Big Sandy River (Ohio River tributary)
Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Infobox river The Big Sandy River, called Sandy Creek as early as 1756, is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately Template:Convert long,<ref name=NHD>U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Template:Webarchive, accessed June 13, 2011</ref> in western West Virginia and northeastern Kentucky in the United States. The river forms part of the boundary between the two states along its entire course. Via the Ohio River, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.
The name of the river, originally called Sandy Creek by 1756, comes from the presence of extensive sand bars. The Native American names for the river included Tatteroa, Chatteroi, and Chatterwha.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The name "Big Sandy" was in use no later than February, 1789.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Course
It is formed between Louisa, Kentucky, and Fort Gay, West Virginia, by the confluence of the Tug Fork and Levisa Fork. It flows generally northwardly in a highly meandering course, between Lawrence and Boyd counties in Kentucky and Wayne County in West Virginia. It joins the Ohio between Catlettsburg, Kentucky and Kenova, West Virginia, Template:Convert west of Huntington, West Virginia, at the common boundary between West Virginia, Kentucky, and Ohio.
The river is navigable and carries commercial shipping, primarily coal mined in the immediate region.
History
Some Native American groups have links to the area and region, such as the Shawnee, Cherokee, Tutelo, Issa, and others.
In 1756, as part of the French and Indian War, the Sandy Creek Expedition occurred in the valley.
George Washington surveyed land at the mouth of the river between 1768 and 1772.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The tombstone of David White, an early settler along the river in Kentucky, marks his passing in 1817 with the note that he lived many years near the Mouth of the Big Sandy.<ref name="Boyd Co. KY cemetery database David White death 1817">[thebookplace.org/genealogy/databases/], Retrieved 2013-7-19</ref>
Several notable personalities relating to the Civil War hailed from the Big Sandy Valley. Likewise, the valley hosted important war-time events.
The Tug Fork of the Big Sandy River is the site of the Hatfield-McCoy feud.
Martin County sludge spill
On October 11, 2000, the Martin County sludge spill polluted hundreds of miles of the Ohio River, the Big Sandy River and its tributaries. The accident was caused when a coal sludge impoundment owned by Massey Energy in Kentucky broke into an abandoned underground mine below. Toxic pollutants including heavy metals such as mercury, lead, arsenic, copper and chromium were found in the sludge that spilled into these waterways.<ref name="pollutants">[news.google.com/newspapers?id=cboeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-M8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6918,1660633&dq=martin+county+sludge+spill&hl=en Spartanburg Herald-Journal], Retrieved 2011-01-29.</ref>
The spill was 30 times larger than the Exxon Valdez oil spill (Template:Convert) and one of the worst environmental disasters ever in the southeastern United States, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Popular culture
Two well-known fiddle tunes take their name from the Big Sandy River: "Sandy River Belle" and the "Big Sandy River". Loretta Lynn's "Van Lear Rose" and Dwight Yoakam's "Bury Me" also mention the river.
See also
- List of Kentucky rivers
- List of West Virginia rivers
- Little Sandy River
- Port of Huntington Tri-State