CSS Georgia (1863)

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CSS Georgia, also known as State of Georgia and Ladies' Ram, was an ironclad warship built in Savannah, Georgia in 1862 during the American Civil War.<ref name=USArmy2007>Template:Cite journal</ref> The Ladies' Gunboat Association raised $115,000 for her construction to defend the port city of Savannah.<ref name=Anuskiewicz1992>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Service history

Photograph once claimed to be of CSS Georgia, later determined to be a forgery created in the 1980s.

Commanded by Lieutenant Washington Gwathmey, CSN, the new warship was employed to defend the river channels below Savannah, using her cannons to prevent a Union advance on the city from the sea.<ref name=Anuskiewicz1992/> When her steam engines turned out to lack sufficient power for offensive use, Georgia was anchored in the Savannah River as a floating battery, protecting both the city and Fort Jackson.<ref name=USArmy2007/> Georgia had been in service about 20 months, when Sherman's March to the Sea captured Savannah by land on December 21, 1864. Her Confederate crew scuttled the ship to prevent her capture and use against the South.

Wreck

In 1866, the ship's railroad track iron rail armor was partially salvaged and the wooden hull was shattered by the underwater charges used to remove it.Template:Citation needed The wreck was then left alone and forgotten. In 1968 Georgia was rediscovered during a dredging operation of the Savannah River.<ref name=USArmy2007/> The wreck was left untouched, although accidental impacts from dredging equipment and the anchors marking the site location may have damaged what remained.<ref name=USArmy2007/> By 1992, all that was survived were portions of her forward and aft casemates and parts of her engines, including the boilers, shafts, propellers, and condensers.<ref name=Anuskiewicz1992/> Several of her cannon were located nearby, along with assorted ordnance.<ref name=Anuskiewicz1992/>

In May 2012 the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) budgeted $14 million to raise the remains of the ironclad to allow for further dredging.<ref name=Bynum0512>Template:Cite news</ref> Archeologists working for the USACE Savannah District, assisted by teams from the United States Navy, raised a Template:Convert section of Georgia on November 12, 2013.<ref name=Rodriguez2013>Template:Cite news</ref>

Further relics are being recovered during an ongoing nine-month salvage operation in 2015, as an initiative to upgrade waterway access for deep sea vessels requires its dredging to Template:Convert. As of April 2015, USACE, with archaeologists from Texas A&M University, had recovered over 1000 artifacts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The removal of ordnance and the lifting of the major remains of the casemates and machinery occurred in June–August 2015.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=GastGannon>Template:Cite news</ref>

In the 1980s, a photograph was discovered that allegedly shows the Georgia,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> but it was later discovered to be fake.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Georgia was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Artifacts recovered in 2015

• 
  A brass artifact - part of a wood and rope assembly to move a cannon
• 
  Iron artifact (heavily corroded)
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  A brass cannon elevation screw (still turns)
• 
  An unrestored iron artifact (heavily corroded)
• 
  A resin cast model of an iron artifact
• 
  A cannonball and holder for a grapeshot

See also

• Fort James Jackson, CSS Georgia sank in the river next to Fort James Jackson

Bibliography

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• Template:Cite book

External links

• USACE Savannah CSS Georgia project website
• 2015 Raise the Wreck Festival
• Template:Commons category-inline

Template:Coord  This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.{{#if:|{{#if:| The entries can be found [{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} here] and [{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}} here].| The entry can be found [{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} here].}}}} Template:National Register of Historic Places Template:CSN ironclads Template:1864 shipwrecks Template:Authority control