Carly Fiorina

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}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }} Cara Carleton "Carly" Fiorina (Template:IPAc-en; Template:Nee; born September 6, 1954) is an American businesswoman and politician, known primarily for her tenure as chief executive officer (CEO) of Hewlett-Packard (HP) from 1999 to 2005. Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Fortune Top-20 company.<ref name=Sellers09>Template:Cite news</ref>

Fiorina started her career at AT&T and subsequently worked at Lucent Technologies, where she led the joint venture with Philips.

In 2002, Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology sector merger in history, in which HP acquired rival personal computer manufacturer, Compaq. The transaction made HP the world's largest seller of personal computers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Bagley, Constance. Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for the 21st Century, p. 599 (Cengage Learning 2015).</ref> HP subsequently laid off 30,000 U.S. employees. Nonetheless, the number of employees exceeded the pre-merger figure and grew to 150,000 during her tenure.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Farley/><ref name="Goldman">Goldman, David. "Behind Carly Fiorina's 30,000 HP layoffs", CNN (September 21, 2015): "She has also notedTemplate:Sndcorrectly Template:Sndthat despite bruising layoffs, she hired more people than she fired. HP and Compaq had a combined 148,100 employees just before she was hired in 1999, and 150,000 by the time she was fired in 2005."</ref> In February 2005, she was forced to resign as CEO and chair following a boardroom disagreement.<ref name=stanford/><ref name=PuiWing/><ref name=Burrows/> She subsequently served as Chair of the philanthropic organization Good360.<ref>Good360 interview NBC, September 13, 2013</ref><ref>Latest quest October 8, 2014, Forbes</ref>

Fiorina was an adviser to Republican senator John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign. In 2010, she won the Republican nomination for the United States Senate in California, but lost the general election to incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fiorina was a candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primary, and was for seven days the vice-presidential running mate of Ted Cruz until he suspended his campaign. In 2020, Fiorina endorsed the presidential campaign of Democrat Joe Biden.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early life and education

Cara Carleton Sneed was born on September 6, 1954, in Austin, Texas, the daughter of Madelon Montross (née Juergens) and Joseph Tyree Sneed III.<ref name="bookref1">Template:Cite book</ref> The name "Carleton", from which "Carly" is derived, has been used in every generation of the Sneed family since the Civil War.<ref name=Ward2002June>Template:Cite magazine</ref> At the time of her birth, Fiorina's father was a professor at the University of Texas School of Law.<ref name="9thcircuit">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="sjmercobit">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He would later become dean of Duke University School of Law, Deputy U.S. Attorney General, and judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Her mother was an abstract painter.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She is mainly of English and German ancestry,<ref name=nyt>Template:Cite news</ref> and was raised Episcopalian.<ref name=nyt/> Her paternal great-great-great-grandfather, Joseph P. Sneed, was a Methodist minister and educator in Texas. Her paternal great-great-great-great-uncle built the Constantine Sneed House in Brentwood, Tennessee, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Carly was a Brownie but did not become a Girl Scout due to her family's frequent moves.<ref>Template:Cite AV media (audience member asks whether she'd been a Girl Scout after photography session)</ref> She attended Channing School, in London. She later attended five different high schools, including one in Ghana,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> graduating from Charles E. Jordan High School in Durham, North Carolina. At one time she aspired to be a classical pianist.<ref name="Sellers2015">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She received a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy and medieval history at Stanford University, in 1976. During her summers, she worked as a secretary for Kelly Services.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She attended the UCLA School of Law in 1976, but dropped out<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> after one semester. She worked as a receptionist for six months at a real estate firm, Marcus & Millichap, moving up to a broker position. When she married in 1977, she and her husband moved to Bologna, Italy, where he was doing graduate work;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> there she did English tutoring to Italian businessmen.<ref name="nyt" /><ref>Fiorina, Tough Choices, p. 21.</ref>

In 1980, Fiorina received a Master of Business Administration, in marketing, from the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park. In 1989 she obtained a Master of Science degree in management from the MIT Sloan School of Management, under the Sloan Fellows program.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Business career

AT&T and Lucent

Template:See also In 1980, Fiorina joined AT&T as a management trainee, selling telephone services to big federal agencies.<ref name="PSellersFortune10121998">Template:Cite news</ref> In 1990, she became the company's first female officer as senior vice president overseeing the company's hardware and systems division,<ref name="BurrowsBlBuswk08021999"/> eventually heading its North American operations.<ref name="BurrowsBlBuswk08021999"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1995, Fiorina led corporate operations for Lucent Technologies, Inc., a spin-off from AT&T of its Western Electric and Bell Labs divisions into a new company.<ref name="BioTVCarlyFiorina">Template:Cite news</ref> In that capacity, she reported to Lucent chief executive Henry B. Schacht.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> She played a key role in planning and implementing the 1996 initial public offering of a successful stock and company launch strategy.<ref name="BurrowsBlBuswk08021999">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> The spin-off became one of the most successful IPOs in U.S. history, raising Template:USD3 billion.<ref name="PSellersFortune10121998"/><ref name="BioTVCarlyFiorina"/>

Later in 1996, Fiorina was appointed president of Lucent's consumer products sector.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In 1997, she was named group president for Lucent's Template:USD19 billion global service-provider business, overseeing marketing and sales for the company's largest customer segment.<ref name="BurrowsBlBuswk08021999"/><ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> That year, Fiorina chaired a Template:USD2.5 billion joint venture between Lucent's consumer communications and Royal Philips Electronics, under the name Philips Consumer Communications (PCC).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="pcc1997">Template:Cite press release</ref> In the edition of October 12, 1998, of Fortune magazine, Fiorina was named "The Most Powerful Woman in American Business".<ref name="PSellersFortune10121998"/>

Lucent added 22,000 jobs and revenues grew from US$19 billion to US$38 billion and the company's market share increased in every region for every product.<ref name="BioTVCarlyFiorina"/><ref name=Fortune.Lucent>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to Fortune magazine, Lucent increased sales by lending money to their own customers, writing that "In a neat bit of accounting magic, money from the loans began to appear on Lucent's income statement as new revenue while the dicey debt got stashed on its balance sheet as an allegedly solid asset".<ref name=Fortune.Lucent/> Lucent's stock price grew 10-fold.<ref name=Fortune.Lucent/>

Hewlett-Packard (HP)

Hiring

File:CarlyFiorina49416.jpeg

Fiorina as CEO and Chair of the Board of Hewlett-Packard, August 2, 2004

In July 1999, Hewlett-Packard Company named Fiorina chief executive officer, succeeding Lewis Platt and prevailing over the internal candidate Ann Livermore.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Matthew Boyle of Fortune magazine said of Fiorina's hiring as HP's first woman CEO that, "Carly Fiorina didn't just break the glass ceiling, she obliterated it, as the first woman to lead a FORTUNE 20 company."<ref name="FortuneGlCe">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Writing in Fortune magazine in August 2015, Jeffrey Sonnenfeld described the hiring as the result of "a dysfunctional HP board committee, filled with its own poisoned politics, hired her with no CEO experience, nor interviews with the full board."<ref name=Fortune.2015/> Fiorina received a larger signing offer than any of her predecessors, including: Template:USD65 million in restricted stock to compensate her for the Lucent stock and options she left behind,<ref name=Fortune.Lucent/> a Template:USD3 million signing bonus, a Template:USD1 million annual salary (plus a Template:USD1.25–Template:USD3.75 million annual bonus), Template:USD36,000 in mortgage assistance, a relocation allowance, and permission (and encouragement) to use company planes for personal affairs.<ref name="johnson">Template:Cite journal</ref> Fortune also named her the most powerful woman in America for five consecutive years.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Separating Agilent Technologies from HP and proposed PWC acquisition

