Cardwell, Queensland
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Australian English Template:GeoGroup Template:Infobox Australian place Cardwell is a coastal town and rural locality in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.<ref name=qpnt>Template:Cite QPN</ref><ref name=qpnl>Template:Cite QPN</ref> In the Template:CensusAU, the locality of Cardwell had a population of 1,320 people.<ref name=Census2021/>
Geography
The Bruce Highway National Highway 1 and the North Coast railway line are the dominant transport routes; connecting with the Queensland provincial cities of Cairns and Townsville.<ref name="globe" /> Cardwell railway station in Bowen Street serves the town (Template:Coord).<ref name="railwaystations">Template:Cite web</ref>
The town is a long narrow strip hugging the coast with Greenwood Hill immediately to the west of the town (Template:Coord) rising to Template:Convert above sea level.<ref>Template:Cite QPN</ref><ref name="globe" />
West of Cardwell the rugged topography of the Cardwell Range intercepts the trade winds resulting in high rainfall. The coastal escarpment is covered in rainforest which transitions to the west to eucalypt woodland and tropical savanna. Cardwell Range biodiversity has been protected by the introduction of Forestry Reserves, National Parks and Queensland World Heritage Wet Tropics Areas.
Seaward lies the Hinchinbrook Channel (Template:Coord) and Rockingham Bay (Template:Coord) which are both are part of the Coral Sea. The Great Barrier Reef is further off-shore to the east.<ref name="Bays">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="globe" />
Islands are visible from Cardwell including protected areas i.e. Hinchinbrook Island, Goold Island and the Brook Islands Group.Template:Citation needed
Oyster Point is one kilometre south of Cardwell (Template:Coord).<ref name="qpn25716">Template:Cite QPN</ref> This location experienced one of Australia's important conservation battles.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Climate
History
The Aboriginal heritage is defined by Language Groups; the boundary of the Dyirbal and Warrgamay lies between Cardwell and Tully in the north.
Warrgamay (also known as Waragamai, Wargamay, Wargamaygan, Biyay, and Warakamai) is an Australian Aboriginal language in North Queensland. The language region includes the Herbert River area, Ingham, Hawkins Creek, Long Pocket, Herbert Vale, Niagara Vale, Yamanic Creek, Herbert Gorge, Cardwell, Hinchinbrook Island and the adjacent mainland.<ref>Template:Cite SLQ-CC-BY</ref>
Girramay (also known as Giramay, Garamay, Giramai, Keramai) is a language of Far North Queensland, particularly the area around Herbert River Catchment taking in the towns of Cardwell and Ingham. The Girramay language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of Cassowary Coast and Hinchinbrook Regional Councils.<ref>Template:Cite SLQ-CC-BY</ref>
The first Europeans settled in the area in January 1864 in order to create a port initially called "Port Hinchinbrook". Subsequently, the town was renamed Cardwell later in 1864 by explorer George Elphinstone Dalrymple after Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell, the Secretary of State for the Colonies at that time.<ref name="qpnt" />
Cardwell was the first port settlement on the Queensland coast north of Port Denison (Bowen). The first party of non-indigenous people to settle at Rockingham Bay arrived in January 1864 and was led by George Elphinstone Dalrymple.<ref name=settle1>Template:Cite news</ref> They were 20 in number including James Morrill, William Alcock Tully, botanist John Dallachy, Arthur Jervoise Scott, Lieut. Marlow of the Native Police and his troopers Norman, Archy and Warbragen. Dalrymple also brought his "black boy" servant, an Aboriginal man from Stradbroke Island that he called "Cockey". They came from Bowen on the small schooner Policeman which was under the command of ex-Native Police officer Captain Walter Powell, with the 3 ton cutter Heather Bell in tow.<ref name=settle2>Template:Cite news</ref>
Dalrymple's main purpose in establishing a settlement in Rockingham Bay was to create a port as close as possible to the Valley of Lagoons Station of which he was part owner. Very soon after disembarking from the Policeman, he endeavoured to create a road from the coast to the Valley of Lagoons largely by expanding already existing native paths. A few miles inland from the landing site was an Aboriginal village and bora ground surrounded by native banana plantations that reminded Dalrymple of villages in Ceylon. The Warrgamay people in the area and on nearby Hinchinbrook Island were described as numerous and having some of the largest spears, shields and wooden swords ever recorded in Australia. Having told the local people through his interpreter that he had come to take possession of their lands, Dalrymple bizarrely expressed frustration at the supposed inability of the aboriginals to understand the concept of "Thou shalt not steal".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> James Morrill was more factual in his account of the founding of Cardwell writing that "I then said to [the natives] that they must clear out ... as we wished to occupy the land and would shoot any who approached, that we were strong and that another party would soon follow", and he also described how a group of Aboriginals "were set upon suddenly by Dalrymple's men and rather cut up."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Cardwell Post Office opened on 10 July 1864.<ref name = "Post Office">Template:Cite web</ref>
