Bess Myerson

Template:Short description Template:Infobox officeholder Bess Myerson (July 16, 1924 – December 14, 2014) was an American politician, model, and television actress who in 1945 became the first Miss America who was Jewish. Her achievement, in the aftermath of the Holocaust, was seen as an affirmation of the Jewish place in American life. She was a heroine to parts of the Jewish community,<ref name="Times obit">Template:Citation</ref><ref name="Daily News obit">Template:Cite news</ref> where "she was the most famous pretty girl since Queen Esther".<ref name="Times obit" />

Myerson made frequent television appearances during the 1950s and 1960s. She was a commissioner in the New York City government, served on presidential commissions from the 1960s through the 1980s, and ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate. Her career in public service ended in the late 1980s when she was indicted on bribery and conspiracy charges. She was acquitted after a highly publicized trial.<ref name="Times obit" />

Biography

Myerson was born in the Bronx, New York,<ref name="harbio">Template:Cite web</ref> to Louis Myerson and Bella (née Podell), who were Jewish immigrants from Russia. Myerson's father worked as a housepainter, handyman and carpenter. After Myerson's birth, the family moved from the South Bronx to Shalom Aleichem Houses, a cooperative apartment complex in the northern Bronx.<ref name="harbio" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Dworkin, 10-11</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She had three siblings: a younger sister, Helen; an elder sister, Sylvia; and a brother, Joseph, who died at age 3, before Myerson was born.<ref name="Times obit" /><ref>Dworkin, pp. 10, 26</ref>

Bess's upbringing emphasized the importance of scholarship over physical beauty. In addition to tradesmen, her neighbors included poets, writers and artists. Myerson reached her adult height when she was 12, and she towered over other children, something that she said made her feel "awkward and gawky" during her preadolescence. Myerson recalled one of her worst childhood memories was playing the tall and thin Popeye cartoon character Olive Oyl in an elementary school play.<ref>Dworkin, p. 36</ref><ref name="LA Times obituary" />

Myerson began studying piano when she was 9 years old and was in the second class of New York's High School of Music and Art in 1937, graduating in 1941.<ref>Dworkin, p. 41</ref> She went to Hunter College, graduating with honors in 1945 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in music.<ref name="Times obit" /><ref name="harbio" /><ref name="encycomp">Template:Cite web</ref> To support herself and her family while in college, she gave piano lessons for fifty cents an hour, and worked as a music counselor at a girl's summer camp in Vermont.<ref name="harbio" /><ref>Dworkin, pp. 1, 57</ref>

Miss America

By the time she was 21, Myerson was Template:Convert tall with "luxuriant brown hair".<ref name="Times obit" /> Myerson was entered without her knowledge into the Miss New York City competition by John C. Pape, a retired steel magnate and amateur photographer who had employed her as a model while she was in college. When Myerson was told about the pageant by her sister Sylvia, who was acquainted with Pape, Myerson was angry because she felt that the beauty business was "embarrassing". However, she was persuaded to compete by Sylvia, and she competed in the swimsuit competition using a borrowed bathing suit.<ref>Dworkin, p. 69</ref>

Myerson enjoyed competing in the pageant, in which she stood out from the other contestants because of her height. On August 15, 1945, the day of Japan's surrender (VJ Day), she won the competition for the pageant and moved on to the Miss America competition, partly motivated by the $5,000 scholarship awarded to the winner.<ref>Dworkin, p. 72</ref> She told interviewers that she wanted to buy a black Steinway grand piano with the scholarship money.<ref name="harbio" /><ref name="LA Times obituary" /><ref name="nymag">Template:Cite news</ref>

Myerson was the Miss New York entry in the 1945 Miss America pageant,<ref name="Times obit" /> and she competed in the talent portion of the contest by performing the music of Edvard Grieg and George Gershwin.<ref name="LA Times obituary" /> Prior to the competition, she was pressured to use a pseudonym that "sounded less Jewish". Despite revelations of the Holocaust in the previous months, America was still widely perceived as an Anglo-Saxon Protestant society that manifested hostility toward people of Jewish ancestry. Myerson refused<ref name=encycomp/><ref name="pbs">Template:Cite web</ref> and was subjected to substantial antisemitism.<ref name="Times obit" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> After she won the title on September 8, 1945, three of the pageant's five sponsors withdrew from having her represent their companies as Miss America.<ref name="harbio" /><ref name=encycomp/><ref name=pbs/>

She paid for graduate studies at Juilliard and Columbia University with the pageant scholarship money.<ref name="harbio" /> An aspiring pianist, she briefly gave recitals on the vaudeville circuit before realizing that audiences were more interested in seeing her in a bathing suit.<ref name="LA Times obituary" /> In 1946, she played in a Carnegie Hall popular music concert with members of the New York Philharmonic.<ref name="Times obit" /><ref>Carnegie Hall "Pops" program, 31 May 1946, at NY Philharmonic Archives: https://archives.nyphil.org/index.php/artifact/2bf0a890-e4fd-4630-a4aa-a63bbb845def-0.1/fullview#page/13/mode/1up</ref>