Although the decision to spin off the company's analytical instruments division pre-dated her arrival, one of her first major responsibilities as chief executive was overseeing the separation of the unit into the stand-alone Agilent Technologies.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fiorina proposed the acquisition of the technology services arm of PricewaterhouseCoopers for almost Template:USD14 billion, but withdrew the bid after a lackluster reception from Wall Street.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Following the collapse of the dot-com bubble, the PwC consulting arm was acquired by IBM for less than Template:USD4 billion. HP later acquired Electronic Data Systems, another technology services company, which some considered a validation of Fiorina's strategy.<ref name="Houston Chron">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Compaq merger

In early September 2001, in the wake of the bursting of the Tech Bubble, Fiorina announced the acquisition of PC maker Compaq with Template:USD25 billion in stock,<ref name=stanford/> which, at the time, was the second largest producer of personal computers, after Dell.<ref name=stanford/> HP stock traded down by 30% on the news of the merger.<ref name=stanford/> The Compaq merger created the world's largest personal computer manufacturer in terms of units shipped.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Fiorina was frequently at odds with HP's board of directors,<ref name="johnson"/><ref name="heritage1"/> and she had to fight with the board for the merger. Walter Hewlett (the son of company co-founder William Hewlett) was a source of particularly strong opposition.<ref name="heritage1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Hewlett originally voted with the other board members to approve the Compaq deal, but he later changed his mind.<ref name="stanford" /> He launched a proxy fight against Fiorina's efforts which Fiorina won with a "razor-thin margin" of 51.4% of the shareholders, with the institutional shareholders providing the bulk of the support.<ref name=stanford/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fiorina was supported in the proxy battle by other board members,<ref name=stanford/> including Richard Hackborn, Philip M. Condit,<ref>Philip (Phil) M. Condit, Former Chair and Chief Executive Officer, The Boeing Company, Boeing, October 10, 20014.</ref> George A. Keyworth, II,<ref name = SFChron>Template:Cite news</ref> and Robert Knowling.<ref name=stanford/> Fiorina proceeded to reorganize HP and merge the parts of it that she kept with Compaq.<ref name="Vries">Template:Cite news</ref>

The merger was met initially with almost universal skepticism.<ref name="huffpo">Template:Cite news</ref> The February 7, 2005, issue of Fortune described her merger plan as "failing" and the prognosis as "doubtful".<ref name="Loomis2005">Template:Cite news</ref> Business professor Robert Burgelman and former HP executive vice president, Webb McKinney, who led HP's post-merger integration team, analyzed the merger and concluded that it was ultimately successful.<ref name="stanfordbusiness">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2008, former acting CEO of Compaq Ben Rosen stated that although Fiorina lacked the skills to run the merged company, her successors made it work.<ref name="huffpo"/> HP was able to integrate Compaq's operations and emerge as the world's largest seller of personal computers. The industry soon fell into decline, leading to further difficulties for the company. HP eventually wrote off Template:USD1.2 billion from the acquisition as the personal computer market declined.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Looking back, a 2011 The New York Times article described it as "one of the more questionable deals of the time."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Allegations of sales to Iran despite sanctions

Template:See also In 1997, prior to Fiorina's joining the company, HP's Dutch subsidiary formed a partnership with a company in Dubai, Redington Gulf, which sold HP's products in Iran.<ref name=Bloombeg.Iran>Template:Cite news</ref> Under Fiorina's leadership at HP, the company sold millions of dollars' worth of printers and computer products to Iran through the foreign subsidiary, while U.S. export sanctions were in effect.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After the story was initially reported by The Boston Globe in 2008,<ref name=BostonGlobe.sanctions>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the SEC sent a letter of inquiry to HP, who responded that products worth Template:USD120 million were sold in fiscal 2008<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> arguing that the sales did not violate export sanctions because they were made through a foreign subsidiary.<ref name=Bloombeg.Iran/> According to former officials who worked on sanctions, HP was using a loophole by routing their sales through a foreign subsidiary.<ref name="Bloombeg.Iran" /> HP ended its relationship with Redington Gulf after the SEC inquiry.<ref name="Bloombeg.Iran" />

Providing HP servers to the NSA

In a September 2015 interview with Michael Isikoff, Fiorina said that, in the weeks following the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, she received a phone call from Michael Hayden, then the director of the National Security Agency, asking her assistance in providing HP computer servers to the NSA for expanded surveillance.<ref name="Isikoff">Michael Isikoff, Carly Fiorina defends Bush-era torture and spying, calls for more transparency, Yahoo News (September 28, 2015).</ref> Hayden confirmed that he had made the request for HP servers as part of Stellar Wind, a 2001–2007 NSA warrantless surveillance program, but the details were not revealed to Fiorina at the time.<ref name="Isikoff" /> Fiorina "acknowledged she complied with Hayden's request, redirecting trucks of HP computer servers that were on their way to retail stores from a warehouse in Tennessee to the Washington Beltway, where they were escorted by NSA security" to the agency's Fort Meade headquarters. In 2015, Fiorina said: "I felt it was my duty to help, and so we did," adding, "They were ramping up a whole set of programs and needed a lot of data crunching capability to try and monitor a whole set of threats. ... What I knew at the time was our nation had been attacked."<ref name="Isikoff" /> Hayden also requested that Fiorina provide advice to the agency "on how the CIA could maintain its undercover espionage mission in a culture of increasing government leaks and demands for greater public accountability and openness." According to Fiorina, she advised the agency to be "as transparent as possible, about as much as possible".<ref name="Isikoff" />

Changes to HP culture

Fiorina's predecessor at HP had pushed for an outsider to replace him because he believed that the company had become complacent and that consensus-driven decision making was inhibiting the company's growth. Fiorina instituted three major changes shortly after her arrival: replacing profit sharing with bonuses awarded if the company met financial expectations, a reduction in operating units from 83 to 12, and consolidating back-office functions.<ref name=stanford>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Fiorina faced a backlash among HP employees and the tech community for her leading role in the demise of HP's egalitarian "The HP Way" work culture and guiding philosophy,<ref name="johnson" /><ref name="heritage1" /><ref name="paloaltoonline">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which she felt hindered innovation.<ref name="johnson"/><ref name="reutershpway">Template:Cite news</ref> Because of changes to HP's culture, and requests for voluntary pay cuts to prevent layoffs (subsequently followed by the largest layoffs in HP's history), employee satisfaction surveys at HPTemplate:Sndpreviously among the highest in AmericaTemplate:Sndrevealed "widespread unhappiness" and distrust,<ref name="johnson" /><ref name="elsbach">Template:Cite journal</ref> and Fiorina was sometimes booed at company meetings and attacked on HP's electronic bulletin board.<ref name="johnson" />

According to The Fiscal Times, Fiorina and others have argued that she "laid the groundwork for some of HP's progress under her successors", and that she shook the culture at HP so that it could compete in the Internet Age.<ref name=fiscaltimes>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

iPod+HP

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In January 2004, Fiorina announced an agreement with Apple founder Steve Jobs for the iPod+HP Template:Snda co-branded iPod sold through HP's retail channels.<ref>Steven Levy, The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles Commerce, Culture, and Coolness (Simon & Schuster: 2006), pp. 98–99.</ref> As part of the agreement, HP was forbidden from selling a competitor to the iPod until August 2006 and HP agreed to pre-install iTunes on every computer sold.<ref name=":1" /> Two days before Fiorina announced the HP+iPod, Jobs announced a new product, the iPod mini, catching Fiorina off guard.<ref>Charles Arthur, Digital Wars: Apple, Google, Microsoft and the Battle for the Internet (2d ed.: Kogan Page, 2014), p. 122.</ref> HP did not sell the newer versions of the iPod in a timely fashion, leaving them to sell an outdated device for several months. In addition, Apple began selling its own iPods through the same retail channels.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As a result, at the peak of the program, iPod+HP sales represented only a small portion of total iPod sales.<ref>Steven Levy, The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles Commerce, Culture, and Coolness (Simon & Schuster: 2006), p. 100.</ref> In July 2005, soon after Fiorina resigned as CEO, her successor Mark Hurd ended HP's agreement with Apple, within days of taking office,<ref>David Goldman, Carly Fiorina has a long history of talking about Steve Jobs, CNN Money (September 17, 2015).</ref> a "highly symbolic decision" that was well-received as a return to innovation by HP.<ref>Mark Morgan, Raymond E. Levitt & William A. Malek Executing Your Strategy: How to Break it Down and Get it Done (Harvard Business School Press, 2007), p. 107.</ref><ref>Alex Pham & Joseph Menn, Hewlett-Packard Unplugs Its IPod Deal: The company says it will no longer sell Apple's music player. Is a new CEO behind the shift?, Los Angeles Times (July 30, 2005).</ref>

