Carl Christian Rafn

File:Carl Christian Rafn (1795-1864).jpg

Carl Christian Rafn.

Template:Norse colonization of North AmericaCarl Christian Rafn (January 16, 1795 – October 20, 1864) was a Danish historian, translator and antiquarian. His scholarship to a large extent focused on translation of Old Norse literature and related Northern European ancient history. He was also noted for his early advocacy of the recognition of Norse colonization of North America.<ref>Carl Christian Rafn (1795–1864) Oldforskningens pionér (Kulturcentret Assistens) Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>The Norse Discovery of America (Norrœna Society. 1906)</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Biography

Carl Christian Rafn was born in Brahesborg on the island of Fyn in Funen County, Denmark. After attending the Odense Cathedral School (Odense Katedralskole), he entered the University of Copenhagen where he earned his law degree and graduated (1816). After having been employed as a lieutenant with the Funen light dragoons in Odense, in 1820, he became a teacher in Latin and grammar at the Army Cadet Academy (Landkadetakademiet) in Copenhagen.<ref>Rafn, Carl Christian, 1795–1864, Oldforsker (Dansk biografisk Lexikon) Retrieved August 1, 2020.</ref>

Rafn was particularly interested in discovering the location of Vinland as mentioned in Norse sagas. Together with Icelandic scholar Finnur Magnússon and Danish linguist Rasmus Rask, he founded the Royal Norse Ancient Writings Society (Det Kongelige nordiske Oldskriftselskab). He was also a member of the Arnamagnæan Institute (Den Arnamagnæanske Kommission) which managed the Arnamagnæan Foundation (Det Arnamagnæanske Legat), custodians for the collection of manuscripts from 17th-century Icelandic scholar Árni Magnússon.<ref>Memorial Biographies of the New England Historic Genealogical Society: 1864–1871 ( New England Historic Genealogical Society)</ref><ref>Det kongelige nordiske Oldskriftselskab (Scholarly Societies Project) Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Rafn published much of his work in 1837 in the Antiquitates Americanæ. It is considered the first scholarly exposition of pre-Columbian Norse exploration. At the time of Rafn's research, the Norse sagas concerning Vinland were considered by most scholars to be mere legends. The ideas advanced by Rafn found new support since the 1960s with the discovery of the Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in northern Newfoundland, Canada.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1836, he was admitted as a member of the Royal Danish Society for History (Det kongelige danske Selskab for Fædrelandets Historie). In 1836 he was also elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society.<ref>Rafn Carl Christian American Antiquarian Society Members Directory</ref> He was a member of numerous other foreign associations and societies and received the philosophical and legal doctorate from abroad.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Breve fra og til Carl Christian Rafn“ med en biografi (Bendict Grøndal: 1869)</ref>

Rafn became a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1828 and was awarded the Grand Cross of the Dannebrog (Dannebrogsmand) in 1842. He died in 1864 at the age of 69 and was buried at Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen.

Selected works

Committee

• 1821–1826 – Nordiske Kæmpehistorier (3 vols.)
• 1824 – Jomsvikingesaga
• 1825–1837 – Fornmanna sögur (12 vols.)
• 1826 – Krákumál
• 1826 – 1827 – Kong Olaf Tryggvesøns Saga (3 vols.)
• 1829–1830 – Fornaldarsögur Norðrlanda (3 vols.)
• 1829–1830 – Nordiske Fortidssagaer (3 vols.)
• 1832 – Færeyínga saga
• 1837 – Antiqvitates Americana
• 1838–1854 – Grønlands historiske Mindesmærker (3 vols.)
• 1850–1858 – Antiquités Russes d'après les monuments historique des anciens et des Islandais Scandinaves (2 vols.)
• 1852 – Saga Játvarðar konúngs Hin Helga (with Jón Sigurðsson)
• 1856 – Antiquités de l'Orient

Journals

• 1832–1836 – Nordisk Tidsskrift for Oldkyndighed (3 vols.)
• 1836–1863 – Annaler for nordisk Oldkyndighed (og Historie) (23 vols.)
• 1836–1860 – Mémoires de la société des antiquaires du Nord
• 1843–1863 – Antikvarisk Tidsskrift (7 vols.)

See also

• Viking revival
• Norse colonization of the Americas

Other sources

• Jespersen, Knud J.V. (1990) Carl Christian Rafn og det Fyenske Militair-Bibliothek (Odenses bibliotekshistorie, Odense Universitetsforlag) Template:ISBN

Related reading

• Borring, Laurits Stephan (1864) Notices on the life and writings of Carl Christian Rafn: Permanent secretary of the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries, Counsellor of Conference
• Gröndal, Benedikt (1869) Breve fra og til Carl Christian Rafn med en Biographi
• Widding, Ole (1964) Carl Christian Rafn – Biographie of Old Nordic-Icelandic Studies

External links

• Facsimile of a map from the works of Carl Christian Rafn
• The Norse Discovery of America (London: Norrœna Society. 1906. Rasmus B. Anderson, editor in chief)
• Template:Cite Appletons'