Cape Clear Island
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Clear Island or Cape Clear Island (officially known by its Irish name: Cléire, and sometimes also called Oileán Chléire)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> is an island off the south-west coast of County Cork in Ireland. It is the southernmost inhabited part of Ireland and had a population of 110 people as of the 2022 census.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The island is a Gaeltacht area (Irish-speaking area),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in which Irish is spoken on a daily basis. The nearest neighbouring island is Sherkin Island, which is Template:Convert east of Cape Clear Island.
The island is divided into east and west halves by an isthmus called the Waist, with the North Harbour to the landward side and the South Harbour on the seaward side.<ref>David Walsh, Oileáin: A Guide to the Irish Islands (Pesda Press, 2004; Template:ISBN), p. 64.</ref> Ferries sail regularly from the North Harbour to Schull and Baltimore on the mainland. The South Harbour is a popular berth for yachts and pleasure boats during the summer months.
History
Archaeological sites on the island include a prehistoric cup-marked stone (currently in the island's museum), a fulacht fiadh at Gort na Lobhar, a Neolithic passage tomb at Cill Leire Forabhain, several standing stones around the island, a promontory fort at Dún an Óir, and a signal tower dating from the Napoleonic Wars.<ref name="gallery">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The island also has a number of early Christian sites, and is reputed to be the birthplace of Saint Ciarán of Saigir. The ruin of a 12th-century church, which has protected national monument status, is close to the main pier in the North Harbour.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The island had a population of over 1,052 before the 19th century famine, but the current population of Cape Clear is less than one-eighth of that figure. The island's primary school was built in 1897, and was visited by President of Ireland Mary McAleese in 1998.Template:Citation needed
Cape Clear was originally supplied with electricity produced by diesel generators on the island, but around 1995 these were replaced with a submarine power cable from the mainland.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
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Culture and language
The island is officially identified as a Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking) area. According to the 2016 census there were 145 people over the age of 3 living on the island, with 62% claiming to be able to speak Irish and 27% saying they spoke Irish daily outside the education system.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The population of the island increases in the summer months as students visit the local Irish Colleges, Coláiste Phobal Chléire and Coláiste Chiaráin.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Students stay in local houses or dorms and improve their spoken Irish as part of the immersion courses within the Gaeltacht.
Every first weekend of September, the island hosts the Cape Clear Island International Storytelling Festival. The festival has been running annually since 1994.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Wildlife
Seals, basking sharks and dolphins are often found in the surrounding waters, while sea pinks and honeysuckle are common plants on the land.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Cape Clear is home to a lighthouse and a bird observatory. Cape Clear is popular with bird watchers and at certain times of the year is home to many species of migratory birds as its climate is milder than the mainland and thus more attractive.<ref name="birds">Template:Cite web</ref> Bird life includes black and common guillemots, cormorants and storm petrels.
References
Further reading
- Cape Clear Island, Éamon Lankford, 1999
- Ghostwritten, David Mitchell, 1999
- Staideár Cuimsitheach Teangeolaíoch ar Úsáid na Gaeilge sa Ghaeltacht, Committee of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs, 2007
- The Night Swimmer, Matt Bondurant, 2012