Bilingual (album)

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Bilingual is the sixth studio album by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys, released in the United Kingdom on 2 September 1996 by Parlophone and in the United States on 10 September 1996 by Atlantic Records. The album reached number four on the UK Albums Chart, lower than their previous five studio albums which had all reached the top three. It yielded four successful singles, with three of them—"Before", "Se a vida é (That's the Way Life Is)" and "A Red Letter Day"—reaching the UK top 10; the fourth one, the English/Spanish-language composition "Single-Bilingual", peaked within the top 20.

Background and recording

Bilingual continues the heavily instrumented arrangements and backing vocals Pet Shop Boys began adding to their music with the album Very (1993). As the title suggests, a number of the songs on Bilingual have international influences. On their 1994 Discovery Tour in South America, the duo were influenced by the beats and rhythms associated with Latin American music.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Initially, the whole album was intended to have a Latin American sound, but the concept was not fully realised.<ref name="Gleadall">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="bilingualfurther">Template:Cite AV media notes</ref>

Three songs have bilingual lyrics, mixing English with Spanish on "Discoteca" and "Single-Bilingual" and with Portuguese on "Se a vida é", which was based on a song by the Brazilian group Olodum.<ref name="airplay">Template:Cite magazine</ref> "It Always Comes as a Surprise" opens with a sample of Brazilian singer Astrud Gilberto and features percussion sounds from a berimbau and cuícas.Template:Sfn<ref name="Gleadall"/> A sample of Spanish gypsy music was used on "To Step Aside",Template:Sfn and a Russian choir sang on "A Red Letter Day".<ref name="MW promo">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Neil Tennant described four of the songs—"Metamorphosis", "Electricity", "Before", and "Saturday Night Forever"—as a "New York dance album" within the album.Template:Sfn

In August 1994, Pet Shop Boys started writing songs for the album, including "Discoteca", at Unique Studios, where they had originally recorded "West End Girls".<ref name="MW promo"/><ref name="Gleadall"/> While in New York, they heard live samba drums at the Sound Factory Bar, which inspired their Discovery Tour later that year.<ref name="Du Noyer">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> For the album, they worked with the Scottish women's drumming ensemble SheBoom, who specialised in samba rhythms,<ref name="MW promo"/> as well as samba percussionist Robin Jones.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Recording began in April 1995 and continued on and off into the following year.<ref name="bilingualfurther"/> The duo worked at Sarm West and Bunk Junk & Genius in London, and they also set up their own studio in a rented house outside Henley-on-Thames and used nearby Sarm Hook End as well.<ref name="MW promo"/> In June 1995, they went to New York to record the single "Before" at Axis and Bass Hit studios with Danny Tenaglia,<ref name="bilingualfurther"/> who later came to the UK to produce the track "Saturday Night Forever".Template:Sfn Pet Shop Boys worked with producer Chris Porter on five tracks: "Se a vida é", "It Always Comes as a Surprise", "Up Against It", "The Survivors", and "To Step Aside". One track, "Metamorphosis", was produced by Paul Roberts and Andy Williams of K-Klass. In March 1996, Tennant traveled to Moscow to record the Russian choir on "A Red Letter Day" at the State House of Broadcasting and Sound Recording.<ref name="MW promo"/><ref name="liner"/>

Release

Prior to the album's release, Pet Shop Boys collaborated with David Bowie on the song "Hallo Spaceboy", which reached number 12 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1996. In April, Bilingual was preceded by the top 10 single "Before", followed by another hit single, "Se a vida é (That's the Way Life Is)", in August. The album was released on 2 September 1996 by Parlophone in the UK and on 10 September by Atlantic Records in the US.

