Bernardo Soto Alfaro
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Family name hatnote {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | bodyclass = vcard | bodystyle = {{#if:|width: {{{mainwidth}}}}} | child = {{{embed}}}
| abovestyle = font-size: 100%;
| above = {{#if:|
}}
{{#if:|
}}
| subheaderstyle = font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;
| subheader = {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes||{{#if:|{{#if:|
}}}}}}
| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=Bernardo Soto Alfaro.JPG|size=150px|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|size=150px|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image3 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | captionstyle = line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em; | caption{{#if:|3|{{#if:|2}}}} =
| headerstyle = color: #202122; {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes|background:#eee|background:lavender}}
| data1 = {{#if:| {{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}}}Template:Infobox officeholder/office{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| {{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}
| data2 =
| header3 = {{#if:Template:Birth dateAlajuela, First Costa Rican RepublicTemplate:Death date and ageSan José, Costa RicaTemplate:Citation neededApolinar de Jesús Soto Quesada (father)
José María Soto Alfaro (brother)|Personal details}}
| label4 = Pronunciation
| data4 =
| label5 = Born | data5 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br
|1={{#if:|}}
|2={{#invoke:person date|birth}}
|3={{#if:Alajuela, First Costa Rican Republic|
}}
}}
| label6 = Died | data6 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br
|1={{#invoke:person date|death}}
|2={{#if:San José, Costa RicaTemplate:Citation needed|
}}
}}
| label7 = {{#ifexpr: Template:Strfind short
| Manner |{{#if:|Manner|Cause}} }} of death
| data7 = {{#if:||}}
| label8 = Resting place | class8 = label | data8 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br||}}
| label9 = Citizenship | data9 =
| label10 = Nationality | data10 = {{#if:|{{#if:{{#invoke:find country|main|string=Alajuela, First Costa Rican Republic}}|{{#switch:{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{nationality}}}}}| {{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Country2nationality||{{#invoke:find country|main|string={{#invoke:delink|delink|Alajuela, First Costa Rican Republic}}}}|nocat=true}}|{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{nationality}}}}}|{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{nationality}}}}}}} = | {{#ifeq:{{#invoke:find country|main|string=Alajuela, First Costa Rican Republic}}|England|British}} = | #default = {{{nationality}}}}}|{{{nationality}}}}}|}} | label11 = Political party | data11 = {{#switch: | = | Democrat | Democratic | Democrat = Democratic | Republican | United States Republican Party | Republican | Republican Party = Republican | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Labour Party | Labour = Labour | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Liberal Party | Liberal = Liberal | KMT | Kuomintang | KMT | KMT | Kuomintang | Kuomintang (KMT) | Kuomintang (KMT) = Kuomintang | DPP | DPP | Democratic Progressive Party = Democratic Progressive Party | #default = }}
| label12 = Other political
affiliations
| data12 =
| label13 = Height | data13 = {{#if:|Template:Infobox person/height}}
| label14 = Spouse{{#if:|s|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}}}} | data14 =
| label15 = Domestic partner{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data15 =
| label16 = Relations
| data16 = Apolinar de Jesús Soto Quesada (father)
José María Soto Alfaro (brother)
| label17 = Children | data17 =
| label18 = Parent{{#if:|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}}|{{#ifexpr:Template:Count > 1|s}}}} | data18 = {{#if:|{{{parents}}}|{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|{{#if:|{{{father}}} (father)}}|{{#if:|{{{mother}}} (mother)}}}}}}
| label19 = Relatives | data19 =
| label20 = Residence{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | class20 = {{#if:Template:Death date and ageSan José, Costa RicaTemplate:Citation needed||label}} | data20 =
| label21 = Education | data21 =
| label22 = Alma mater | data22 =
| label23 = Occupation | data23 =
| label24 = Profession | data24 =
| label25 = Known for | data25 =
| label26 = Salary | data26 =
| label27 = Cabinet | data27 =
| label28 = Committees | data28 =
| label29 = Portfolio | data29 =
| label30 = {{#if:|Civilian awards|Awards}} | data30 =
| label31 = {{{blank1}}} | data31 =
| label32 = {{{blank2}}} | data32 =
| label33 = {{{blank3}}} | data33 =
| label34 = {{{blank4}}} | data34 =
| label35 = {{{blank5}}} | data35 =
| label36 = Signature | data36 = {{#if:|[[File:{{{signature}}}|{{#if:|{{{signature_size}}}|128x80px}}|class=skin-invert notpageimage|alt=|Bernardo Soto Alfaro's signature]]}}
| label37 = Website | data37 =
| label38 = Nickname{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data38 =
| header39 = {{#if:|Military service}}
| label40 = Allegiance | data40 =
| label41 = {{#if:||Branch/service}} | data41 =
| label42 = {{#if:||Years of service}} | data42 =
| label43 = {{#if:||Rank}} | data43 =
| label44 = {{#if:||Unit}} | data44 =
