Bujumbura

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Bujumbura (Template:IPA; Template:IPA), formerly Usumbura, is the economic capital, former political capital, largest city and main port of Burundi. It ships most of the country's chief export, coffee, as well as cotton and tin ore. Bujumbura was formerly the country's political capital. In late December 2018, Burundian president Pierre Nkurunziza announced that he would follow through on a 2007 promise to return Gitega its former political capital status, with Bujumbura remaining as economical capital and center of commerce. A vote in the Parliament of Burundi made the change official on 16 January 2019, and as of late 2025, the transition is still ongoing, having estimated to end in 2022.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Update inline

History

Template:See also Template:Expand section Bujumbura grew from a small village after it became a military post in German East Africa in 1889. After World War I it was made the administrative center and de facto capital of the Belgian League of Nations mandate of Ruanda-Urundi. The name was changed from Usumbura to Bujumbura upon Burundi's independence in 1962.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 72</ref> Since independence, Bujumbura was the scene of frequent fighting between the country's two main ethnic groups, with Hutu militias opposing the Tutsi-dominated Burundi Army during the Burundian Civil War in the early 90s.

Geography

Lake Tanganyika

Bujumbura is on the north-eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, the second deepest lake in the world after Lake Baikal. The city also lies at the mouth of the Ruzizi River and the smaller Mutimbuzi River, Ntahangwa, Muha and Kanyosha Rivers.

Climate

Bujumbura has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw)<ref name="Climate-Data.org">Template:Cite web</ref> bordering on hot semi-arid (BSh). There are distinct wet and dry seasons; the wet season being from October to April. Being close to the equator, average temperatures in the city vary little over the year, though they are affected by its altitude. The high temperature is around Template:Convert and the low around Template:Convert.

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Bujumbura panorama

Administration

Downtown Bujumbura
A beach in Bujumbura on the north side of Lake Tanganyika

Bujumbura is governed by a community council and community administrator. It is further divided into three communes, or neighborhoods, each with its own council and council leader.<ref>Template:Usurped</ref>

Each of the three current communes were created from the 13 former communes (currently sub-communes), due to a 2014 reorganization, which in turn are further sub-divided into villages or zones:<ref>https://www.refworld.org/docid/57f792e34.html Refworld | Burundi: List of all the neighbourhoods of Bujumbura, including the ethnicity and socio-economic status of the inhabitants of those neighbourhoods (2014-September 2016)</ref>

  • Commune of Muha
    • Kanyosha
      • Quarters: Gisyo-Nyabaranda, Gisyo, Musama I, Musama II, Musama III, Musama IV, Musama V, Nyabugete, Kizingwe-Bihara, Nkenga-Busoro, Ruziba, Kajiji
    • Kinindo
      • Quarters: Kibenga, Kinanira I, Kinanira II, Kinanira III, Kinanira IV, Kinindo, Zeimet-OUA
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      • Quarters: Gasekebuye-Gikoto, Gitaramuka, Kamesa, Kinanira I, Kinanira II
  • Commune of Mukaza
  • Commune of Ntahangwa
    • Buterere
      • Quarters: Buterere I, Buterere II A, Buterere II B, Kabusa, Kiyange, Maramvya, Mubone, Mugaruro, Kiyange
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      • Quarters: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII
    • Gihosha
      • Quarters: Gasenyi, Gihosha, Gikungu, Kigobe, Mutanga-Nord, Muyaga, Nyabagere, Taba, Winterekwa
    • Template:Interlanguage link
      • Quarters: Gikizi, Gituro, Heha, Kavumu, Mirango I, Mirango II, Songa, Teza, Twinyoni
    • Kigobe
      • Quarters: Kigobe Nord, Kigobe Sud
    • Kinama
      • Quarters: Bubanza, Buhinyuza, Bukirasazi I, Bukirasazi II, Bururi, Carama, Gitega, Kanga, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Ruyigi, SOCARTI.
    • Template:Interlanguage link
      • Quarters: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, Industriel

Economy

File:View of bujumbura.JPG
View of Bujumbura Market

Template:See also The Port of Bujumbura is the largest port on Lake Tanganyika.Template:Sfn Burundi depends on neighboring countries for access to the ocean. Goods may be carried by road via Rwanda, or by the lake and then by road or rail via Tanzania, Congo or Zambia. 80% of Burundi's external trade is carried via the last three routes, using the Port of Bujumbura.Template:Sfn The port manages receipt and delivery of exports and imports, whether carried by ship or by truck. As of 2011 more than 90% of cargo handled was imports, of which about 60% entered by ship and 40% by truck.Template:Sfn