Promotion

In late 1995, Pet Shop Boys ended their contract with the American branch of EMI and signed with Atlantic Records. A renewed marketing campaign was launched to promote the band in the United States via both radio airplay and club play. In May 1996, Atlantic supplied 300 clubs with import copies of "Before" ahead of the single's stateside release on 17 June, and their gay marketing division hosted a series of launch parties at gay nightclubs in cities where the duo had previous commercial success. Radio promotion was targeted at Top 40, alternative, and college stations.<ref name="Billboard promo">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Bilingual was positioned as one of Atlantic's top releases for the fourth quarter of 1996, with an aggressive pricing strategy. The label set up a Pet Shop Boys site on the World Wide Web, where at least five fansites had been created by that time.<ref name="Billboard promo"/> Tennant signed copies of Bilingual at an event for hundreds of fans at Tower Records on New York's Upper West Side.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The marketing campaign was intended to encourage participation from the duo, who had "a reputation for being difficult, to the extent of barely helping to promote their releases", according to the music trade magazine Billboard.<ref name="Billboard promo"/>

In the UK, promotion for the album included advertisements in cinemas, on television, and in various print publications, as well as billboards in London. BBC Radio 1 had a Pet Shop Boys Day, and there was a Pet Shop Boys special on the BBC Two television programme The O-Zone.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Tennant gave interviews to publications including Q magazine<ref name="Du Noyer"/> and The Sunday Times.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The campaign initiated by Parlophone was deliberately designed around the album with minimal promotion by Tennant and Lowe. According to international marketing manager Carol Baxter, Pet Shop Boys were established enough that their participation was not required.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

The duo made in-person appearances to support the last two singles from the album. In November 1996, they performed their new release "Single-Bilingual" along with "Se a Vida é", accompanied by SheBoom, on the popular Channel 4 show TFI Friday hosted by Chris Evans.<ref name="Single-Bilingual">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In March 1997, Pet Shop Boys promoted "A Red Letter Day" with the only Top of the Pops studio performance of any single released from Bilingual; the previous singles had been promoted on the hit music show with their music videos.<ref name="TOTP">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They also appeared on the ITV programme This Morning, hosted by Richard and Judy, for an interview and a preview of the music video.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> A two-part BBC Radio 1 documentary with the duo titled About the Pet Shop Boys aired in December 1996.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Pet Shop Boys decided to perform a series of concerts at the Savoy Theatre in London in June 1997.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As promotion, they released a cover version of "Somewhere" from West Side Story as a single and on a double album, Bilingual: Special Edition, which included the original album and a bonus CD of remixes and B-sides.<ref name="Special Edition">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The single reached the UK top 10, and a performance of "Somewhere" was recorded at the Savoy for Top of the Pops.<ref name="TOTP"/>

Artwork

The CD cover (pictured) had a screen printed frosted finish of dirty varnish, with the album title in clear plastic revealing a yellow booklet and the band name through the lettering. The LP was yellow with white lettering. The concept, designed by Mark Farrow, was meant to convey luxury packaging; however, a Parlophone executive later described it as giving the message "I'm not for you" instead of "Buy me".<ref name="catalogue">Template:Cite book</ref>

Rather than doing a photoshoot of the duo, informal pictures were used for the booklet and inner sleeve. The photos were in duplicate, playing on the "bi" theme. The special edition cover had a double image of the duo taken by Andy Earl. Lyrics were included in the packaging for the first time.<ref name="catalogue"/>

Commercial performance

Bilingual debuted at number four on the UK albums chart and spent nine weeks in the top 100 in 1996.<ref name="Bilingual chart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The album was certified gold upon release by the British Phonographic Industry,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> signifying 100,000 units shipped to retailers. It had sold 81,000 copies by June 1997, at the time of their "Somewhere" residency,<ref name="Savoy">Template:Cite magazine</ref> and by 2017, the sales total had increased to 108,054 copies in the UK.<ref name="UK sales"/>

Worldwide, Bilingual had sold 1.5 million copies by February 1997, with the top markets for the album being Italy, Germany, Spain, Brazil, and Asia.<ref name="Billboard sales">Template:Cite magazine</ref> In the US, where Bilingual peaked at 39 on the Billboard 200,<ref name="US chart"/> the album sold 149,000 copies by 2006.<ref name="US sales"/>

Singles

"Before" was released on 22 April 1996 as the lead single from Bilingual<ref name="MW promo"/> and reached number seven in the UK.<ref name="UK Charts">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was co-produced with Danny Tenaglia and featured Barbara Tucker, Carole Sylvan, and Karen Bernod on backing vocals.<ref name="liner"/> The B-sides were "Hit and Miss", "The Truck Driver and His Mate", and the 1995 version of "In the Night". The 12-inch and CD maxi-single releases were focused entirely on remixes.<ref name="MW promo"/>

