Bibliography of the Holocaust

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This is a selected bibliography and other resources for The Holocaust, including prominent primary sources, historical studies, notable survivor accounts and autobiographies, as well as other documentation that helps to establish the event horizon of the Nazi genocide.

Bibliographies of the Holocaust compiled by Adam and Hershel Edelheit list tens of thousands of items, while documentation by organizations such as Yad Vashem (including précis of individual fates) enters into the millions.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Abraham & Hershel Edelheit. Bibliography of the Holocaust. 2 vol.'s + Supplement. 1988-2021.</ref><ref>Main site: https://www.yadvashem.org/ Digital collections: https://www.yadvashem.org/collections.html</ref>

Bibliography

Primary sources

File:The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied.pdf

Photos from The Black Book of Poland, published in 1942 by Polish government-in-exile in London and New York

Early Reports

Some of the information relayed in the Grojanowski Report (from the extermination center at Chelmno), including an estimate of 700 thousand murdered Jews, was broadcast by the BBC on June 2, 1942.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Mention of several details from this broadcast were recycled and reported on page 5 of the New York Times near the end of that month on June 27, 1942.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

A New York Times article reports on the existence and use of the gas-chambers on November 24, 1942.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> It significantly understates the scale of the mass-killing ongoing in the camps, though it does quote the number killed that year at 250,000 and suggests by implication that operations were continuous or otherwise had not concluded. The article appears on page 10 of that day's edition of the New York Times next to an ad for Seagram's Gin much larger than the article itself.<ref name=":0" /> This brief mention broadcasts certain basic elements of the Racynski's note, which was not officially circulated as a brochure under the heading "The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland" until several weeks later.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

During the Second World War and in its immediate aftermath, many of the documents listed in the "Primary Documents" section above existed alongside a scattering of reports from individual camps such as Bettleheim's "Individual & Mass-Behavior in Extreme Situations"(1943) which appeared in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Early book-length works from survivors of the camps that became widely available immediately after the war include Kogon's Theory and Practice of Hell (1st published in 1946 as Der SS-Staat: Das System de Deutschen Konzentrationslager), and Rousset's Other Kingdom (1946). These come from Dachau. The Nuremberg Trials, with many and various testimonies, were ongoing as Rousset and Kogon were published. A second wave of early first person testimonies at book-length include those by Levi, Wiesel and Adler. These accounts speak of Auschwitz-Birkenau and Thereisenstadt.

The Bettleheim paper appearing in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology is a unique document, insofar as it was published while the concentration camps and extermination centers were still in operation and consisted of the testimony of a working psychiatric clinician in an attempt to report on the circumstances from the perspective of a survivor of the camps.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> However "Individual & Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations"(1943) also represents the limitations of the early reports: Dachau and Buchenwald (where Bettleheim was imprisoned) were not, technically speaking, extermination centers (the gas-chambers were not used for mass-executions in those camps) and thus does not reflect the experience of prisoners in the death-camps in Eastern Europe but speaks to how the system operated within Germany.

Even reports that record massacres, camps and extermination centers in the East during the war such as Raczyński's Note; the Black Book of Polish Jewry (which confines its sample to Poland, and understates, for a variety of reasons, the full scope of ongoing mass-murder);<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref> the Black Book of Soviet Jewry (which was compiled and presented for publication during the war but not circulated until after the war); and the Vrba–Wetzler report (which contains the testimony of two prisoners escaped from Auschwitz-Birkenau, published alongside the testimony of the Jerzy Tabeau, the Polish Major in Auschwitz Protocols) speak only to limited areas within the system of extermination, do not present a full picture of the killing, and were scarcely made available to the larger public due to an editorial policy that questioned the statistics at the time.<ref name=":1" /> The Black Book of Soviet Jewry did not circulate during the war, while the Vrba–Wetzler report (April 1944) saw a limited and circumscribed distribution (though it convinced the regent of Hungary to halt transports in June 1944, which had until then been proceeding at a rate of 12,000 deportees per day). The Black Book of Polish Jewry and even earlier reports in the Allied press presented details, but these documents significantly understate the scale of the killings – due in part to limited information, and in part to a (retrospectively) misplaced sense of discretion and sensitivity to the prevailing attitude of antisemitism amongst all Western powers, whether Allied or Axis: there was a desire to make the reports speak to an audience unconcerned about the fate of Jews.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref>

The Lodz Yizkhor Buch was first published in 1943, but remained primarily in Yiddish until a translated edition was published after the war. Many Yizkhor, or community chronicles by survivors, were to follow.

Articles such as the report on atrocities in the May 7th, 1945 issue of Life Magazine (7 May 1945, 31–37) began the process of substantively documenting and revealing aspects of what had happened to the global public whereas before knowledge of the mass-killings and the gas-chambers – though alluded to, for example, in speeches by Churchill (24 August 1941 broadcast, re: 'Appeal to Roosevelt') – and reported by rumor or anecdote, remained hazy and fragmentary in public consciousness. Many of the earliest accounts came from individual camps and the documents listed above – most substantially the Nuremberg Trial documentsTemplate:Sndbut these remained obscure apart from high-level (or generally vague) quotation in journalism.<ref name=":2" />

First Histories: Early Attempts at a Comprehensive Presentation

Early major attempts at systematic scholarship or overviews of the whole system and process of Nazi genocide include:

Historical studies

Selected accounts by survivors

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Selected semi-autobiographical accounts by survivors

Other documents

Hypotheses and historiography

Holocaust Denialism & Refutation

In a 1989 publication, Abraham Foxman, the national director of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) from 1987 to 2015, estimated that there were 200 books denying the Holocaust.<ref>Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust: A Department of Defense Guide for Commemorative Observance. Office of the Secretary of Defense. 1989. p. 123.</ref> Major exemplars of Holocaust denialism include productions by Robert Faurisson, David Irving, Wolfgang Hanel, ZFI (Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle Ingolstadt), and various other pseudo-historians and pseudo-historical societies of a decidedly Neo-Nazi character. For a sketch of these activities and vandalisms of the historical record, see for example the case of David Irving v. Penguin Limited & Deborah Lipstadt.

A work by Jacques Derrida--The Differend (1983)--examines the structural and metaphysical fallacies and double-binds exploited by authors of Holocaust denialism in their negationist arguments.

Selected filmography

Documentaries

Cinema

General sites

Sites in languages other than English

Memorials

Particular groups which were involved in The Holocaust

Holocaust education

Victim information and databases

Documentation and evidence

Other topics

Other

See also

References

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