| label45 = Commands | data45 =
| label46 = {{#if:||Battles/wars}} | data46 =
| label47 = {{#if:|Military awards|Awards}} | data47 =
| label48 = {{{military_blank1}}} | data48 =
| label49 = {{{military_blank2}}} | data49 =
| label50 = {{{military_blank3}}} | data50 =
| label51 = {{{military_blank4}}} | data51 =
| label52 = {{{military_blank5}}} | data52 =
| data53 = | data54 = | data55 = | data56 = | data57 = | data58 = | belowstyle = border-top: 1px solid right;
| below =
{{#if:|Source: [{{{source}}}]}}
}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }} Ramón Bernardo Soto Alfaro (12 February 1854 – Template:Citation needed span 1931) was President of Costa Rica from 1885 to 1889 during the Liberal State.<ref name="MJ44">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Biography
Early life
On 12 February 1854, Soto was born to Apolinar de Jesús Soto Quesada and Joaquina Alfaro Muñoz in Alajuela. In 1871, he obtained a bachelor's degree in science and arts in San José, and on 10 December 1877, he obtained his law degree in the University of Santo Tomás, practicing until 1880. The following year he was governor of Alajuela Province. In 1882, he became Template:Ill, and then Secretary of the Army and Navy. On 15 May 1885, congress made him divisional general and awarded him the honorary title "Benemérito de la Patria" (Meritorious of the Country); in the same year, he was decorated by the Venezuelan government and made academician of the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation of Spain.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref> He was a distinguished member of the Olympus generation.
Presidency
Soto succeeded his brother-in-law, Próspero Fernández Oreamuno, when he died in office<ref>Template:Harvp</ref><ref name="GBÁH15">Template:Harvp</ref> on 12 March 1885;<ref name=CRL/><ref name=GBÁH15/> until 14 April, Costa Rica was still involved in Barrios' War of Reunification. On 19 April 1885, he married Fernández's daughter Pacífica Fernández Guardia.<ref name=GBÁH15/> On 4 December 1885, he signed a contract with Francisco María Fuentes and Template:Ill to allow the construction of hydroelectric-powered streetcars in San José.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Soto's administration continued Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez's liberal economic and national developments. Soto-appointed minister of education Mauro Fernández Acuña reformed education and in that established two new high schools in San José; he staffed them with European scholars, among them being Henri Pittier.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Soto's administration opposed Chinese immigration and supported segregation for those already in the country. He violated the former in allowing Minor Keith to bring in 2,000 Chinese workers, who were made to leave after their contract expired.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> He ran unopposed in the 1886 general election<ref name=MJ44/> after his uncle-in-law, Template:Ill, withdrew his candidacy three weeks before the first round for the "well-being of the nation". When El Nacional continued to support the Guardia candidacy, Diario de Costa Rica labelled it "unpatriotic" and responded by publishing a letter claimed to by Guardia reinforcing his decision; ultimately, Guardia never renewed his candidacy due to pressure from pro-government sectors.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref> On 24 April 1889, he and Minister of Foreign Affairs Manuel de Jesús Jiménez Oreamuno signed a letter addenda that agreed that Costa Rica would not interfere with the construction of the Nicaragua Canal by the Canal Company, reinforcing the convention of arbitration signed on 10 January.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
During the 1889 general election, despite José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón's prospects for victory, he declared Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra president-elect. On 7 November, Rafael Yglesias Castro inspired a peasant march armed with knives and sticks in San José. Due to fear of outrage turning into bloodshed, the same day, Soto had Carlos Durán Cartín,<ref>Template:Harvp</ref> whom he appointed secretary of the interior in 1885,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> serve as interim president for the remainder of his term. Rodríguez was his official successor. The last time Soto neared the presidency was when conspiracies and assassination attempts formed around Yglesias's second term as president after the 1897–1898 general election: suggestions by elites would have had Soto return to power but fell through, and Esquivel filled the position<ref>Template:Harvp</ref> on 8 May 1902,<ref name=CRL/> to the agreement of Soto and Yglesias.<ref>Template:Harvp</ref>
See also
Sources
- Bibliography
External links
Template:CostaRicaPresidents Template:Sister project Template:Authority control
- Biography template using pronunciation
- Pages using infobox officeholder with office0
- Pages using infobox officeholder with speaker
- 1854 births
- 1931 deaths
- People from Alajuela
- Costa Rican people of Spanish descent
- Presidents of Costa Rica
- Vice presidents of Costa Rica
- Government ministers of Costa Rica
- 19th-century Costa Rican people
- Costa Rican liberals