Broadway Bridge (Portland, Oregon)

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The Broadway Bridge is a Rall-type bascule bridge spanning the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, United States, built in 1913. It was Portland's first bascule bridge, and it continues to hold the distinction of being the longest span of its bascule design type in the world.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 2012.<ref name=nrhp-weekly>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="oreg-2012nov">Template:Cite news</ref>

History and description

The bridge was anticipated to be the world's longest bascule bridge and there was competition between the Strauss, Scherzer, and Rall bascule design patent holders.<ref name="wood-wortman-2001">Template:Cite book</ref> The "Rall" was selected based on cost.<ref name = "Wood-Wortman">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Ralph Modjeski designed the structure,<ref>Glomb, Jozef; Peter J. Obst (Translator) (2002) (in English). A man who spanned two eras: The story of bridge engineer Ralph Modjeski. Philadelphia: Kosciuszko Foundation. Template:ISBN.</ref> which opened on April 22, 1913, at a cost of $1.6 million. It was the world's longest double-leaf bascule bridge, of any bascule type, at the time.<ref name = "Wood-Wortman"/> The bridge's name derives from the street it carries, Broadway, but at the time of the bridge's construction that street name was in use only east of the river. The westside portion of what is now Broadway had been named 7th Avenue, but was renamed Broadway when the bridge opened and connected the two streets.<ref name = "Wood-Wortman"/>

The bridge has four vehicle lanes (two lanes in each direction) that in 2006 carried about 30,000 vehicles per day.<ref name = "Wood-Wortman"/> It is also a major bicycle route over the river with more than 2,000 crossings daily in 2005,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and has a pair of Template:Convert wide sidewalks. On average, the bridge's draw span is opened about 25 times a month.<ref name="wood-wortman-2001"/>

In 1927–28, a Template:Convert-long<ref name=oreg-1999jun10>Template:Cite news</ref> viaduct was built from the bridge's west deck, extending due west above Lovejoy Street to 14th Avenue, providing access to and from the bridge that had previously been blocked by railroad yards. This viaduct was known as the Lovejoy Ramp. A shorter ramp rising from Northwest 10th Avenue at Irving Street and connecting to the easternmost portion of the new Lovejoy viaduct was built in 1927, but not opened, due to delays to the start of work on the Lovejoy viaduct's western section (west of 10th),<ref>"Broadway Bridge Traffic Resumed; Ramp [to 10th] to Stay Closed" (December 19, 1927). The Morning Oregonian, p. 8.</ref> and did not open until October 1928.<ref>"Ramp to Be Dedicated; Tenth Street Approach to Be Thrown Open" (October 17, 1928). The Morning Oregonian, p. 13.</ref> Construction of the long viaduct section from 10th to 14th began in mid-1928, and the viaduct opened in December 1928.<ref>"Lovejoy Ramp Opened; Whole Length of Structure Now Ready for Use" (December 4, 1928). The Morning Oregonian, p. 1.</ref>

The bridge was originally black, in common with the nearby Steel and Hawthorne spans, but Portland architect Lewis Crutcher suggested in 1961 that each have its own distinct color.<ref name=oreg-editorial-1961oct>Editorial (October 12, 1961). "'Singing' Bridges". The Oregonian, p. 24.</ref> The Broadway Bridge was repainted "Golden Gate" red<ref name = "Wood-Wortman"/><ref name="oreg-editorial-1962may">Editorial (May 28, 1962). "Orange-Red Bridge". The Oregonian, p. 16.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (also known as international orange)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in 1963.<ref name=oreg1963jun20>"Broadway Span To Shut Sunday" (June 20, 1963). The Oregonian, Section 2, p. 12.</ref>

The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 2012.<ref name=nrhp-weekly/><ref name="oreg-2012nov"/>

Public transit use

Streetcars originally crossed the bridge from its opening in 1913 until 1940,<ref name="robust">Wood, Sharon M. (April 23, 1984). "Robust Broadway Bridge celebrates 71st year in fine shape". The Oregonian, p. B5.</ref> but by at least 1944, the abandoned tracks had been removed or paved over. Work to reinstall tracks began in 2010,<ref name="streetcar work"/> and streetcar service across the bridge resumed in 2012.<ref name="streetcar-eastside">Template:Cite news</ref> The Broadway Bridge was also used by trolley buses, from 1937 to 1958.<ref name="TrolleyCoachNA">Template:Cite book</ref> In addition to the Portland Streetcar's A Loop and B Loop lines, one TriMet bus route currently uses the bridge, route 17-Broadway.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Modifications and repairs

Because it is such a complicated bridge there have been frequent repairs to its structure and mechanicals. In 1948, the concrete deck was replaced with steel grating. During 1982, bicycle access was improved through an $18,000 signal and sidewalk upgrade. In order to improve access and reduce energy costs, the sidewalks and lighting were replaced in 2000–2001.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Lovejoy Ramp, the long viaduct to and from 14th Avenue, was removed in 1999 as part of a $12.4 million<ref name=oreg-2002may3>Template:Cite news</ref> reconstruction, intended to open up the site of the by-then-abandoned railroad yards for redevelopment.<ref name="eulogy for ramp">Template:Cite news</ref> It was rebuilt as a much shorter Lovejoy ramp, from 9th Avenue, which opened in May 2002.<ref name=oreg-2002may3/> A $28 million renovation began in February 2003. Included in this was the replacement of steel grating with a fiber-reinforced polymer composite material called DuraSpan, made by Martin Marietta Materials.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> The renovation was completed in February 2005.

In July 2010, the bridge was closed to all traffic for two months in order to begin re-installing streetcar infrastructure, for an expansion of the Portland Streetcar system.<ref name="streetcar work">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="bdwy-update">Template:Cite news</ref> Progress was sufficient to reopen two of four lanes of the bridge on September 4.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Streetcar-related construction continued through 2011, including installation of the overhead power equipment. The new streetcar line opened in September 2012 and was known as the CL Line (Central Loop);<ref name="streetcar-eastside"/> in 2015, its name was changed to A Loop (clockwise) and B Loop (counterclockwise).

In popular culture

The Broadway Bridge is prominently featured in the climax of the film Untraceable (2008).<ref name="katu">KATU review: The Broadway Bridge stars in "Untraceable"</ref> In the film, FBI agent Jennifer Marsh (Diane Lane) becomes stranded on the east end of the bridge after an online serial killer hacks into her car's computer.<ref name="youtube">YouTube video: "On the Broadway Bridge"</ref> The scene was filmed both on location as well as on a studio sound stage. The bridge is also a setting for the 1996 film Foxfire, its most notable appearance being in the final scene when Legs Sadovsky (Angelina Jolie) and Maddy Wirtz (Hedy Burress) decide to part ways.Template:Citation needed