Brown Eyed Girl

Template:Short description Template:About Template:Use Hiberno-English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox song "Brown Eyed Girl" is a song by Northern Irish singer and songwriter Van Morrison. Written by Morrison and recorded in March 1967, it was released as a single in June of the same year on the Bang label, peaking at No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song spent a total of sixteen weeks on the chart.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> It featured the Sweet Inspirations singing back-up vocals and is considered to be Van Morrison's signature song.<ref>Yorke, Into the Music, p. 42</ref>

Recording and title

After finishing his contract with Decca Records and the mid-1966 break-up of his band, Them, Morrison returned to Belfast seeking a new recording company. When he received a phone call from Bert Berns, owner of Bang Records, who had produced a number of recordings with Them, he flew to New York City and hastily signed a contract (which biographer Clinton Heylin says probably still gives him sleepless nights).<ref>Heylin, Can You Feel the Silence. p. 144–147</ref> During a two-day recording session starting 28 March 1967, he recorded eight songs intended to be used as four singles.<ref>Turner, Too Late to Stop Now. p. 76</ref> The recording session took place at A & R Studios and "Brown Eyed Girl" was captured on the 22nd take on the first day.<ref>Heylin, Can You Feel the Silence?, p. 152</ref> Of the musicians Berns had assembled, there were two guitarists – Hugh McCracken<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Rogan, No Surrender. p. 199</ref> and Al Gorgoni – plus bassist Russ Savakus and organist Garry Sherman, as well as Gary Chester on drums.<ref name="auto">Heylin, Can You Feel the Silence?. p. 150</ref> It was released as a single in mid-June 1967.<ref>Rogan, No Surrender. p. 201</ref>

Originally titled "Brown-Skinned Girl",<ref name = "SpenceCut103">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Morrison changed it to "Brown Eyed Girl" when he recorded it. Morrison remarked on the title change: "That was just a mistake. It was a kind of Jamaican song. Calypso. It just slipped my mind [that] I changed the title."<ref name="CollisPage81">Collis, Inarticulate Speech of the Heart. p81.</ref> "After we'd recorded it, I looked at the tape box and didn't even notice that I'd changed the title. I looked at the box where I'd lain it down with my guitar and it said 'Brown Eyed Girl' on the tape box. It's just one of those things that happen."<ref>Rogan, No Surrender. p. 43</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Composition

Template:Listen The song's nostalgic lyrics about a former love were considered too suggestive at the time to be played on many radio stations. A radio-edit of the song was released which removed the lyrics "making love in the green grass", replacing them with "laughin' and a-runnin', hey hey" from a previous verse. This edited version appears on some copies of the compilation album The Best of Van Morrison. However, the remastered album seemsTemplate:Clarify to have the bowdlerised lyrics in the packaging but the original "racy" lyrics on the disc. Lyrically, it "shows early hints of the idealized pastoral landscapes that would flow through his songs through the decades, a tendency that links him to the Romantic poets, whom Morrison has cited as an influence".<ref>Hage, The Words and Music of Van Morrison, pp. 33–34</ref> There is also mention of "the Hollow" in the first verse, a park and waterway location in Bloomfield, East Belfast, about 200 metres from where Morrison grew up in Hyndford Street.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Aftermath

Because of a contract he signed with Bang Records without legal advice, Morrison states that he has never received any royalties for writing or recording this song.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The contract made him liable for virtually all recording expenses incurred for all of his Bang Records recordings before royalties would be paid.<ref>Heylin, Can You Feel the Silence. p. 148</ref> Morrison vented frustration about this unjust contract in his sarcastic nonsense song "The Big Royalty Check". Morrison has stated that "Brown Eyed Girl" is not among his favourite songs, remarking "it's not one of my best. I mean I've got about 300 songs that I think are better".<ref>Template:Cite videoTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

To capitalise on the success of the single, producer Berns assembled the album Blowin' Your Mind! without Morrison's input or knowledge. Released in September 1967, the album contained the single as its lead-off track as well as songs recorded by Morrison at the March recording sessions for Berns. The album peaked at No. 182 on the Billboard 200.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Legacy

