Broumov

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}}Template:Main other{{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:ParameterCount|main|mapframe|image_map|image_map1|pushpin_map}} >2 |Template:Main other}} Broumov ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Langx) is a town in Náchod District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,100 inhabitants. There are three important historic buildings, protected as national cultural monuments: the Benedictine monastery, the Church of the Virgin Mary and the Church of Saint Wenceslaus. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Administrative division

Broumov consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col

• Broumov (2,072)
• Benešov (106)
• Kolonie 5. května (213)
• Nové Město (1,631)
• Olivětín (1,018)
• Poříčí (405)
• Rožmitál (162)
• Velká Ves (1,267)

Etymology

The name is derived from the old Czech personal name Brum (also written as Brúm, Brun, Brún).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Geography

Broumov is located about Template:Convert northeast of Náchod and Template:Convert south of the Polish city of Wałbrzych. The municipal territory shortly borders Poland in the north. It lies in the Broumov Highlands. The highest point is the hill Bobří vrch at Template:Convert above sea level. The Ścinawka River flows through the town. The territory lies entirely in the Broumovsko Protected Landscape Area.

Climate

Broumov's climate is classified as humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb; Trewartha: Dclo). Among them, the annual average temperature is Template:Convert, the hottest month in July is Template:Convert, and the coldest month is Template:Convert in January. The annual precipitation is Template:Convert, of which July is the wettest with Template:Convert, while February is the driest with only Template:Convert. The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from Template:Convert on 27 January 1954 to Template:Convert on 28 July 2013.<ref name=extremes>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

History

13h–14th centuries

Town hall

In 1213, King Ottokar I had granted the remote area around today's Broumov and Police nad Metují to the Benedictine monks of Břevnov Monastery in Prague, who began to colonize the lands. The wooden Church of the Virgin Mary already stood here. Broumov was probably founded in 1255.<ref name=history>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Broumov was first mentioned in 1256 and already referred to as a market village.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was a centre of trade, crafts and administration of the abbatial estates.<ref name=hist>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1275, the drapers in Broumov received from King Ottokar II the privilege of producing and selling cloth, and the production soon began to be exported. This laid the foundation for the textile industry in the region.<ref name=history/>

Many fires broke out and destroyed the original buildings except for the Church of the Virgin Mary and damaged the local castle. In 1305 and following years, the castle was largely rebuilt and extended by one of the abbots into a fortified monastery complex with an abbey and Church of Saint Adalbert.<ref name=hist/> The town became the administrative centre of the abbey's manors. In 1348, it received privileges by King Charles IV similar to royal towns.<ref name=history/> From 1357 to 1380, the town walls were built.<ref name=history/>

15th–18th centuries

Eastern part of the town

The Broumov Monastery remained strongly tied to Břevnov Monastery, from where the monks fled during the Hussite Wars in 1420 to Broumov. The town was besieged by Hussites, but never conquered. However, it suffered losses and had to invest heavily in strengthening the walls. During the 15th century, Broumov was affected by war conflicts over the Bohemian throne. In the 16th century, the cloth production flourished and until the Thirty Years' War, the town was known as one of the biggest Bohemian producers and exporters of this article. Thanks to the wealth, it was possible to carry out renaissance repairs and build stone houses after the great fire in 1549.<ref name=hist/><ref name=history/>

It was incorporated into the Habsburg monarchy in 1526. During the Thirty Years' War, the town was damaged and looted several times. Thanks to good work of abbots between 1663 and 1738, the town recovered and reached economic prosperity. Broumov again suffered in the Silesian Wars from 1740 onwards, when troops of the Prussian Army plundered it and upon the 1742 Treaty of Breslau, the adjacent lands of Silesia and Kłodzko were cut off by the newly established Austro-Prussian border. The wars stopped most of the cloth manufactury.<ref name=hist/><ref name=history/>

19th–20th centuries

With Bohemia, the town became part of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and Austria-Hungary in 1867. From 1868 it was the administrative seat of Braunau District, one of 94 districts in the Austrian Kingdom of Bohemia.<ref>Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967</ref> After the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, more than 400 citizens emigrated to Latin America, especially to Chile, where the village of Nueva Braunau was established near Puerto Varas in 1875.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

During the first half of the 19th century, the built-up area of the town stretched outside the town walls. In the late 19th century, the industrialization started and new factories were established. Textile factories have become the mainstay of the economy.<ref name=hist/><ref name=history/>

In 1871–1874, more than 400 inhabitants of Broumov emigrated to Latin America and founded the village of Nueva Braunau in Chile in 1875.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Upon World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, Broumov with its predominantly German population became part of the new state of Czechoslovakia according to the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain. After the Munich Agreement, Broumov was occupied by Nazi Germany in October 1938 and incorporated into Reichsgau Sudetenland.