Steven Levy, writing in 2015 on the agreement, wrote that "Steve Jobs blithely mugged her and HP's shareholders. By getting Fiorina to adopt the iPod as HP's music player, Jobs had effectively gotten his [iTunes] software installed on millions of computers for free, stifled his main competitor, and gotten a company that prided itself on invention to declare that Apple was a superior inventor. And he lost nothing ..."<ref name="Snyder">Benjamin Snyder, How Steve Jobs totally tricked Carly Fiorina: The story of the ill-fated iPod+HP, Fortune (October 1, 2015).</ref>

Layoffs

In January 2001, HP laid off 1,700 marketing employees.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In June 2001, Fiorina asked employees to either take pay cuts or use their allotted vacation time to cut additional costs, resulting in more than 80,000 people signing up and saving HP Template:USD130 million.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Despite these efforts from employees, in July Fiorina announced that 6,000 jobs would be cut, the biggest reduction in the company's 64-year history,<ref name="USAToday01">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> but those cuts would not actually occur until after the Compaq merger was announced.<ref>Richtel, Matt. "Can Hewlett-Compaq Succeed Beyond PC's?", The New York Times (September 5, 2001): "The new company would have 135,000 employees, a figure that includes 15,000 job cuts, in addition to 11,000 previously announced cutbacks (5,000 at Compaq and 6,000 at Hewlett-Packard) that have yet to take place."</ref> In September 2001, Fiorina said she intended to cut an additional 15,000 jobs in the event of a merger with Compaq.<ref name=USAToday01/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In all, Fiorina laid off 30,000 U.S. employees.<ref name=Farley/><ref name="The Guardian, March 29, 2015">Template:Cite news</ref> According to PolitiFact, those 30,000 layoffs were "as a result of the merger with Compaq...."<ref name=Farley /> By 2004 the number of HP employees was about the same as the pre-merger total of HP and Compaq combined, and that 2004 number included roughly 8,000 employees of other companies acquired by HP since 2001.<ref name=Farley>Farley, Robert. "Ad from Sen. Barbara Boxer attacks Carly Fiorina for layoffs at HP", PolitiFact (September 17, 2010): "According to SEC filings, HP had 84,400 employees worldwide in 2001, the year before the merger. In 2001, Compaq had 63,700 full-time employees. That comes to a total of 148,100 workers. In 2005, just after her departure, HP's worldwide workforce reached 150,000. Net gain? In the Los Angeles Times story, reporter Robin Abcarian said that statement is dubious, because 'in that same period, HP bought more than a dozen other U.S. companies with at least 8,000 employees, according to company filings, press releases and news reports.'...It's clear that Fiorina laid off 30,000 workers as a result of the merger with Compaq, as she said in the interview with InformationWeek. And it's clear that by October 2005 the merged company employed more workers than the two separate companies had pre-merger (Fiorina had been forced out seven months earlier in February 2005). But some of those jobs may have resulted from acquisitions, and some may have been abroad."</ref><ref name=LA>Abcarian, Robin. "Profits may not equal success", Los Angeles Times (May 20, 2010): "According to HP's government filings, the company had 84,400 employees worldwide in 2001, the year before the merger. In 2001, Compaq had 63,700 full-time employees. Together the two companies would have a total workforce of 148,100. But in that same period, HP bought more than a dozen other U.S. companies with at least 8,000 employees, according to company filings, press releases and news reports. And in 2005, when Fiorina was fired, the company reported a worldwide workforce of 150,000."</ref><ref name="washingtonpost.com">Kessler, Glenn. "Carly Fiorina's misleading claims about her business record", The Washington Post (May 8, 2015): "[T]he number of [HP] employees was 84,800 in 1999 and 151,000 in 2004, according to the 10-K reports. On paper, that certainly looks like an increase in jobs. But before the merger with Compaq, HP had 86,200 employees and Compaq had 63,700 employees. That adds up to 149,900. HP's filings show that the combined company had 141,000 employees in 2002 and 142,000 employees in 2003. By 2005, the number was 150,000. In other words, the number of employees barely budged from the pre-merger totalTemplate:Sndand people lost jobs as a result. The Los Angeles Times, evaluating Fiorina's record when she ran for the Senate in 2010, noted that during her tenure HP also acquired more than a dozen other companies with at least 8,000 employees. Indeed, Fiorina has acknowledged firing more than 30,000 workers in the wake of the Compaq merger."</ref> Altogether, under Fiorina's leadership, HP had a net gain of employees, including employees from mergers as well as hires in countries outside the United States.<ref name="Goldman"/>

In 1999, when Fiorina became CEO of HP, the company had 84,800 employees.<ref name="washingtonpost.com" /> After the merger with Compaq, the company had a total of 145,000 employees worldwide.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> At the time of her resignation in 2005, after HP had acquired several other companies, HP had about 150,000 employees.<ref name=Farley />

Forced resignation

HP's revenue doubled and the rate of patent filings increased due to mergers with Compaq and other companies during Fiorina's stint as CEO.<ref name="USATodayMoney">President Fiorina? How Carly did at HP, USA Today (May 4, 2015).</ref><ref name="WPfactcheck">Carly Fiorina's misleading claims about her business record, The Washington Post (May 8, 2015).</ref> In addition, HP's cash flow increased by 40%, to around $6.8 billion.<ref name=Sellers>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Gandel>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, the company underperformed by a number of other metrics: there were no gains in HP's net income despite a 70% gain in net income of the S&P 500 over this period;<ref name="USATodayMoney" /> the company's debt rose from Template:USD4.25 billion to Template:USD6.75 billion;<ref name="USATodayMoney" /> and its stock price fell by 50%, exceeding declines in the S&P 500 Information Technology Sector index and the NASDAQ.<ref name="USATodayMoney" /><ref name="MercNewsAnalysts">Analysts: Carly Fiorina long on vision, fell short on execution at HP, San Jose Mercury News (April 20, 2010).</ref> By contrast, stock prices for IBM and Dell fell by 27.5% and 3% respectively during this time.<ref name="MercNewsAnalysts"/> The Compaq acquisition was not as transformative as Fiorina and the board had envisioned: in the merger proxy, they had forecasted that the PC division of the merged entities would generate an operating margin of 3.0% in 2003, while the actual figure was 0.1% in that year and 0.9% in 2004.<ref name=stanford/>

In 2004, HP fell dramatically short of its predicted third-quarter earnings, and Fiorina fired three executives during a 5 AM telephone call.<ref name="johnson"/> In early January 2005, the Hewlett-Packard board of directors discussed with Fiorina a list of issues that the board had regarding the company's performance and disappointing earning reports.<ref name=stanford/><ref name=PuiWing>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Burrows/> The board proposed a plan to shift her authority to HP division heads, which Fiorina resisted strongly.<ref name=Burrows>Template:Cite news</ref> A week after the meeting, the confidential plan was leaked to The Wall Street Journal.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to BusinessWeek's Ben Elgin, directors were also concerned about the board's inability to work effectively with Fiorina.<ref name="Dr. Tim Irwin">Template:Cite book</ref>