In March 1865, Lieutenant Blakeney and seven troopers of the Native Police spent two days clearing the area around Cardwell of Aboriginal presence by "burning camps and dispersing the natives."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In the late 1860s and early 1870s, Cardwell became a transport hub for prospectors heading to the Etheridge Shire goldfields Template:Convert inland from the town. Captain John Moresby visited Cardwell in 1871 and wrote that "various tribes of aborigines roam about the vicinity, and not unnaturally regard the white men, who are rapidly dispossessing them of their homes, as mortal enemies. They ... suffer terrible retaliation at the hands of our countrymen, who employ native troopers, commanded by white men to hunt down and destroy the offenders when the opportunity offers".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In January 1872, two British dugong fishermen named Henry Smith and Charles Clements were killed at nearby Goold Island by resident Aboriginals. Wet weather prevented an immediate punitive expedition of four boats of armed local white men who were eager that "the blacks" be "taught that what they do is punishable by death".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, within the same month the Native Police forces of Sub-Inspectors Crompton and Johnstone completed a punitive mission and returned to Cardwell with three young Aboriginal children from the island. The eldest of the children was ten and "they were given away in Cardwell to domesticate them."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Cardwell Provisional School opened on 1 October 1870, becoming Cardwell State School on 22 August 1887.<ref name=":0">Template:Citation</ref>
Murray River Provisional School opened circa 1893 and closed in 1904. Its location was described as "via Cardwell".<ref name=":0" />
In 1985, it was proposed to build an integrated marina and resort called Port Hinchinbrook at Oyster Point south of the town. The proposal encountered many environmental objections and financial collapse of one of the development companies, before construction commenced in 1999.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The long-running controversy led to the Australian Senate establishing an inquiry in May 1998 to try to understand the roles of the regulatory processes of the three levels of government in the approval for the development and what might be learned from the experience and how processes might be improved.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Cardwell Library opened in 2008.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Cardwell suffered significant damage from Cyclone Yasi, a category 5 cyclone, in February 2011.<ref name="Yasi Cairns Post147715"> Template:Cite news </ref><ref>(4 February 2011).Weary residents begin cyclone clean-up Template:Webarchive. ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 17 April 2012.</ref> The marina and the boats within it were destroyed. As at 2019, ongoing legal disputes have prevented work on rebuilding the marina.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2013, the Cardwell community began being the target of an online hoax, which claimed the town's Christmas lights competition had been cancelled to appease the local Muslim community, forcing Cassowary Coast Regional Council to publicly debunk the rumours.<ref name="abc">Fernbach, Nathalie; Hession, Pat Hoax won't dim Cardwell's Christmas lights Template:Webarchive, ABC North Queensland, 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2017.</ref> Despite this, the hoax continues to circulate on social media.<ref>Wivell, Danaella Facebook post claims Christmas lights banned in Cairns this year Template:Webarchive, The Cairns Post, 25 August 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.</ref> The hoax originated from an Islamophobic post on the "Meanwhile in Australia" Facebook page, which subsequently went viral. The post detailing the bogus information specifically named the Al Shalalah mosque as the source of the complaint, but such a mosque does not exist in Cardwell.<ref>Jacques, Owen Christmas lights banned for Muslims? Not in our town Template:Webarchive, The Daily Mercury, 2 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2017.</ref> The information contained within the post was also debunked by fact-checking websites such as snopes.com and Hoax Slayer.<ref>Christmas lights banned in Cardwell? FALSE Template:Webarchive, snopes.com. Accessed 2 December 2017.</ref><ref>Christmas lights were NOT banned in Cardwell Template:Webarchive, Hoax Slayer website. Accessed 2 December 2017.</ref> Although the original post was deleted, screenshots of the post continue to be shared on social media.<ref>Christmas lights ban in Cardwell a hoax Template:Webarchive, Cassowary Coast Regional Council website. Accessed 2 December 2017.</ref> Contrary to the sentiment shared in the fake post, the then Cassowary Coast mayor Bill Shannon said that he had received phone calls from Muslim leaders from as far away as Sydney encouraging Cardwell to continue with their Christmas light displays.<ref name="abc" />
Demographics
In the Template:CensusAU, the locality of Cardwell had a population of 1,309 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 8.9% of the population. 72.5% of people were born in Australia and 83.0% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 25.6%, Catholic 22.6% and Anglican 20.6%.<ref name=Census2016>Template:Census 2016 AUS</ref>
In the Template:CensusAU, the locality of Cardwell had a population of 1,320 people.<ref name=Census2021>Template:Census 2021 AUS</ref>
Heritage listings
