Bucinator muscle
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The buccinator (Template:IPAc-en<ref>OED 2nd edition, 1989.</ref><ref>Entry "buccinator" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.</ref> or musculus bucinatorius) is a thin quadrilateral muscle occupying the interval between the maxilla and the mandible at the side of the face. It forms the anterior part of the cheek or the lateral wall of the oral cavity.<ref name=":0">Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, page 91</ref>
Structure
It arises from the outer surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible, corresponding to the three pairs of molar teeth and in the mandible, it is attached upon the bucinator crest posterior to the third molar;<ref>Google Books Woelfel's Dental Anatomy: Its Relevance to dentistry, Rickne C. Scheid, Julian B. Woelfel.</ref> and behind, from the anterior border of the pterygomandibular raphe which separates it from the constrictor pharyngis superior.
The fibers converge toward the angle of the mouth, where the central fibers intersect each other, those from below being continuous with the upper segment of the orbicularis oris, and those from above with the lower segment; the upper and lower fibers are continued forward into the corresponding lip without decussation.
Innervation
Motor innervation is from the buccal branch of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). Sensory innervation is supplied by the buccal branch (one of the muscular branches) of the mandibular part of the trigeminal (cranial nerve V).<ref>Grant's Dissector, Fourteenth Edition, page 204</ref>
Function
Its purpose is to pull back the angle of the mouth and to flatten the cheek area, which aids in holding the cheek to the teeth during chewing. This action causes the muscle to keep food pushed back on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth, as when a person chews. By keeping the food in the correct position when chewing, the bucinator assists the muscles of mastication.<ref name=":0" />
It aids whistling and smiling, and in neonates it is used to suckle.
Structures piercing the bucinator
- Parotid duct (Stenson's duct)
- Molar glands of cheeks
- Buccal branch of mandibular nerve
Etymology
A buccinator in classical Latin is a trumpeter,<ref name="Lewis & Short">Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref> or more precisely, the person who blows the bucina.<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> The name bucina could refer in Roman antiquity to a crooked horn or trumpet,<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> a shepherd's horn<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> or a war-trumpet.<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> Despite its similarity to the classical Latin name for cheek, i.e. bucca,<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> the words bucinator, bucina, and bucinere (to blow the bucina<ref name="Lewis & Short"/>) are not related to bucca,<ref name="Stieve1949">Stieve, H. (1949). Nomina Anatomica. Zusammengestellt von der im Jahre 1923 gewählten Nomenklatur-Kommission, unter Berücksichtigung der Vorschläge der Mitglieder der Anatomischen Gesellschaft, der Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, sowie der American Association of Anatomists, überprüft und durch Beschluß der Anatomischen Gesellschaft auf der Tagung in Jena 1935 endgúltig angenommen. (4th edition). Jena: Verlag Gustav Fischer.</ref> hence some disapproved the spelling buccinator.<ref name="Stieve1949"/> Although the name bucinator is not derived from bucca, this muscle is also called musculus buccae <ref name="Schreger">Schreger, C.H.Th.(1805). Synonymia anatomica. Synonymik der anatomischen Nomenclatur. Fürth: im Bureau für Literatur.</ref> or musculus buccalis <ref name="Foster1891">Template:Cite book</ref> in Latin and muscle of the cheek <ref name="Schreger"/> in English.
The first edition of Terminologia Anatomica,<ref name="FCAT">Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998). Terminologia Anatomica. Stuttgart: Thieme</ref> and preceding editions (Nomina Anatomica)<ref name="NA3">International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1966). Nomina Anatomica. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation.</ref><ref name="NA4">International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1977). Nomina Anatomica, together with Nomina Histologica and Nomina Embryologica. Amsterdam-Oxford: Excerpta Med</ref> <ref name="NA5">International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1983). Nomina Anatomica, together with Nomina Histologica and Nomina Embryologica. Baltimore/London: Williams & Wilkins</ref><ref name="NA6">International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1989). Nomina Anatomica, together with Nomina Histologica and Nomina Embryologica. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.</ref> dictate the spelling 'buccinator' with double 'c', with the exception of the Jena Nomina Anatomica, authorized in 1935, which writes 'musculus bucinatorius' <ref name="Stieve1949"/> with a single 'c'. The second edition of Terminologia Anatomica published in 2019 adopted the spelling 'bucinator' with a single 'c'.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Additional images
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Left maxilla, outer surface
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Mandible, outer surface, side view
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Scheme showing arrangement of fibers of orbicularis oris
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The internal carotid and vertebral arteries, right side
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Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves and the submaxillary ganglion
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Mandibular division of the trifacial nerve
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The mouth cavity: The cheeks have been slit transversely and the tongue pulled forward.
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Position of buccinator muscle (red)
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Position of buccinator muscle (red)
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Position of buccinator muscle (red)
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Buccinator muscle
References
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External links
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