Less than a month later, the board brought back Tom Perkins and forced Fiorina to resign as chair and chief executive officer of the company.<ref name="hpresignation">Template:Cite press release</ref> The company's stock jumped 6.9 percent on news of her departure, adding almost three billion dollars to the value of HP in a single day.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In her book Tough Choices, she referred to board members' behavior as "amateurish and immature".<ref name=tough.choices.30>Fiorina, Tough Choices, Chapter 30.</ref> Larry Sonsini, who investigated the leak related to Fiorina's forced resignation, described the board in his report to Fiorina as being "dysfunctional."<ref name=tough.choices.30/>

On May 13, 2008, HP, under then-Chief Executive Mark Hurd, confirmed that it had reached a deal to buy Electronic Data Systems, the largest since the Compaq purchase. The price was a reported $12.6 billion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> At the time of the announcement, Loren Steffy of The Houston Chronicle suggested that the EDS acquisition after Fiorina's tenure was evidence that her failed plan to acquire part of Pricewaterhouse Coopers was justified.<ref name="livemint.com">Steffy, Loren. With merger, HP adopts Fiorina's strategy 8 years later, San Francisco Chronicle (May 14, 2008) (opinion).</ref>

Under the company's agreement with Fiorina, which was characterized as a golden parachute by Time magazine,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and Yahoo! Finance,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fiorina received a severance package valued at Template:USD21 million, which consisted of 2.5 times her annual salary plus bonus and the balance from accelerated vesting of stock options.<ref name=stanford/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to Fortune magazine, Fiorina collected over Template:USD100 million in compensation during her short tenure at HP.<ref name=Fortune.2015>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Business leadership image

In 2003, Fiorina was named by Fortune Magazine the most powerful woman in business, a position she held for five years.<ref name=stanford/><ref name=Sellers98>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Money>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2004, she was included in the Time 100 ranking of "most influential people in the world today"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and named tenth on the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2005, The Wall Street Journal described Fiorina as the epitome of "an alluring, controversial new breed of chief executive officers who combine grand visions with charismatic but self-centered and demanding styles".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The same year, Wharton School professor Michael Useem opined, "Fiorina scored high on leadership style, but she failed to execute strategy".<ref name="wharton">HP After Carly: What Went Wrong?, "Knowledge@Wharton", Wharton School (March 30, 2005).</ref>

Following her forced resignation from HP, several commentators ranked Fiorina as one of the worst American (or tech) CEOs of all time.<ref name="cbsnews">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="usatoday">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2008, InfoWorld grouped her with a list of products and ideas that flopped, declaring that her tenure as CEO of HP was the sixth worst tech flop of all time, and characterizing her as the "anti-Steve Jobs" for reversing the goodwill of "geeks" and alienating existing customers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During Fiorina's tenure as CEO, HP leased or purchased five planes, including two Gulfstream IVs, to replace four aging aircraft, only one of which had the range to fly overseas.<ref name=PolitifactGulfstream>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Harwell26Sept>Template:Cite news</ref> One Gulfstream IV, acquired at a cost of Template:USD30 million and available for Fiorina's "exclusive" use,<ref name=Abcarian24Sept>Template:Cite news</ref> became a rallying point among HP employees who complained of Fiorina's expensive self-promotion and top-down managerial style during a time of company layoffs.<ref name=stanford/><ref name="USAToday01"/><ref name=Harwell26Sept/> Jeffrey Sonnenfeld of Yale School of Management said in August 2015 that problems with Fiorina's leadership style were what caused HP to lose half its value during her tenure.<ref name=Fortune.2015/>

Others have defended her business leadership decisions and viewed the Compaq merger as successful over the long term.<ref name="livemint.com"/><ref name=Zapler>Zapler, Mike. "Analysts: Carly Fiorina long on vision, fell short on execution at HP", San Jose Mercury News (April 20, 2010).</ref><ref name=Barrett>Barrett, Craig. "History straightens out facts; Carly Fiorina positioned HP for success", San Jose Mercury News (April 4, 2010) (opinion).</ref><ref name=bloom>Brilliant, or Blunder? A Rashomon Roundtable on Carly Fiorina's Compaq Acquisition, Bloomberg News (May 4, 2015).</ref>

Transition of career and public persona

Autobiography

In October 2006, Fiorina published an autobiography entitled Tough Choices, about her career and her views on issues, what constitutes a leader, how women can thrive in business, and the role technology will continue to play in reshaping the world. A review by NPR Books noted that "The book covers Fiorina's rise and fall as America's most powerful female executive."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Earlier books by others about Fiorina's role in the merger at HP included: Backfire, (2003)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> by Peter Burrows, and Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard, (2003),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> by George Anders. A 2003 review by The New York Times of these books said, "Two new books about the deal and its main championTemplate:SndHewlett-Packard's chair and chief executive officer, Carly FiorinaTemplate:Sndshow that there is much investors can glean immediately from this merger."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Other organizational involvement

In October 2007, Fiorina signed with the Fox Business Network as a business commentator.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

After resigning from HP, Fiorina served on the board of Revolution Health Group<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and computer security company Cybertrust in 2005.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2006, she became a member of the board of directors for chip maker Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but resigned from that board on November 30, 2009, with the company saying this was "because she planned to devote her full time and energy" to her Senate campaign.<ref name=TSMC>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She had attended 17% of the TSMC directors' meetings in 2009 and 20% of TSMC directors' meetings in 2008.<ref name=TSMCAnnual>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=TSMCAnnual08>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She served as a member of the MIT Corporation<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> from 2004 to 2012. She was a member of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2005.<ref name=PuiWing/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> She is an honorary fellow of the London Business School.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> In July 2012, Governor Bob McDonnell of Virginia appointed her to the James Madison University Board of Visitors.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2015, Fiorina received an honorary degree and delivered the commencement address at Southern New Hampshire University.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Fiorina is the chair and CEO of Carly Fiorina Enterprises, a business and charitable foundation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A spokesperson described Fiorina Enterprises as "...a nonprofit enterprise that helped Fiorina structure speaking engagements and appearances while providing the public with information about her activities..."<ref name="SF Chronicle"/> The San Francisco Chronicle reported that, as of July 2009, she had "never registered her Carly Fiorina Enterprises to conduct business in California, either with the California secretary of state or the clerk of Santa Clara County, where Fiorina lives."<ref name="SF Chronicle">Template:Cite news</ref>

Nonprofit work

Good360

In April 2012, Fiorina became chair of Good360, a 501(c)(3) nonpartisan nonprofit organization in Alexandria, Virginia, which helps companies donate excess merchandise to charities.<ref name="carly">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Good360 has been consistently ranked by Forbes magazine as one of the top 10 most efficient charities,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and ranked as the 33rd largest charity in the United States.<ref name="Forbes50">Template:Cite news</ref> Good360 is "the largest product donation marketplace in the world. We help companies take excess inventory and then distribute that excess inventory to 37,000 vetted charities around this country."<ref name="FiorinaGood360">Template:Cite news</ref>

In September 2014, Fiorina led an effort by Good360 to get American corporations "to help combat the Ebola virus in West Africa – by donating specific items".<ref name="G360">Template:Cite news</ref> She left the organization when she declared her presidential candidacy in 2015.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

One Woman Initiative

Fiorina served as Fund Chair of One Woman Initiative (OWI), a partnership between the private sector and government agencies, including the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Department of State (DoS).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> OWI describes itself as "An International Women's Empowerment Fund" that seeks to "support existing initiatives in Muslim majority countries and countries with large Muslim populations" and "focus on key empowerment issues including entrepreneurship, political leadership, and the rule of law".<ref name=DOS>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> OWI said it would raise funds in order to give grants to achieve these objectives, with contributions managed through a separate section 501(c)(3) designated organization.<ref name=DOS/>