Morrison's original recording of "Brown Eyed Girl" has remained widely familiar, as the uncensored version of the song is regularly played by many "oldies" and "classic rock" radio stations. In 2011, "Brown Eyed Girl" was honoured for having 10 million US radio air plays; it was one of only ten songs registered with BMI to have received that number of radio plays.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As of 2015, "Brown Eyed Girl" remains the most downloaded and most played song of the entire 1960s decade.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> As of 2020, the song remains one of the longest-surviving songs from the 1960s in recurrent rotation in an era when the music of that decade has become increasingly rare as oldies stations have transitioned to 1970s and 1980s classic hits.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Paul Williams included "Brown Eyed Girl" in his book Rock and Roll: The 100 Best Singles,<ref>Williams, Rock and Roll: The 100 Best Singles. p. 122</ref> writing that:

I was going to say this is a song about sex, and it is, and a song about youth and growing up, and memory, and it's also—very much and very wonderfully—a song about singing.

This song proved to be the impetus for Morrison's career.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was his first single after leaving his position as lead singer for the Belfast-formed Them and led to his relocation to the United States and an eventual contract with Warner Bros. Records.

Critical acclaim and influence

In a contemporaneous review, Billboard described the single as an "exciting debut" and a "groovy piece of original rock material that should fast establish [Morrison] as a top disk seller and writer".<ref name=bb>Template:Cite news</ref> Cash Box said that "scores of deejays and consumers should dig this hard, thumping lid."<ref name=cb>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Record World said that Morrison "socks across 'Brown Eyed Girl' with plenty of beat."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

In his 1989 book The Heart of Rock and Soul, The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever, Dave Marsh rated "Brown Eyed Girl" No. 386.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1999, Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) listed it as one of the Top 100 Songs of the Century.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2000, it was listed at No. 21 on the Rolling Stone/MTV list of 100 Greatest Pop Songs<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and as No. 49 on VH1's list of the 100 Greatest Rock Songs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2001, it was ranked No. 131 as one of the RIAAs Songs of the Century, a list of the top 365 songs of the 20th century chosen with historical significance in mind.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2010, "Brown Eyed Girl" was ranked No. 110 on the Rolling Stone magazine list of 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.<ref name="RS500GRSONGS">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was listed as No. 79 on the All Time 885 Greatest Songs compiled by WXPN from listeners' votes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In January 2007, "Brown Eyed Girl" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.<ref name="Grammy Hall of Fame">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is also one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.<ref name="The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Charts

Year	Billboard		Canada	UK Singles Chart
	Hot 100	Hot Ringtones	RPM
1967	10<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	—	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	—
2006	—	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	—	—
2013	—	—	—	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Personnel

The musicians include:<ref name="auto"/>

• Van Morrison – lead and backing vocals
• Al Gorgoni – electric lead guitar
• Hugh McCracken – acoustic rhythm guitar
• Russ Savakus – bass guitar
• Garry Sherman – organ
• Gary Chester – drums
• The Sweet Inspirations – backing vocals
  • Cissy Houston
  • Sylvia Shemwell
  • Estelle Brown
  • Myrna Smith

El Chicano version

Template:Infobox song El Chicano remade "Brown Eyed Girl" for their 1972 album Celebration. Kapp Records had invited music journalist Don Buday to produce the album, being impressed by Buday's writings on El Chicano: Buday had the group remake "Brown Eyed Girl" and also the Cream hit "I Feel Free" "[to try] to give [El Chicano] more of a rock-and-roll identity".<ref>Cashbox Vol 33 #45 (29 April 1972) "Insight & Sound" pp. 14, 32</ref> Journeyman recording engineer Val Garay, who had his first engineering assignment producing Celebration, would recall that "Don got this brilliant idea of [remaking] 'Brown Eyed Girl'...kind of like the 'Mexican Everly Brothers'."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Released as the album's lead single, "Brown Eyed Girl" peaked at No. 45 on the Billboard Hot 100. Chicanismo scholar Dionne Espinoza opined that the El Chicano version of "Brown Eyed Girl" turned the song into "an affirmation of the beauty of brown[-skinned] women".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Iain Matthews version

