Blaine County, Oklahoma

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox U.S. county

Blaine County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,735.<ref name="QF">Template:Cite web</ref> Its county seat is Watonga.<ref name="GR6">Template:Cite web</ref> Part of the Cheyenne-Arapaho land opening in 1892, the county had gained rail lines by the early 1900s and highways by the 1930s.<ref name="blainepedia">Wilson, Linda D., "Blaine County,"," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.</ref><ref name="hwy"/> The county was named for James G. Blaine, an American politician who was the Republican presidential candidate in 1884 and Secretary of State under President Benjamin Harrison.<ref name="blainepedia"/>

History

Roman Nose State Park

Blaine County was one of several counties created by the Land Run of 1892. It was designated county "C" in 1890 before the land run.<ref name="county">Template:Cite web</ref> According to one account, the designation "C" remained until the first public elections in 1892. When the time came to choose another name for the county, there seemed to be roughly equal support for two military heroes: "Sheridan" and "Custer". Before voting began, the chair gave a stirring speech proposing Blaine, who had recently died and was a local favorite. The majority of voters swung behind Blaine's name, which was ultimately chosen for County C.<ref>Rainey, "George. "Naming Blaine County." Historia. vol. 1, no. 4. June 15, 1910. Accessed August 30, 2019.</ref> The area was settled by Creek and Seminole, whom the federal government relocated to the area in the 1820s and 1830s.<ref name="blainepedia"/> The Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes were relocated to the area from Colorado in 1869 after the Reconstruction Treaties of 1866 had taken the land back from the Creek and Seminole.<ref name="blainepedia"/>

The land run was held after giving members of the tribe allotments of Template:Convert each.<ref name="openpedia">Reggio, Michael H., "Cheyenne-Arapaho Opening," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.</ref>

A post office was established in the county seat of Watonga, the same year as the land run.<ref name="watongapedia">Crawford, Terri. "Watonga," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.</ref> The Enid and Anadarko Railway and the Blackwell, Enid, and Southwestern Railroad ran lines through the county from 1901 to 1903.<ref name="blainepedia"/> The Blaine County Courthouse was built in 1906.<ref name="watongapedia"/>

The town of Geary, which also received a post office in the same year as the land run, became an agricultural trade center in the county and had a population of 2,561 by 1902.<ref name="gearypedia">Rinehart, Merle. Geary," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.</ref> The town was home to "the oldest bank in Blaine County."<ref name="gearypedia"/> Okeene was also established in the year of the land run and was surrounded by farmers of German descent.<ref name="okeenepedia">Reynolds, W. Dale. "Okeene," [Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture], 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.</ref>

In 1904, Blaine County was the birthplace of voice actor Clarence Nash, the original voice of Disney's Donald Duck. The county's population was 17,227 in 1907, rising to 17,960 in 1910.<ref name="blainepedia"/> It had declined to 15,875 by 1920.<ref name="blainepedia"/>

The U.S. highway system reached Oklahoma in 1926.<ref name="hwy">Oklahoma's US Highways (accessed June 11, 2010).</ref> U.S. Highways 270 and 281 were constructed through Blaine County.<ref name="blainepedia"/> The county was also served by the Postal Highway as early as 1912; it later became part of U.S. Highway 66.<ref name="gearypedia"/>

The county's population peaked at 20,452 in 1930.<ref name="blainepedia"/> New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps employed county residents and built Roman Nose State Park, which opened in 1937.<ref name="blainepedia"/>

By the 21st century, the county had a population of 11,976.<ref name="blainepedia"/> Between 2010 and 2020, the population of Blaine County declined by 26.9 percent to 8,735. It was the largest decrease in percentage terms during the decade of any Oklahoma county.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Although population decreases are typical of most rural Oklahoma countries, much of the population decline of Blaine County from 2010 to 2020 was due to the closing in 2010 of a prison which was the largest employer in the county.<ref name="Wagner">Template:Cite web</ref>

Government

The county is served by seven elected county officials: a county sheriff, three county commissioners, a county clerk, a county assessor, and a county treasurer.<ref name="county"/> The three commissioners each have districts with approximately equal populations based on the latest census.<ref name="county"/> The county government is primarily housed in the Blaine County Courthouse in Watonga.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (1.1%) is water.<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref> The northeastern half of the county is located on the western edge of the Red Bed Plains while the southwestern half lies in the Gypsum Hills.<ref name="blainepedia"/> The North Canadian River runs through the county from northwest to southeast.<ref name="blainepedia"/>

The county includes the largest lake in western Oklahoma, Canton Lake.<ref>Blaine County Government Website, "Communities of Blaine County (accessed July 7, 2010).</ref>

The county seat of Watonga hosts an annual cheese festival in October, celebrating the city's cheese factory.<ref>Bates, Richenda Davis. "Watonga Cheese Festival," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.</ref>

Major highways

Adjacent counties

Demographics

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As of the census<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2000, there were 11,976 people, 4,159 households, and 2,865 families residing in the county, nearly half of them located in the county seat of Watonga. The population density of the county was Template:Convert. There were 5,208 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the county was 76.29% white, 8.70% Native American, 6.65% Black or African American, 0.71% Asian, 0.81% Pacific Islander, 2.86% from other races, and 3.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino individuals of any race made up 6.62% of the population.

There were 4,159 households, out of which 30.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them. Slightly more than half (56.20%) were married couples living together, nearly a third (29%) were made up of individuals, 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years or older, and 8.6% were run by a female with no husband present. The average household size was 2.50, and the average family size was 3.08.

The county's median age in 2000 was 38 years, with almost a third (28.6%) of the population aged 25 to 44. Individuals under the age of 18 made up 24% of the population, individuals aged 45 to 64 made up 21.4% of the population, individuals aged 65 or older made up 16.8% of the population, and individuals between the ages of 18 and 24 made up 9.1% of the population. There were slightly more males than females, with 119.3 males for every 100 females and 125 adult males (18 or older) for every 100 female adults.

The county's median income for a household in 2000 was $28,356, and the median income for a family was $34,565. Males had a median income of $26,284 versus $18,619 for females. The county's per capita income was $13,546. About 12.8 percent of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of May 31, 2023<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Party Number of Voters Percentage
Template:Party color cell Democratic 1,176 22.15%
Template:Party color cell Republican 3,390 63.85%
Template:Party color cell Others 743 14.00%
Total 5,309 100%

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Economy

Southard, located in central Blaine County, is the site of one of the purest gypsum deposits in the United States and is home to the U.S. Gypsum Company, the largest industrial plant in the county.<ref name="county"/>

Lying in the Cimarron Valley, Okeene's economy has been based on agriculture, primarily wheat and hay.<ref name="okeenepedia"/> Major manufacturing businesses are the Okeene Milling Company, Seaboard Farms, and Mountain Country Foods, a manufacturer of pet food.<ref name="okeenepedia"/> The Okeene Municipal Hospital and Clinic is one of the primary medical centers of northwest Oklahoma.<ref name="okeenepedia"/>

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated communities

Education

School districts include:<ref>Template:Cite web - Text list</ref>

NRHP sites

Template:Main The following sites in Blaine County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

References

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