In June 2009, USAID announced that OWI grants totaling over Template:USD500,000 had been made to grassroots organizations in Azerbaijan, Egypt, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines.<ref name="USAID OWI">Template:Cite press release</ref>

Opportunity International

On February 14, 2013, Opportunity International announced a partnership with Fiorina and OWI to provide financial resources, education and training to two million women living in poverty.<ref name=OpportunityIntl>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fiorina was referred to as Global Ambassador to Opportunity International.<ref name=OpportunityIntl/> On May 4, 2015, Opportunity International announced that Fiorina was resigning from the Board after the announcement of her presidential candidacy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Fiorina Foundation

Fiorina is the chair and CEO of the Fiorina Foundation, a charity that has donated to causes including Care-a-Van for Kids, a transportation program to aid seriously ill children; and the African Leadership Academy, an educational institution in South Africa. Florina's website states that the foundation "enables corporations, spokeswomen entrepreneurs and philanthropists alike to address some of the world's most challenging issues".<ref name="SF Chronicle"/>

The San Francisco Chronicle reported that "Records also show that her Fiorina Foundation has never registered with the Internal Revenue Service or the state attorney general's charitable trust division, which tax-exempt charities are required to do. A spokeswoman commented that "Fiorina and her staff believed the foundation was not required to file with the IRS because it accepted no outside contributions and donated only her personal wealth to worthy causes."<ref name="SF Chronicle"/>

Colonial Williamsburg Foundation

In 2017, Fiorina joined the board of trustees for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. In December 2020, she was elected the chair of the board of trustees.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Political career

Fiorina has never held public office,<ref name=USAToday.fiorina-race>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Guardian.siliconvalley>Template:Cite news</ref> but said that her status as an outsider is a positive attribute, given that in her opinion, professional politicians have failed to deliver to the American people,<ref name=USAToday.fiorina-race/> stating in an interview with Fox News in 2015 that "82% of the American people now think we need people from outside the professional political class to serve in public office."<ref name=TheGuardian.outsider>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Republican National Committee fundraising chair and 2008 campaign

In 2006, Fiorina worked as an advisor for Republican senator John McCain's presidential campaign. The New York Times noted that while she did not want to run, she was an executive who could possibly become a candidate for president.<ref name="Zernike2008">Template:Cite news</ref> On March 7, 2008, Fiorina was named fundraising chair for the Republican National Committee's "Victory" initiative. She was reportedly a "point person" for the McCain campaign on issues related to business and economic affairs.<ref name=Carpenter>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fiorina's severance package from Hewlett-Packard in 2005 was viewed by some as a political liability during the campaign.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Referring to the McCain campaign, Newsweek described Fiorina as "the most prominent surrogate on economics issues in any of the major campaigns."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Earlier that day, she defended the selection of Sarah Palin as McCain's running mate and said that Palin was being subjected to sexist attacks, a charge she repeated a few days later in response to one of the Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

When asked during a radio interview on September 15, 2008, whether she thought Palin had the experience to run a major company like Hewlett-Packard, Fiorina answered "No, I don't. But that's not what she's running for. Running a corporation is a different set of things." When questioned about her answer, she answered, "I don't think John McCain could run a major corporation." Fiorina further said that none of the candidates on either ticket had the experience to run a major corporation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="King">Template:Cite news</ref> After media coverage of Fiorina's comments, she "disappeared from public view" and planned television appearances were cancelled,<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Cbignore</ref> although she continued to chair the party's fundraising committee.<ref name="Carpenter" /><ref name="King" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite episode</ref> Responding to Barack Obama's victory over Hillary Clinton in the Democratic primary, Fiorina sought to attract more women to the Republican camp by praising Clinton's effort.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Vice presidential campaign speculation

In early 2008, she was referred to in media sources as a potential vice presidential candidate,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In discussing the possibility of Fiorina becoming McCain's running mate, political analyst Stuart Rothenberg pointed out her potential downside, stating that she "is rather easy to sketch out" because she would "become a talking point for Democrats" who would focus on Fiorina's generous severance package from when she had left HP and her management style. Rothenberg concluded that Fiorina was "like a dream come true" for Democratic opposition researchers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Defense Business Board and Central Intelligence Agency

Fiorina performed unpaid service on the Defense Business Board, which looked at staffing issues, among others, at The Pentagon.<ref name="Williamson Close Look">Template:Cite news</ref>

Fiorina spent two years leading the Central Intelligence Agency's External Advisory Board, from 2007 to 2009,<ref name="Williamson Close Look"/> and became chair of that board,<ref name="Geraghty">Template:Cite news</ref> when the board was first created in 2007 by then-CIA director Michael Hayden during the George W. Bush administration.<ref name=Kucinich>Template:Cite news</ref>

2010 U.S. Senate candidacy for California

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:Carly Fiorina 2010 Sign.jpg

Fiorina's campaign sign during her candidacy for U.S. Senator from California

On November 4, 2009, Fiorina formally announced her candidacy in the 2010 Senate election in a bid to unseat incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fiorina's campaign in the Republican primary for that seat received a number of endorsements, including one from Sarah Palin in the form of a Facebook note.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Her campaign ad about Republican rival Tom Campbell featuring a "Demon Sheep"Template:Sndcreated by Fiorina advertising consultant Fred Davis III Template:Sndgenerated largely negative international publicity.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After the ad went viral, the California Democratic Party created a parody of the ad depicting Fiorina herself as a demon sheep.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On June 8, 2010, Fiorina won the Republican primary election for the Senate with over 50 percent of the vote, beating Campbell and state assemblyman Chuck DeVore.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

A Los Angeles Times search of public records indicated Fiorina had failed to vote in most elections. Fiorina responded: "I'm a lifelong registered Republican but I haven't always voted, and I will provide no excuse for it. You know, people die for the right to vote. And there are many, many Californians and Americans who exercise that civic duty on a regular basis. I didn't. Shame on me."<ref name="Hiltzik">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Lin">Template:Cite news</ref>

The Los Angeles Times noted that Fiorina had conservative positions on certain social issues. She personally opposed abortion, except in cases of rape, incest, or endangerment of the mother's life.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As a private citizen, she stated that she voted for Proposition 8, which defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following an August 4, 2010, federal court ruling that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional, Fiorina expressed disagreement with the ruling, saying that California voters spoke clearly against same-sex unions when a majority approved the proposition in 2008.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She stated that she opposed litmus tests for Supreme Court nominations and did not favor a federal "personhood" amendment.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fiorina had called global warming a "serious issue" but said that the science surrounding it is inconclusive, saying "I think we should have the courage to examine the science on an ongoing basis."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In a campaign ad, Fiorina likened Boxer's concerns over global warming to worrying about "the weather."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fiorina accepted contributions from the coal industry<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as well as Koch Industries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fiorina opposed the cap-and-trade legislation supported by Boxer, and thought efforts to control greenhouse gases would cost 3 million jobs and are "massively destructive".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In financial disclosures, Fiorina identified her net worth at between Template:USD30 million and Template:USD120 million,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and by October 22, Fiorina had contributed a total of Template:USD6.5 million to her own race.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Sarah Palin was set to appear at a GOP fundraiser two weeks ahead of the November 2 election, but neither Meg Whitman (the Republican nominee for Governor of California) nor Fiorina – both big-name Republicans – planned to attend. The prediction was that Palin's primary endorsement would jeopardize her general election candidacy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Boxer won the general election, defeating Fiorina 52.2% to 42.2%.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

"Unlocking Potential Project" PAC

Fiorina launched and developed a political action committee (PAC) known as "Up-Project" (short for "Unlocking Potential Project")<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> from 2011 to 2014. The stated mission of the organization was "...to engage women with new messages and new messengers by focusing on personal interactions with voters and going beyond the traditional methods of identifying, persuading and turning-out voters..."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In November 2014, The Washington Post reported that "Helping Fiorina chart her political future are consultants Frank Sadler, who once worked for Koch Industries, and Stephen DeMaura, a strategist who heads Americans for Job Security, a pro-business advocacy group in Virginia";<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Up-Project website lists Fiorina as chair.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