The album's second single was "Se a vida é (That's the Way Life Is)", released on 12 August 1996.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The title phrase, "Se a vida é", is mistranslated as "that's the way life is" (the actual meaning in Portuguese is "if life is"), but Tennant decided to keep it as is.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sfn The song was co-produced with Chris Porter and featured drums by Glasgow group SheBoom.<ref name="Vida single">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Remixes were done by Mark Picchiotti, Deep Dish and Pink Noise.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The B-sides were "Betrayed" and "How I Learned to Hate Rock 'n' Roll".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The video for the song featured youthful models frolicking at a water park located in South Florida and was shot by Bruce Weber, who had also directed the music video for the duo's 1990 single "Being Boring".<ref name="MW promo"/> The single had a great deal of radio play on release,<ref name="airplay"/> and during the summer of 1996 it spent five weeks in the UK top 40 peaking at number eight.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was released in the US in April 1997 as a double A-side single with "To Step Aside".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> To promote the package, 13 mixes of "To Step Aside" were commissioned, most of them released promotionally only and unreleased in the UK.Template:Citation needed "To Step Aside" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording in 1998.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

The third single to be released was "Single" in November 1996. It was renamed "Single-Bilingual" as Everything but the Girl had recently released a different song also called "Single". Produced by Pet Shop Boys with drums by SheBoom, the single included remixes of "Single-Bilingual" and a new mix of "Discoteca". The B-sides were "Confidential" (a demo for Tina Turner) and "The Calm Before the Storm".<ref name="Single-Bilingual"/> It peaked at number 14 in the UK.<ref name="UK Charts"/>

A new version of "A Red Letter Day", featuring additional production by Steve Rodway, was released as the fourth single from Bilingual in March 1997. It features Barbara Tucker, Carole Sylvan, and Karen Bernod on backing vocals along with the Choral Academy of Moscow.<ref name="liner"/> The B-sides were "The Boy Who Couldn't Keep His Clothes On" and "Delusions of Grandeur".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> "A Red Letter Day" entered the UK Singles Chart at number nine only to crash out of the top 40 after only one week.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

During this era, an additional single not part of the original Bilingual package, "Somewhere", was released to promote the duo's residency at the Savoy Theatre in London and a special edition of Bilingual.<ref name="Savoy"/> In the UK, the single charted at number nine.<ref name="UK Charts"/> In the US, it was released as a double A-side with "A Red Letter Day".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> For the UK release, B-sides included "Disco Potential" and "The View from Your Balcony".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

In late 1996, the song "Up Against It" had radio airplay in Sweden, although it had not been released as a single.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Reissues

In 2001, Pet Shop Boys reissued their first six studio albums; Bilingual was re-released as Bilingual: Further Listening 1995–1997. It was digitally remastered and included a second disc of B-sides and previously unreleased material from around the time of the album's original release. A remastered single-disc edition followed on 9 February 2009, under the title of Bilingual: Remastered, containing only the 12 tracks of the original.<ref name="Amazon.co.uk">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2018, a newly remastered edition of Bilingual: Further Listening 1995–1997 was released, with the same contents as the 2001 edition.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Critical reception

Template:Music ratings In a 3-star review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine cited Bilingual as "further proof that even if the Pet Shop Boys aren't gracing the top of the charts as frequently as they did during the late '80s, they are crafting albums that are more adventurous and successful than they did when they were one of the top singles acts in pop music".<ref name="AllMusic"/> Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian also gave 3 stars, elaborating: "You'd think that, after 11 years and six LPs, the Pet Shop Boys had taken their ironic-gay-disco formula as far as possible. Bilingual seems to confirm this... But—and this is what made 20 of their songs top 40 hits—it never fails to be extravagantly melodic and intelligent. You almost like it against your will".<ref name="Guardian"/>