British singer/songwriter Iain Matthews remade "Brown Eyed Girl" for his 1976 album Go for Broke<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> from which it was issued as the lead single, becoming a hit in the Netherlands (No. 22)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and in New Zealand (No. 25).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Other versions

An Adult Contemporary hit (No. 13) for Jimmy Buffett as recorded for his One Particular Harbour album (1983),<ref name="whitburn2013">Template:Cite book</ref> "Brown Eyed Girl" was a 1984 C&W hit for Joe Stampley (No. 29).<ref name="whitburn2013"/>

Freddy Curci reached number 31 in Canada with his version in July 1994.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

"Brown Eyed Girl" has been performed by a wide variety of other artists, including Adele,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> John Anderson,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Black Sorrows,<ref name="PlagiMusicali">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Busted,<ref name="PlagiMusicali"/> Billy Ray Cyrus,<ref>Billboard Billboard Vol 119 #30 (28 July 2007) p. 47</ref> Ellert Driessen (nl),<ref name="PlagiMusicali"/> Everclear,<ref name="PlagiMusicali"/> Caroline Jones,<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> Roberto Jordán (as "La Chica De Los Ojos Cafés" _Spanish),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Bertie Higgins,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ronan Keating,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Brian Kennedy,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Lagwagon,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Glen Medeiros,<ref name="PlagiMusicali"/> Reel Big Fish,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Johnny Rivers,<ref name="PlagiMusicali"/> Shooting Gallery,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Bruce Springsteen,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Steel Pulse,<ref name="PlagiMusicali"/> U2<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Els Pets (as "Ulls De Color Mel" _Catalan).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In popular culture

• The song has been featured in several popular films, including The Big Chill (1983), Born on the Fourth of July (1989),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Sleeping with the Enemy (1991).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• The song was featured in the spoof film Fatal Instinct (1993), as a scene where Ned Ravine (Armand Assante) dances<ref>Fatal Instinct - Brown Eyed Girl</ref>to the tune in a pair of red high heeled pumps.
• When Boris Johnson was mayor of London, he listed the song as one of his eight Desert Island Discs on BBC Radio 4.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fashion designer Betty Jackson also included the song on her list in 2002,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> as did British actor, comedian and singer Hugh Laurie on in 2013.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• In April 2005, the White House announced that "Brown Eyed Girl" got regular rotation on George W. Bush's iPod. Morrison announced before a university performance in England: "Yeah, it's good to hear things like that, you know. But I would have preferred if it was a new song."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
• In March 2009, former US president Bill Clinton picked "Brown Eyed Girl" as the top pick on his list of favourite ten tunes included on his signed iPod donated for a charity auction for musical victims of Hurricane Katrina.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• The song was played at the end of the funeral for comedian Rik Mayall in June 2014.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• The song is featured as a playable track in the 2015 video game Rock Band 4.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• In Graeme Simsion's 2017 novel The Best of Adam Sharp, Adam is playing "Brown Eyed Girl" when he first meets Angelina, and it is the song he plays over the phone when they reconnect 22 years later.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Bibliography

• Collis, John (1996). Inarticulate Speech of the Heart, Little Brown and Company, Template:ISBN
• Template:Cite book
• Hage, Erik (2009). The Words and Music of Van Morrison, Praeger Publishers, Template:ISBN
• Heylin, Clinton (2003). Can You Feel the Silence? Van Morrison: A New Biography, Chicago Review Press Template:ISBN
• Rogan, Johnny (2006). Van Morrison: No Surrender, London:Vintage Books Template:ISBN
• Turner, Steve (1993). Van Morrison: Too Late to Stop Now, Viking Penguin, Template:ISBN
• Williams, Paul (1993). Rock and Roll: The 100 Best Singles, Carroll & Graf Publishers, Inc., Template:ISBN
• Yorke, Ritchie (1975). Into The Music, London:Charisma Books, Template:ISBN