American Conservative Union Foundation and CPAC

File:Carly Fiorina by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg

Carly Fiorina speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), in National Harbor, Maryland, February 26, 2015

On October 1, 2013, Al Cardenas, chair of the American Conservative Union (ACU), appointed Fiorina as chair of the American Conservative Union Foundation (ACUF), the ACU's educational arm.<ref name=ACUFappoint>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The ACU is a conservative 501(c)(4) organization, while the ACUF is its affiliated 501(c)(3) foundation, which organizes the annual Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC).<ref name=Kucinich/><ref name=ACUFappoint/>

Fiorina was co-chair of CPAC 2014, making a speech at the conference.<ref name=Kucinich/> At CPAC 2015, Fiorina again made a speech at the conference.<ref name="Geraghty"/><ref name=Kucinich/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was speculated that Fiorina would announce her candidacy for the Republican nomination for president in that speech,<ref name="Geraghty"/><ref name=Kucinich/> but Fiorina did not, instead making her official announcement months later, on May 4, 2015, in a television and promotional video, therein repeating her talking points from CPAC and including an attack on Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton.<ref name=Chozick>Template:Cite news</ref>

Fiorina resigned as ACU Foundation chair in early 2015.<ref>Andrew J. Tobias, Here are 6 Cleveland venues that are hosting watch parties for the GOP debate on Thursday, Cleveland Plain Dealer (August 4, 2015).</ref>

U.S. presidential campaign, 2016

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Carly Fiorina at the 2015 Iowa Growth & Opportunity Party at the Iowa State Fairgrounds in Des Moines, Iowa, October 2015

Fiorina ruled out running for the U.S. Senate in 2016,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but refused to rule out running for president in 2016 or Governor of California in 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In November 2014, The Washington Post reported that Fiorina was "actively exploring" a run for president. Her business background and status as the only CEO and the only woman in a "sea of suited men" were mentioned as positives, though Republican strategists pointed to her poor 2010 Senate performance, unpaid campaign debt, and dismissal from HP as "considerable challenges" to her prospects.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In March 2015, Fiorina said on Fox News Sunday that there was a "higher than 90% chance" that she would run for president in 2016.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On May 4, 2015, Fiorina announced her candidacy during an interview on Good Morning America, with George Stephanopoulos.<ref name="Yes">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fiorina entered the race with immediate criticism of Hillary Clinton. It was reported that the GOP saw Fiorina as "the tip of the spear" in its attack of the Clinton campaign because she was uniquely positioned to isolate her criticisms of Clinton from claims of gender bias.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Shortly after Fiorina announced her entry into the 2016 presidential race, in a replay of her 2010 senatorial race, the social media and editorial outlets questioned her tenure as HP's CEO as a basis for her run for president, focusing around US job cuts and offshoring that Fiorina directed during her tenure at HP, and contrasting it with the high compensation bonuses she received from the company.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Campaign Manager, Sarah Isgur Flores, deflected the job cut criticism saying, Fiorina "worked hard to save as many jobs as possible."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On August 6, Fiorina participated in Fox News's first GOP debate. Failing to qualify for one of the Fox News prime-time debate slots, she was relegated to the debate airing earlier the same day.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fiorina's performance led news sources to conclude she had won the early debate.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following the debate, several pundits correctly predicted that her polling numbers would surge.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On August 9, Fiorina reported an uptick in fundraising support.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In an online poll by NBC and SurveyMonkey on August 10, Fiorina came in fourth of the seventeen Republican contenders with 8% of the sampled Republican primary voters saying they would support her in a primary or a caucus, a gain in support of six points from previous polling data.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> At another debate in September, hosted by CNN, Fiorina misrepresented a Planned Parenthood sting video, describing a grisly scene which was not in the video. She was sharply criticized for this in the media;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the gaffe consumed much of the post-debate coverage.<ref name=Politifact/> Planned Parenthood responded that she had lied, saying it was "not the first time Carly Fiorina has lied."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> PolitiFact chief editor Angie Drobnic Holan mentioned this particular lie in a December 2015 comparison of the presidential candidates with regard to their truthfulness. In the comparison, Fiorina scored 50% falsehood, the sixth worst performance.<ref name=Politifact>Template:Cite news</ref>

The National Review pointed out her role as foil to Hillary Clinton, saying "Carly Fiorina is no doubt getting attention because of her unique background, but more and more people are staying to listen because she has something fresh to say", and that "Fiorina also seems to relish the role of being the most pointed critic of Hillary Clinton.... She contrasts her background as a 'problem solver' with Clinton's record as a professional politician."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Nation commented, "With so-called women's issues poised to play an unprecedented role in the upcoming election, Republicans need someone who can troll Hillary Clinton without seeming sexist."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Meg Whitman, then CEO of Hewlett-Packard, stated that in her opinion Fiorina was not qualified to be President of the United States, stating that a business background is important but that having worked in government is also important, and that "it's very difficult for your first role in politics to be President of the United States".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

As part of her financial disclosures related to her candidacy, Fiorina reported a net worth of Template:USD59 million, with Template:USD12 million in income in 2013.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> International Business Times estimates Fiorina's net worth between Template:USD30 million and Template:USD120 million.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Her performances in early debates for the Republican primary nomination, particularly her rebukes of front-runner Donald Trump in the September 16, 2015, debate, earned her a significant spike in the polls from 3% to 15% post-debate,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Jeremy W. Peters – "Carly Fiorina Gains Traction in Debate, Helping G.O.P. Reach Out to Women", The New York Times, September 17, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2015</ref><ref>Sean Sullivan and Jose A. DelReal – "Carly Fiorina wins lots of praise for debate, but she's not bragging", The Washington Post, September 17, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2015</ref> but her polling numbers dropped to 4% by October,<ref name=NYT1020>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and to 3% in December.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On February 10, due to weak results in the Iowa and New Hampshire primaries, Fiorina announced that her campaign was suspended.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On March 9, 2016, Fiorina endorsed Texas Senator Ted Cruz for President, saying she was "horrified" by Donald Trump, and that Cruz was the only candidate that could stop him.<ref name="Fiorina for Cruz">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Vice presidential campaign and aftermath

On April 27, 2016, Cruz announced that, if he were selected as the party's presidential nominee, he would choose Fiorina as his vice presidential running mate,<ref name="VP pick">Template:Cite news</ref> but after losing the Indiana primary six days later, he suspended his campaign,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> making her vice-presidential candidacy the shortest in modern American history.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite news</ref>

Fiorina received one electoral college vote for vice president from a faithless elector in Texas.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following Trump's election, Fiorina was considered for the position of director of national intelligence during the 2016 transition period.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite news</ref> In 2020, Fiorina endorsed Joe Biden's presidential campaign due to her disapproval of President Donald Trump.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />

Political positions

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}When she first entered politics as a Senate candidate in November 2009, Carly Fiorina was "considered to be a moderate Republican with little history on social issues" and her views changed during her run for Senate and her run for President in 2016.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2017, she has described herself as conservative.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2020, Fiorina announced that she would vote for Joe Biden for President.<ref name=":5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> FiveThirtyEight, a non-partisan organization which analyzes candidates' positions and conducts polling, considered Fiorina to be within the moderate and establishment wings of the GOP.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Social issues

