Bichon Frisé

The Bichon FriséTemplate:Efn or Bichon à Poil Frisé is a Franco-Belgian breed of small toy dog of bichon type. It was recognised by the Société Centrale Canine in 1933 and by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1959.

Etymology

The French word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} comes from Middle French {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ('small dog'), a diminutive of Old French {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ('female dog', cognate with English bitch), from Old English {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, and related to other Germanic words with the same meaning, including Old Norse {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, and German {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.<ref>Auguste Scheler, Dictionnaire d'étymologie française d'après les résultats de la science moderne, "bichon".</ref><ref>Donkin, Diez, An etymological dictionary of the Romance languages, "biche".</ref> Some speculate the origin of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} to be the result of the apheresis, or shortening, of the word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ('small poodle'), a derivative of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ('shaggy dog'); however, this is likely impossible, since the word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (attested 1588) is older than {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (attested 1694).<ref>Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales, "bichon".</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> While the English name for the breed, Bichon Frise, is derived from the French {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} meaning 'curly haired small dog'.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

History

File:Goya Alba1.jpg

The White Duchess, painted by Francisco de Goya in 1795, featuring the Duchess of Alba and her Bichon<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

The dogs found early success in Spain and it is generally believed that Spanish seamen introduced the early breed to Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Their association with European nobility began in the 13th century, entering the royal courts of Spain, Italy and France.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the 14th century, Italian sailors rediscovered the dogs on their voyages and are credited with returning them to continental Europe.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Bichon à Poil Frisé was recognised by the Société Centrale Canine in 1933.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was definitively accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in October 1959.Template:R

Some of the dogs were brought to the United States in 1955<ref name=akc1>"Get to Know the Bichon Frise", The American Kennel Club. Retrieved 30 April 2014.</ref> and to the United Kingdom in 1973.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Appearance

The Bichon Frisé is a small dog, standing Template:Convert at the withers and weighing approximately Template:Convert, the weight varying in proportion to the height. The skull is rather flat, but may appear rounded; the muzzle tapers only slightly, and constitutes two-fifths of the length of the head. The nose is black, the eyes dark and round.Template:R

The coat is loosely curled in spirals or corkscrews, with a thick soft undercoat. On the Bichon Frisé's head, it is typically styled in a spherical shape, resembling a full moon. The coat is always pure white; only in dogs under a year old may it be slightly tinged with beige, this extending over no more than 10% of the area of the body. The head and legs are proportionate in size to the body.<ref name=fci2>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Health

A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 12.5 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

An American study looking at immune-mediated hemolytic anemia found a predisposition to the condition in the Bichon Frise, with 9% of cases belonging to the breed despite being 2% of the control population.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

A study in the UK found the Bichon Frise to be predisposed to gall bladder disease (excluding gall bladder mucocele). The Bichon Frise was found to be 9.26 times more likely to acquire a non-mucocele gall bladder disease than other dogs.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

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• At sixteen years old
  At sixteen years old