Giving Bilingual a B+, Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly called it "a near-perfect album for converting discophobes to the pleasures of dance music".<ref name="EW"/> Paul Verna of Billboard commented, "Another pleasant jolt of "Bilingual" is how tightly linked its rhythms are to current dance trends. It adds up to a fresher and far more commercially accessible album than the act has offered in years".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

J. D. Considine of Spin rated the album 8 out of 10, saying, "Bilingual breaks new ground on tunes like "Se a Vida é", in which the earthy pulse of the percussion beautifully offsets the mannered detachment of Neil Tennant's voice—a new way to play off his usual inside/outside emotional dynamic. Only here, for the first time in eons, he sounds happy. Hopeful, even".<ref name="Spin"/> Ryan Schreiber of Pitchfork, who gave the album 5.9 out of 10, noted: "For the first four seconds of Bilingual, I was convinced it was more of the same synthetic, electroid waste that we're so accustomed to hearing from the Boys. And that's when the strings came in. Of course, they're not real strings, but all the same, the chords played are not your standard danceable, major key chords. It's much darker than that. The drum loops begins its aggressive pounding, and you slowly begin to realize that something's changed with these guys".<ref name="Pitchfork Review"/>

In a 3.5-star review for Rolling Stone, Barney Hoskyns wrote: "The reason Pet Shop Boys have endured is that their robotic beats, campy choral arrangements and sampled, stabbing orchestration are underpinned by a deep melancholy, the special pathos of gay culture in the age of AIDS. There is an ironic sadness at work in the crisp couplets and clipped vowels of Tennant… This is the wistful, diffident intelligence of the outsider staying one step removed from a sexual melee into which he would secretly like to plunge".<ref name="Rolling Stone"/> Likewise, Douglas Wolk of CMJ New Music Monthly observed: "The PSB's don't use disco to make people happy: they use it to recall a time of happiness, from the vantage point of a world of shattered pleasure. That's never been more clear than on Bilingual's closer, "Saturday Night Forever," a kaddish for a rainbow-lit dancefloor, celebratory, groovy and unbelievably sad".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Track listing

Template:Track listing

Notes:

Special edition (1997)

Template:Track listing Template:Track listing

Remastered edition (2001)

Template:Track listing Notes:

  • "Discoteca" (single version) and "A Red Letter Day" (expanded single version) were previously unreleased.
  • "The Boy Who Couldn't Keep His Clothes On" (Danny Tenaglia international club mix) and "Somewhere" (extended mix) are identical to the versions featured on the 1997 reissue.

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Bilingual.<ref name="liner">Template:Cite AV media notes</ref>

Pet Shop Boys

Additional musicians Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

Technical Template:Div col

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Artwork

  • Mark Farrow Design – sleeve
  • Pet Shop Boys – sleeve
  • Chris Heath – photography
  • José Cea – photography

Further Listening 1995–1997

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Bilingual: Further Listening 1995–1997.<ref>Template:Cite AV media notes</ref>

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2 Additional musicians

Template:Col-2

Technical

Template:Col-end

The sampled lines in "Electricity" were taken from the 1942 film My Gal Sal and were spoken by Rita Hayworth. The film happened to be playing on television while the track was being recorded, and was not publicly identified until 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Charts

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2

Weekly charts

Template:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chart
Weekly chart performance for Bilingual
Chart (1996) Peak
position
Danish Albums (Hitlisten)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> 11
European Albums (Music & Media)<ref name="hitsworld">Template:Cite magazine</ref> 10
Italian Albums (Musica e dischi)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}} Select "Album" in the "Tipo" field, type "Pet Shop Boys" in the "Artista" field and press "cerca".</ref>

22
Japanese Albums (Oricon)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

23
Portuguese Albums (AFP)<ref name="hitsworld"/> 4
Spanish Albums (AFYVE)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> 15

Template:Col-2

Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for Bilingual
Chart (1996) Position
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

88

Template:Col-end

Certifications and sales

Template:Certification Table Top Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Summary Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Bottom

Release history

Release history for Bilingual
Region Date Format Label
United Kingdom 2 September 1996 Standard Parlophone
United States 10 September 1996<ref name="Billboard promo"/> Atlantic
United Kingdom 7 July 1997 Limited Parlophone

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Pet Shop Boys Template:Authority control

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