Fiorina is anti-abortion.<ref name="PetroskiSoapbox">William Petroski, Fiorina blasts 'crony capitalism' in Iowa soapbox remarks, Des Moines Register (August 17, 2015).</ref> She expressed support for legislation to ban abortions 20 weeks after fertilization, with an exception for cases of rape, incest, or danger to the life of the mother.<ref name="PBS Issues">Template:Cite news</ref> In 2010, she said that Roe v. Wade was settled law, but later reversed that position.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fiorina supported overturning Roe v. Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court ruling that legalized abortion in the United States, allowing states to set their own abortion policies.<ref name="PBS Issues" /> She does support embryonic stem-cell research if the embryos were not created for that purpose.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In a February 2015 speech, Fiorina acknowledged the scientific consensus that climate change is real and caused by human activity,<ref name="PBS Issues" /> but expressed skepticism that government can affect the issue,<ref name="PBS Issues" /><ref name="Mullany">Template:Cite news</ref> and has "implied that targeting the coal industry will not solve the problem".<ref name="PBS Issues" />

Fiorina said in May 2015 that "drug addiction shouldn't be criminalized" and cited "decriminalizing drug addiction and drug use" as an example of a successful reform.<ref name="WaPo.drug-addiction" /> Fiorina opposes the legalization of marijuana, but says that she believes in states' rights, and that as president she will not enforce the federal ban on marijuana in Colorado, where voters have legalized marijuana as a matter of state law.<ref name="Rifkin">Jesse Rifkin, Carly Fiorina Wouldn't Enforce Federal Marijuana Ban In States With Legalization, The Huffington Post (May 8, 2015).</ref>

While running for president, Fiorina has been a critic of the Common Core State Standards.<ref name="Hensch">Mark Hensch, Fiorina: US education 'a big problem', The Hill (May 31, 2015).</ref><ref name="FiorinaVoucher">Carly Fiorina, How to Fix Our Broken Education System? Give Every Parent and Student a Choice and a Chance Template:Webarchive, Iowa Republican (July 22, 2015).</ref> In September 2015, Fiorina said: "No Child Left Behind, Race to the Top, Common Core – they're all big, bureaucratic programs that are failing our nation."<ref name="Ben-Meir">Ilan Ben-Meir, Carly Fiorina Has Completely Reversed Her Position On Federal Education Policies Since 2010, BuzzFeed News (September 11, 2015).</ref> This was a reversal of her position on federal education policies during her 2010 campaign for U.S. Senate from California.<ref name="Ben-Meir" /><ref>Alyson Klein, Huckabee, Carson, Fiorina Join GOP Presidential Race, Education Week (May 5, 2015) ("Fiorina's position on Common Core has also, umm, 'evolved.' As an ultimately unsuccessful Senate candidate in 2010, Fiorina praised the Obama administration's Race to the Top programTemplate:Sndwhich encouraged the adoption of Common CoreTemplate:Sndon her campaign website. Without mentioning Common Core by name specifically, she lauded the program for championing 'internationally benchmarked' standards and assessments that help prepare students for the 21st-century job market. But more recently, she has tweaked others in the GOP field, especially former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, for their support of the standards...").</ref> In that campaign, Fiorina issued a position paper in which she "strongly advocated for metric-based accountability in schools" and "praised No Child Left Behind as setting high standards, and Race to the Top for using internationally-benchmarked measures."<ref name="PBS Issues" />

In California, Fiorina supported the DREAM Act, which would allow children brought to the U.S. by their parents when they were under the age of 16 to secure permanent U.S. residency and a path to citizenship, if they graduate from college or serve in the armed forces.<ref name="PBS Issues" /><ref name="Mullany" /><ref name="Knowles">David Knowles, Carly Fiorina: No Path to Citizenship for those Who Came to U.S. Illegally, Bloomberg (May 4, 2015).</ref>

Carly Fiorina opposed same-sex marriage, but supported civil unions. She later said that she hoped the nation would support Obergefell v. Hodges, the decision legalizing same-sex marriage, and also respect individuals' consciences.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In November 2009, during a The Wall Street Journal interview, Fiorina said that she voted in favor of Proposition 8, a California ballot proposition that banned same-sex marriage in that state. During the 2010 United States Senate election in California, Fiorina was endorsed by GOProud, a gay conservative organization.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2010, Fiorina stated that she supported the Defense of Marriage Act, but also supported civil unions.<ref>Jason Linkins, Fiorina Opposes Same-Sex Marriage With the Help of Political Cover From Democrats, The Huffington Post (September 2, 2010).</ref> She supported the repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell.<ref name=":4" /> In 2015, Fiorina reaffirmed her support for civil unions with the same government benefits accorded to married persons.<ref>Carly Fiorina Reaffirms Support for Same-Sex Civil Unions, Bloomberg News (April 1, 2015).</ref> She does not support a constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2017, Fiorina headlined the 40th anniversary of Log Cabin Republicans, a political action committee which supports LGBT rights.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In her address, she said, "Everyone has to be free to be who they are."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Fiorina believes employers should decide whether they should provide paid maternity leave to their employees and it should not be mandated by the government, noting that some companies in the private sector are already doing so.<ref name="KWalshUSNews08102015">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="DJamiesonHuffPost08092015">Template:Cite news</ref> She also pointed out that HP, while she was CEO, offered paid maternity leave.<ref name="KWalshUSNews08102015" />

Foreign and military policy

Fiorina has criticized the international nuclear agreement with Iran, saying that Iran is "at the heart" of evil in the Middle East;<ref>David Sirota & Andrew Perez, Republican Debate: Carly Fiorina Positions As GOP Candidate Contrast With Longtime Record, International Business Times (August 6, 2015).</ref> that the agreement is a "flawed deal";<ref>Carly Fiorina, Opinion: A false choice and a flawed deal, Fox News (April 2, 2015).</ref> and that "there is a lot of reason to be suspicious" of it.<ref name="RKaplanCBS07142015">Template:Cite news</ref> Fiorina also suggested that verification provisions in the agreement were insufficient and that approval of the agreement by the international community and the U.S.'s negotiating partners was suspect because Russia and China have an interest in gaining access to Iran's economy and the European Union "has negotiated, frankly, a number of weak deals."<ref name="RKaplanCBS07142015"/> Fiorina opposes the normalization of U.S.-Cuba relations, telling Hugh Hewitt that if elected she would close the U.S. embassy in Havana.<ref>Simon Maloy, GOP's dead-end Cuba gamble: Republicans' Cold War-era tough talk won't come to anything, Salon (July 2, 2015).</ref>

In a January 2015 discussion with an Iowa political blogger, Fiorina said of the Chinese: "They're not terribly imaginative. They're not entrepreneurial. They don't innovate. That's why they're stealing our intellectual property."<ref>Lydia O'Connor, Carly Fiorina Calls the Chinese Unimaginative Idea Thieves, The Huffington Post (May 26, 2015).</ref> Fiorina supports keeping the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba open.<ref name="Catanese">David Catanese, Carly Fiorina Would Cancel the State Dinner With China, U.S. News & World Report (September 22, 2015).</ref> In September 2015, Fiorina "offered a vigorous defense of CIA waterboarding," a tactic used by the United States during the George W. Bush-era War on Terror.<ref name="Isikoff" /> Fiorina's interest in national security issues led to her name being floated for the position of director of national intelligence by Donald Trump during the 2016 transition period.<ref name=":3" />

