Brookesia

Brookesia is a genus of chameleons, lizards in the family Chamaeleonidae. The genus is endemic to Madagascar. Member species range from small to very small in size, and are known collectively as leaf chameleons (though this common name is also used for species in the genera Rieppeleon and Rhampholeon). Brookesia includes species considered to be the world's smallest chameleons, and are also among the smallest reptilesTemplate:Broken anchor. Members of the genus Brookesia are largely brown, and most are essentially terrestrial.

A significant percentage of the species in the genus were only identified to science within the last three decades, and a number of species that still have not received a scientific name are known to exist. Most inhabit very small ranges in areas that are difficult to access, and due to their small size and secretive nature, they have been relatively poorly studied compared to their larger relatives.

Brookesia are abundant in low-disturbance riparian zones<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and low-disturbance rainforests. Brookesia are scarce in high-disturbance forests<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> recovering from burning. As of 2024, Brookesia nofy is the most recently described new species in the subfamily Brookesiinae.<ref name=Bnofy>Template:Cite journal</ref> A different species, B. nana, is the first chameleon known not to change colors.Template:Citation needed

Etymology

The generic name Brookesia is in honor of British naturalist Joshua Brookes.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. Template:ISBN. (Genus Brookesia, p. 40).</ref>

Conservation status

Most Brookesia are on CITES Appendix II, the only exception being B. perarmata on Appendix I (a species also listed as endangered and a newly discovered Brookesia nana listed as Critically Endangered<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> by IUCN). Consequently, a special permit is required to import any of the below species from their native Madagascar, and typically no permit is issued for B. perarmata.

Species

Brookesia desperata female, stress-coloured, with two recently laid eggs.

Brookesia nana (male), the world's smallest known reptile species

Males (left) and females (right) of four Brookesia species described in 2012, all belonging to the B. minima species group: A-B B. tristis, C-D B. confidens, E-F B. micra, G-H B. desperata<ref name="Glaw 2012">Template:Cite journal</ref>

The genus Brookesia contains the following 32 species which are recognized as being valid.<ref>Template:EMBL genus. www.reptile-database.org</ref>

• Brookesia antakarana – Antakarana Leaf Chameleon Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995
• Brookesia bekolosy – Bekolosy Leaf Chameleon Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995
• Brookesia betschi – Blank's Leaf Chameleon Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1974
• Brookesia bonsi – Namoroka Leaf Chameleon Ramanantsoa, 1980
• Brookesia brunoi – Anja Reserve Leaf Chameleon Crottini et al., 2012
• Brookesia brygooi Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995 – leaf chameleon or Brygoo's chameleon
• Brookesia confidens Glaw et al., 2012<ref name = "Glaw 2012"/>
• Brookesia decaryi Angel, 1939 – spiny leaf chameleon
• Brookesia dentata Mocquard, 1900 – toothed leaf chameleon
• Brookesia desperata Glaw et al., 2012<ref name = "Glaw 2012"/>
• Brookesia ebenaui (Boettger, 1880) – northern leaf chameleon
• Brookesia exarmata Schimmenti & Jesu, 1996
• Brookesia griveaudi Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1974 – Marojejy leaf chameleon
• Brookesia karchei Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1970 – naturelle leaf chameleon
• Brookesia lambertoni Brygoo & Domergue, 1970 – Fito leaf chameleon
• Brookesia lineata Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995
• Brookesia micra Glaw et al., 2012<ref name = "Glaw 2012"/>
• Brookesia minima Boettger, 1893 – minute leaf chameleon
• Brookesia nana Glaw et al., 2021 – Nano-chameleon
• Brookesia nofy Rakotoarison et al., 2024
• Brookesia perarmata (Angel, 1933) – Antsingy leaf chameleon
• Brookesia peyrierasi Brygoo & Domergue, 1974 – Peyrieras's leaf chameleon
• Brookesia ramanantsoai Brygoo & Domergue, 1975 – Ramanantsoa's minute leaf chameleon
• Brookesia stumpffi Boettger, 1894 – plated leaf chameleon
• Brookesia superciliaris (Kuhl, 1820) – brown leaf chameleon
• Brookesia tedi Scherz, J. Kohler, Rakotoarison, Glaw & Vences, 2019
• Brookesia therezieni Brygoo & Domergue, 1970 – Perinet leaf chameleon
• Brookesia thieli Brygoo & Domergue, 1969 – Domergue's leaf chameleon
• Brookesia tristis Glaw et al., 2012<ref name = "Glaw 2012"/>
• Brookesia tuberculata Mocquard, 1894 – Mount d'Ambre leaf chameleon
• Brookesia vadoni Brygoo & Domergue, 1968 – Iaraka River leaf chameleon, mossy pygmy leaf chameleon
• Brookesia valerieae Raxworthy, 1991 – Raxworthy's leaf chameleon

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Brookesia.

See also

• Island dwarfism

Further reading

• Gray JE (1864). "Revision of the Genera and Species of Chamæleonidæ, with the Description of some New Species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864: 465–477 + Plates XXXI & XXXII. (Brookesia, new genus, pp. 476–477).

External links

• CITES: Appendices I, II and III. Accessed 23-01-2009.
• Glaw F, Vences M (2007). A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar, Third Edition. Cologne, Germany: Vences & Glaw Verlag. 496 pp. Template:ISBN.