While Myerson was on her year-long tour as Miss America, she encountered "No Jews" signs posted in places such as hotels and country clubs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Such experiences led her to conduct lectures on behalf of the Anti-Defamation League titled "You Can't Be Beautiful and Hate".<ref name="encycomp" /><ref name="NPR-1-6-15">Template:Cite web</ref> Myerson became a vocal opponent of antisemitism and racism, and her speaking tour became the highlight of her Miss America reign.<ref name="VOA obit">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2015, Religion News Service observed that at the time when she won the pageant, emaciated concentration camp survivors had just shed their prison clothes. "Bess Myerson represented the resurrection of the Jewish body—the journey from degradation to beauty."<ref name="RNS -1-6-15">Template:Cite news</ref>

Television and politics

Ed Koch, Myerson, and Henry Kissinger, 1977

A few years after hearing her speak at an ADL function, television producer Walt Framer hired Myerson for the 1950s game show The Big Payoff. She was the "Lady in Mink" modeling the grand prize mink coat, and introducing guests and prizes, throughout the 1951 to 1959 network run of the program.<ref name="LA Times obituary" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Recognized for her wit and hard work, in 1954 Myerson was a panelist on the game show The Name's the Same and from 1958 through 1967 a panelist on I've Got a Secret.<ref name="Times obit" /> She regularly substituted for Dave Garroway on the Today Show.<ref name="LA Times obituary" /> She was also a host of the television broadcast of the Miss America pageant from 1954 to 1968.<ref name="LA Times obituary" />

Myerson stepped down from her other commitments in 1969 when appointed by Mayor John V. Lindsay to become the first Commissioner of the New York City Department of Consumer Affairs.<ref>Dworkin, p. 220.</ref><ref name="Times 3 Feb 1969">Template:Cite news</ref> Her career as a commercial pitchwoman for a number of products throughout the 1950s and 1960s had led to her becoming a consultant to several consumer products companies. In her consumer affairs position, which she held until 1973, she became a pioneer in consumer protection law.<ref name="Times obit" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

She also served on several presidential commissions on violence, mental health, workplace issues and hunger in the 1960s and 1970s.<ref name="Times obit" /> Myerson was a frequent public companion of then-Congressman Ed Koch throughout the late 1970s and the beginning of his mayoral ambitions, and chaired his successful 1977 campaign for New York City mayor.<ref name="harbio" /><ref name="BermanInterview">Template:Cite news</ref>

In the 1980 United States Senate election, Myerson vied for the Democratic nomination in New York against Congresswoman Elizabeth Holtzman, Queens District Attorney John J. Santucci, and Lindsay. Myerson lost to Holtzman by a wide margin. Holtzman was subsequently defeated by Al D'Amato.<ref name="harbio" />

In 2002, Myerson appeared in the documentary film Miss America as a former Miss America interviewee.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The "Bess Mess"

After serving in the Koch administration in 1983 as Commissioner of the Department of Cultural Affairs, Myerson's career became overshadowed by controversy. She became romantically involved with a married sewer contractor, Carl Andrew Capasso. It soon emerged that Hortense Gabel—the judge involved in Capasso's divorce case—had started socializing with Myerson. Judge Gabel's daughter (Sukhreet) was also hired by Myerson. After Gabel cut Capasso's child support payments, investigations began as to whether Gabel had been bribed. In April 1987, after Myerson invoked the Fifth Amendment, she was forced to resign her position in the Koch administration. The scandal became known as the "Bess Mess".<ref name="Times obit" />

Myerson, Capasso and Gabel were indicted a year later and tried on federal charges of conspiracy, mail fraud, obstruction of justice, and using interstate facilities to violate state bribery laws, accused of conspiring to reduce Capasso's child support payments.<ref name="Capasso obit" /> With Sukhreet as the prosecution's chief witness, the main issue at the U.S. District Court trial was whether Myerson's decision to hire Sukhreet constituted bribery. After four months of trial proceedings, all three defendants were acquitted.<ref name="Times obit" /><ref name="LA Times obituary" /><ref name="Time">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Capasso remained in prison, having previously been convicted of unrelated tax charges.<ref name="Capasso obit">Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal life

In October 1946, Myerson married Allan Wayne, a recently discharged U.S. Navy captain. They had one daughter, Barbara, born in 1947.<ref name=encycomp/> The marriage was marred by domestic violence, and the couple divorced after eleven years.<ref name="Times obit" /><ref name=encycomp/><ref name="nymag" /><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Myerson's second marriage was to attorney Arnold Grant, who legally adopted her daughter in 1962. The couple divorced in the early 1970s. Daughter Barbara became an actress, director and screenwriter who is better known as Barra Grant.<ref name=encycomp/>

Before her federal trial began, Myerson was arrested in May 1988 for shoplifting at a department store in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She pleaded guilty to retail theft and was ordered to pay a fine.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

Myerson was very connected to her Jewish roots, and was filmed in conversation with the Lubavitcher Rebbe.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She donated funds to help build "Bessie's Bistro" at the Jewish Museum of Florida-FIU in memory of her parents, Bella and Louis Myerson, who lived in the neighborhood near the museum.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Myerson survived ovarian cancer in the 1970s and experienced a mild stroke in 1981, from which she made a full recovery. She moved to Florida in 2002 and later moved to California, where she remained until her death. In 2013, she was reported to be suffering from dementia.<ref name="LA Times obituary" /><ref name="JWeekly 1995">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="People - June 1987">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Daily News 2013">Template:Cite news</ref>

Death

Myerson died on December 14, 2014, in Santa Monica, California, at age 90. Her death was not immediately announced publicly, but it was confirmed by the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office three weeks after she died.<ref name="LA Times obituary">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She was interred at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery in Santa Monica.Template:Citation needed

See also

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Further reading

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External links

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