Pursuant to the Beneš decrees, the German-speaking population was expelled, including the monastery's monks, who re-established the Braunau in Rohr Abbey in Bavaria. The Broumov Monastery was finally abolished in 1950; after the Velvet Revolution of 1989, the premises were returned to the Benedictines.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Economy

The tradition of the textile industry continues to this day. The main employers in the town are the textile company Veba and its subsidiary Vebatrade-Plus.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Transport

Broumov is the starting point of the railway line Broumov–Starkoč via Náchod.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Sights

Broumov monastery

Wooden Church of the Virgin Mary

Broumov has preserved historical centre similar to Silesian towns with a large rectangular market square with two parallel main streets running from both sides of the square and converging at both gates located on the opposite sides of the town.<ref name=hist/> Throughout the perimeter of the old town are preserved fragments of town walls. The town hall on the square was originally from the 13th century and one of the oldest in Bohemia. Its current appearance is a result of many reconstructions, the last are from 1839 and 1994. In the historic centre there are many valuable burghers' houses, originally in the Gothic style and rebuilt in 16th, 18th and 19th centuries.<ref name=sights>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Benedictine Monastery of Saint Wenceslaus from the early 14th century was rebuilt in Baroque style to plans by Christoph Dientzenhofer, continued by his son, Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer in 1728–1738. Today the monastery houses the regional museum. The monastery garden is also accessible. The Church of Saint Adalbert in the monastery complex dates from 1357 and was baroque rebuilt in 1684–1694.<ref name=hist/><ref name=sights/> For its value, the monastery is protected as a national cultural monument.<ref name=ncm>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Besides the monastery church, there are four other significant churches in the town. The rarest is the wooden Church of the Virgin Mary, which is a national cultural monument.<ref name=ncm/> This cemetery church was founded at the latest in the early 13th century. It was rebuilt in 1450<ref name=church>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> or 1459<ref name=sights/> after it was burnt down by the Hussites, and repaired in 1779. It is one of the oldest wooden sacral buildings in central Europe. The church is exceptional not only for its age, but also for its construction technique. It does not contain any nails and is formed by half-timbered structure made of massive oak beams. It includes a gallery with Renaissance and Empire tombstones.<ref name=church/><ref name=sights/>

The Church of Saint Wenceslaus was built in 1728–1729 according to the design made by K. I. Dientzenhofer. It replaced an old wooden Protestant church, abolished in 1618. The church it the third building in the town protected as a national cultural monument.<ref name=ncm/>

The Church of Saint Peter and Paul was first mentioned in 1258. The church was replaced by a stone building in the 14th century and it rebuilt in Baroque style in 1679–1680. The tower was added in 1682.<ref name=sights/>

The Church of the Holy Spirit was first mentioned in the 14th century. The originally wooden church was replaced in 1689 by the current stone building.<ref name=sights/>

Notable people

• Julius Lippert (1839–1909), historian
• Alois Jirásek (1851–1930), writer; attended school at Broumov Monastery
• Amadeus Webersinke (1920–2005), pianist
• Jiří Petr (1931–2014), agroscientist; attended school at Broumov
• Peter K. Vogt (born 1932), American molecular biologist and virologist
• Christian Feest (born 1945), ethnologist
• Pavel Krmaš (born 1980), footballer
• Hynek Martinec (born 1980), Czech-British painter
• Tomáš Pöpperle (born 1984), ice hockey player

Twin towns – sister cities

Template:See also Broumov is twinned with:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Template:Flagicon Forchheim, Germany (patronage for the town's expellees since 1955)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Template:Flagicon Nowa Ruda, Poland

External links

• Template:Official
• Broumov region official tourist portal
• Broumov airport