Bujumbura Central Market was in the city centre, along Rwagasore Avenue. During the 1993 ethnic violence in Burundi, citizens became less likely to travel far from the city centre, and markets in neighbouring communities lost their business to the central market.Template:Citation needed At dawn on 27 January 2013 a serious fire ravaged the central market.<ref>Burundi: vaste incendie au marché central de Bujumbura Radio France internationale, 27 janvier 2013</ref> Due to the poor emergency response, the fire lasted for hours, resulting in a serious blow to local exchanges. Hundreds of vendors, local and foreign, lost their goods to the fire and the reported looting.<ref>Incendie au marché central de Bujumbura: des Sénégalais dans la désolation Agoravox, 25 Février 2013</ref>

Politics

List of mayors of Bujumbura

  • Gérard Kibinakanwa, 1962–1967<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Thérence Ndikumasabo, 1967–1969
  • Pie Kanyoni, 1969–1975 and 1976–1977
  • Charles Kabunyoma, 1976
  • Juvénal Madirisha, 1977–1979
  • Germain Nkwirikiye, 1979–1981
  • Lucien Sakubu, 1981–1987
  • Léonidas Ndoricimpa, 1987–1991
  • Arthémon Mvuyekure, 1991–1992
  • Anatole Kanyenkiko, 1992–1993
  • Léonce Sinzinkayo, 1993–1994
  • Pie Ntiyankundiye, 1994–2002
  • Pontien Niyongabo, 2002–2005
  • Célestin Sebutama, 2005–2007
  • Elias Buregure, 2007
  • Evrard Giswaswa, Template:Circa–2012<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
  • Saidi Juma, Template:Circa<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
  • Freddy Mbonimpa, 2015–2020
  • Jimmy Hatungimana, 2020–2025

Under new territorial subdivision, list of governors of Bujumbura:

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Sports

Bujumbura is the location for the city's multisport Intwari stadium. Mainly used for football matches, it is the country's largest stadium with 22,000 seats.

The city is also home to many basketball and tennis courts, as well as a multitude of indoor and outdoor swimming pools.

Education

File:University of Burundi, Main Campus, Bujumbura 2008.jpg
View of the university's buildings in Bujumbura

The University of Burundi is in Bujumbura, as are Hope Africa University, Université Paix et Réconciliation, Université des Grands Lacs, Université du Lac Tanganyika, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Lumière de Bujumbura, Bujumbura International University (BIU), International University of Equator, International Leadership University of Bujumbura, Université Ntare Rugamba of Bujumbura, Université Sagesse d'Afrique de Bujumbura, Université Martin Luther King, Institut Supérieur de Développement de Bujumbura (ISD), Ecole Nationale d'Administration "ENA", Institut National de Santé Publique "INSP", Institut Supérieur de Gestion des Entreprises "ISGE", Institut Supérieur d'Ingénieurs et Cadres Techniciens en Génie Informatique, Télécommunications et Technologies Avancées "INITELEMATIQUE".

International schools:

Transport

File:Burundi Bujumbura Airport 01 (15835487740).jpg
Bujumbura International Airport

The Bujumbura International Airport is situated on the outskirts of the city.

Public transport in Bujumbura mainly consists of taxis and mini-buses, locally known as the Hiace. Public transport vehicles are generally white and blue.

File:Bujumbura - Flickr - Dave Proffer (4).jpg
Central Market minibus station

Bujumbura's taxis are abundant all over the city, and are considered the safest form of transportation. There are taxi-motos (motorcycle taxis) and taxis-vélos (bicycle taxis), although they are only available in certain parts of the city.

For long-distance travel, locals prefer to take the many Hiace full-size vans, which travel regularly across Burundi. Bujumbura's main bus terminal is located by the Central Market.

Health

Bujumbura is also home to many clinics along with the province's main hospitals:

Places of worship

File:Cathédrale Regina Mundi de Bujumbura, 2006 (cropped).jpg
Regina Mundi Cathedral

Among the places of worship are predominantly Christian churches and temples:

  • Assemblies of God.<ref>J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p.456</ref>

There are also Muslim mosques scattered across the city.

Culture

Bujumbura's main attractions are its many museums, parks and monuments. Museums in the city include the Burundi Museum of Life and the Burundi Geological Museum. Other nearby attractions are the Rusizi National Park, the Livingstone-Stanley Monument at Mugere (where David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley visited 14 days after their first historic meeting at Ujiji in Tanzania), the presidential palace and the source of the southernmost tributary of the Nile, described locally as the source of the Nile.

Bujumbura was also home of the independent weekly radio programme Imagine Burundi, the country's first locally produced English-language programme that focused on stories about life in the region. The show was broadcast from September 2010 to August 2013, and recordings are archived on the show's website at imagineburundi.com.<ref>Imagine Burundi Template:Webarchive "Imagine Burundi", 1 juillet 2012</ref>

Demographics

Bujumbura is projected to be the fourth fastest growing African continent city between 2020 and 2025, with a 5.75% growth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Twin towns and sister cities

Template:Unreferenced section Bujumbura is twinned with:

Notable people

References

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Sources

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Bibliography

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