Bernardo Tolomei

Bernardo Tolomei (10 May 1272 – 20 August 1348) was an Italian Catholic priest and the founder of the Congregation of the Blessed Virgin of Monte Oliveto. In the Roman Martyrology he is commemorated on 20 August,<ref>Martyrologium Romanum, Vatican City, 2004.</ref> but in the Benedictine calendar, his optional memorial is celebrated on the previous day.<ref>Calendar of Feasts of the Benedictine Confederation Template:Webarchive Accessed Feb. 22, 2009</ref>

Bernardo Tolomei was beatified by Pope Innocent X on 24 November 1644 and was canonized by Pope Benedict XVI on 26 April 2009.<ref name=pettiti/>

Life

Giovanni Tolomei was born at Siena in Tuscany on 10 May 1272.<ref name=va>"Bernardo Tolomei (1272-1348)", Vatican News Service</ref> He was educated by his uncle, Christopher Tolomeo, a Dominican, and desired to enter the religious life, but his father's opposition prevented him from doing so, and he continued his studies in secular surroundings. After studies in philosophy and mathematics, he devoted himself to the study of civil and canon law, and of theology. While studying law in Siena, he joined the Confraternity of the Disciplinati di Santa Maria della Notte, a group dedicated to aiding the sick at the Hospital della Scala. Tolomei became a professor of law at the University of Siena.<ref name=pettiti>Pettiti, Gianpiero. "St. Bernard Tolomei", Santi e Beati</ref> For a time he served as a knight in the armies of Rudolph I of Germany. After his return to Siena, he was appointed by his fellow citizens to the highest positions in the city government. While thus occupied he was struck with blindness. He is said to have vowed himself to religion in gratitude for the recovery of his eyesight through the intercession of the Blessed Virgin.<ref name=almond>Almond, Joseph Cuthbert. "Olivetans." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 10 April 2019Template:PD-notice</ref>

In 1313, Tolomei, together with two companions, Patrizio di Francesco Patrizi and Ambrogio di Nino Piccolomini, noble Sienese merchants and members of the same Confraternity, retired to Accona on a property belonging to his family. He had taken the name of "Bernard" (in its Italian form Bernardo) out of admiration for The Cistercian abbot, St. Bernard of Clairvaux.<ref>Fournet, Pierre Auguste. "St. Bernard Tolomeo." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 14 April 2020Template:PD-notice</ref> Here they lived a hermitic penitential life characterised by prayer, manual work and silence.<ref name=va/>

Towards the end of 1318 or the beginning of 1319, while deep in prayer, he is said to have seen a ladder on which monks in white habits ascended, helped by angels, and awaited by Jesus and Mary.<ref name=va/> Tolomei founded the Congregation of the Blessed Virgin of Monte Oliveto (the Olivetans), giving it the Rule of St. Benedict. The purpose of the new community was a special devotion to the Blessed Virgin. Bishop Guido Tarlati of Arezzo, within whose diocese the congregation was formed, confirmed its constitution in (1319), and many favours were granted by Popes John XXII, Clement VI (1344), and Gregory XI. Since the Benedictine rule did not prescribe the colour of monastic dress, the Olivetans adopted white habits.<ref name=getty>"The Blessed Bernard Tolomei Interceding for the Cessation of the Plague in Siena": A Rediscovered Painting by Giuseppe Maria CrespiAuthor(s): John T. SpikeSource: The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal, Vol. 15 (1987), pp. 111-116</ref>

Through the generosity of a merchant, a monastery was erected at Siena; Bishop Tarlati built another at Arezzo; a third sprang up at Florence; and within a very few years there were establishments at Camprena, Volterra, San Geminiano, Eugubio, Foligno, and Rome.<ref name=almond/>

During the Plague of 1348, Tolomei left the solitude of Monte Oliveto for the monastery of San Benedetto a Porta Tufi in Siena. The disease was particularly virulent in the city. Tolomei and his monks devoted themselves to the care of the sick. On 20 August 1348, while helping his plague-stricken monks, he himself fell victim to the Plague. Eighty-two monks likewise succumbed to the plague.<ref name=getty/>

His last days were depicted in a painting by the 18th-century Italian painter Giuseppe Maria Crespi in a work was entitled: 'The Blessed Bernard Tolomei Interceding for the Cessation of the Plague in Siena' (1735).<ref name=getty/>

After having ruled the religious body he had founded for 27 years Tolomei died, at the age of 76. Tolomei was canonized in 2009.