Cardwell has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
- Valley of Lagoons Road, Damper Creek: Stone Bridge, Dalrymple Gap Track<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
- 51 Victoria Street: Cardwell Divisional Board Hall (later Cardwell Shire Hall)<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
- 53 Victoria Street: Cardwell Post Office (now the Cardwell Bush Telegraph heritage centre)<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
Cardwell also has a granite monument erected in memory of Walter Jervoise Scott, a pioneer of the Valley of Lagoons. The monument was sent from Great Britain by his brothers intended for his grave at Valley of Lagoons. On arrival at Cardwell, it was found to be too large to transport up the rough track to Valley of Lagoons, so it was erected in Cardwell instead.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=adb>Template:Cite web</ref>
Education
Cardwell State School is a government primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 43 Victoria Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="SchoolList20182">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 108 students with 6 teachers (5 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (5 full-time equivalent).<ref name="ACARA2017">Template:Cite web</ref> In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 80 students with 5 teachers (4 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (5 full-time equivalent).<ref name="ACARA2018">Template:Cite web</ref>
There is no secondary school in Cardwell. The nearest government secondary school is Tully State High School in Tully to the north.<ref name="globe">Template:Queensland Globe</ref>
Facilities
Cardwell Police Station is at 49 Victoria Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="emergencyservices">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Google maps</ref>
Cardwell Fire Station is at 2 Panos Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="emergencyservices" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Cardwell SES Facility is in Gregory Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="emergencyservices" />
Cardwell Community Health Centre is at 226 Victoria Street (Template:Coord).<ref name=LandmarkAreas>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Cardwell Ambulance Station is at 222–224 Victoria Street, adjacent to the health centre (Template:Coord).<ref name="emergencyservices" />
Cardwell Cemetery is in Gregory Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="CemeteryAreas">Template:Cite web</ref> It is managed by the Cassowary Coast Regional Council.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Cardwell Coast Guard is at 1 Victoria Street (Template:Coord). It is a branch of the Australian Volunteer Coast Guard.<ref name="emergencyservices" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Google maps</ref>
Amenities
The Cassowary Coast Regional Council operates a public library at 4 Balliol Street (Template:Coord).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Cardwell Post Office is at 1 Brasenose Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="BuildingPoints">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Google maps</ref>
Our Lady Star of the Sea Catholic Church is at 121 Victoria Street (Template:Coord). It is within the Tully Parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Google Maps</ref>
Cardwell Country Club is at 23 Gregory Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="BuildingAreas">Template:Cite web</ref> It has an 18-hole golf course and a lawn bowls green.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Port Hinchinbrook (also known as Cardwell Marina) is a Template:Convert marina in Front Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="Marinas">Template:Cite web</ref>
Port Hinchbrook boat ramp and floating walkway is in Foxtail Avenue (Template:Coord). They are managed by the Cassowary Coast Regional Council.<ref name="BoatingFacilities">Template:Cite web</ref>
There is a boat ramp in Sheridan Street (Template:Coord). It is managed by the Cassowary Coast Regional Council.<ref name="BoatingFacilities" />
With the establishment of Port Hinchinbrook, the Marina Public Boat Ramp provides year-round access to the protected marine environments of Hinchinbrook Channel, estuaries, islands and the Great Barrier Reef. The Cardwell Jetty is an important infrastructure asset, where visitors can socialise and view the coastal scenery; and anglers can enjoy both day and evening fishing activities.Template:Citation needed
Cardwell jetty is opposite 315A Victoria Street at the north end of Hinchinbrook Channel (Template:Coord). It is managed by the Cassowary Coast Regional Council.<ref name="BoatingFacilities" />
Attractions
Cardwell Bush Telegraph Heritage Centre is one of the oldest buildings in North Queensland,<ref name="aphi">Template:Cite web</ref> and part of a precinct of heritage buildings operated as a museum at 53 Victoria Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="BuildingPoints" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Cardwell Lookout is at the end of Braenose Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="TouristPoints">Template:Cite web</ref> It provides panoramic views of the town and ocean beyond.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Notable residents
- Isidor Lissner, politician
- John Murray, police inspector
- Ashleigh Southern, water polo player
- Margaret Thorsborne, naturalist, conservationist and environmental activist
See also
References
External links
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