Economic and fiscal Issues

Fiorina was critical of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) health care reform legislation during the debate in 2009 that led to the act's passage.<ref>Fiorina: Obama might have to 'eat his words' on health reform Template:Webarchive, CNN (November 22, 2009).</ref> Fiorina has supported repealing the ACA during both her 2010 Senate run in California,<ref name="Hoag">Christina Hoag, Fiorina: Health reform must make insurers compete Template:Webarchive, Associated Press (October 21, 2010).</ref><ref>Frank Bruni, Carly Fiorina Means Business, New York Times Magazine (June 2, 2010) ("[D]uring this campaign, [Fiorina] has assiduously courted the right, calling for the repeal of health care reform").</ref> and in her 2015 presidential campaign.<ref name="MTPNBCNews11062014">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="High Risk Pool">Sahil Kapur, Carly Fiorina's Obamacare Replacement Plan Hasn't Fared Well With House Republicans, Bloomberg Politics (May 4, 2015).</ref> Fiorina has called the law "deeply flawed"<ref name="Jackson">David Jackson, GOP candidates maintain their attacks on Obamacare, USA Today (June 25, 2015).</ref> and a "vast legislative overreach."<ref name="MTPNBCNews11062014" /> Fiorina supports an individual mandate that would require individuals to carry "high-deductible 'catastrophic care' insurance plans and use federal dollars to subsidize state-based high-risk pools to provide care for those who otherwise cannot afford it."<ref name="Moody">Chris Moody, Fiorina's long-held support for mandatory health insurance, CNN (September 25, 2015).</ref>

Fiorina has stated that "there is no constitutional role for the federal government to be setting minimum wages"<ref name="DelaneyWage">Arthur Delaney, Carly Fiorina Calls Minimum Wage Unconstitutional, The Huffington Post (October 28, 2015).</ref><ref>Steve Benen, Carly Fiorina sees minimum wage as unconstitutional, MSNBC (October 29, 2015).</ref> and that the minimum wage "is a classic example of a policy that is best carried out in the states" because economic conditions in New Hampshire vary significantly from more expensive economic conditions in Los Angeles or New York.<ref name="InterviewSMURManchesterNH">Template:Cite news</ref> Florina also believes that raising the federal minimum wage would "hurt those who are looking for entry-level jobs".<ref name="Mullany"/>

Fiorina opposes net neutrality rules adopted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and has said she would "roll back" that policy: "Regulation over innovation is a really bad role for government."<ref name="PBS Issues"/><ref>Charlotte Alter, Carly Fiorina Says She Would 'Roll Back' Net Neutrality Rules, Time (May 5, 2015).</ref><ref>Carly Fiorina, Op-ed: Obama's net neutrality failure, CNN (April 7, 2015).</ref> Fiorina has repeatedly criticized the rules, arguing that "the FCC just issuedTemplate:Sndwithout anyone commenting on it or anyone voting on itTemplate:Snd400 pages of new regulations over the Internet. It's not good, it's not helpful."<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Fiorina "generally believes that reducing government regulations helps to spur the economy".<ref name="Mullany"/> She has condemned the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, saying in April 2015 that "We should get rid of Dodd-Frank and start again."<ref>Kevin Cirilli, Fiorina: Abolish Wall Street reform law, The Hill (April 9, 2015).</ref> Fiorina has been questioned by some in the media for stating that not "a single regulation has ever been repealed."<ref name="Kessler">Glenn Kessler, Fact Checker: Carly Fiorina's claim that not 'a single regulation' has ever been repealed, The Washington Post (April 27, 2015).</ref> Glenn Kessler of The Washington Post said that, "Important parts of the economy have been deregulated in recent decades. While the repeal of a specific rule is relatively rare, there are certainly examples."<ref name="Kessler"/>

Fiorina favors lowering tax rates, simplifying the tax code, and closing loopholes that she says mostly benefit wealthy taxpayers.<ref name=Desjardins>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Ehrenfreund>Template:Cite news</ref> Florina has said "the government needs to take in less tax money, not more."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During her 2010 Senate campaign, Fiorina "called for eliminating the estate tax and capital gains taxes for investments in small businesses, and lowering marginal tax rates."<ref name="Mullany" /> Fiorina opposes proposals to increase the federal gas tax or state gas taxes in order to fund the Highway Trust Fund, asserting in a February 2015 The Wall Street Journal op-ed that "Any gas tax hike, big or small, will harm American families and hurt economic growth."<ref>Carly Fiorina & Penny Nance, Op-ed: Cheaper Gas? Politicians Want a Tax Fill-Up, The Wall Street Journal (February 11, 2015).</ref> Fiorina opposed the federal stimulus package of 2009 intended to create short-term job growth and invest in infrastructure, education, health, and renewable energy, calling it a waste of taxpayer money.<ref name="Mullany" /> Fiorina has said she would cut the pay of federal workers and base their compensation on performance.<ref name="Mullany" /> She also advocates zero-based budgeting for the federal budget, which would start the annual budgeting process for each department from a baseline of zero.<ref name="Desjardins" />

Fiorina favors expanding the H-1B visa program.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="auto"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Writing in opposition to proposals she considered protectionist in a 2004 The Wall Street Journal op-ed, Fiorina said that while "America is the most innovative country," it would not remain so if the country were to "run away from the reality of the global economy."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fiorina said to Congress in 2004: "There is no job that is America's God-given right anymore. We have to compete for jobs as a nation."<ref name="auto">Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal life

Fiorina (then Cara Carleton Sneed) married Todd Bartlem, a Stanford classmate, in June 1977. They divorced in 1984.<ref>Fiorina, Tough Choices, Ch. 6, Choices of the Heart.</ref> In 1981, she was introduced to AT&T executive Frank Fiorina, who told her on their third date that she would one day be running the company.<ref name=Raftery19June>Template:Cite news</ref> She married him in 1985; it was the second marriage for both. Fiorina has said that they wanted to have children together but "that wasn't God's plan".<ref>Fiorina, Tough Choices, pp. 88, 93–96, Chapter 12: Confrontation and Understanding.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Frank Fiorina took early retirement from AT&T in 1998<ref name=Raftery19June/> at age 48 to travel with and support his wife in her career.<ref name=Henneberger30Apr>Template:Cite news</ref>

Frank Fiorina had two daughters, Traci and Lori Ann, from his first marriage. Their mother, Patricia, was awarded custody of both children following the divorce. Carly helped her husband raise his daughters. Lori Ann struggled with alcoholism, prescription drug addiction and bulimia. She died in 2009 at age 35.<ref name="WaPo.drug-addiction">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Fiorina.personal>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

In February 2009, Fiorina was diagnosed with stage II breast cancer. She underwent a double mastectomy<ref name="Geraghty2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> at Stanford Hospital in March 2009, followed by chemotherapy, which caused her to temporarily lose her hair, and later radiation therapy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She was given "an excellent prognosis for a full recovery."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In late 2009, during her campaign for the United States Senate seat held by Barbara Boxer, Fiorina humorously told a group of supporters: "I have to say that after chemotherapy, Barbara Boxer just isn't that scary anymore."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

According to the financial disclosures filed by Fiorina's campaign in June 2015, she and her husband have a combined net worth of $59 million.<ref name="Ballhaus Net Worth">Rebecca Ballhaus, Carly Fiorina and Her Husband Have $59 Million Net Worth, The Wall Street Journal (June 3, 2015).</ref> Fiorina has released the income tax returns that she and her husband jointly filed in 2013 and 2012; in those years, the Fiorinas reported income of almost $2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.<ref name="Ballhaus Net Worth"/>

Fiorina and her husband live in a home in the Washington, D.C., suburb of Mason Neck, Virginia, overlooking the Potomac River.<ref name="Johnson">Jenna Johnson, Nine things to know about Carly Fiorina, The Washington Post (May 4, 2015).</ref><ref>Nancy Cook, Carly Fiorina's Audacious Sales Pitch, National Journal (February 13, 2015).</ref> The house and grounds were valued at $6.6 million in 2015.<ref name="Ballhaus Net Worth"/> At the time of the 2010 Senate election, Fiorina and her husband lived in Los Altos Hills, California, a San Francisco Bay area suburb.<ref name="Abcarian">Robin Abcarian: Profits may not equal success Carly Fiorina's business experience is a mixed blessing in political realm, Los Angeles Times (May 20, 2010).</ref><ref>Scott Gold, Fiorina presents a sharp contrast in images, Los Angeles Times (October 22, 2015).</ref> Between 2005 and 2012, Fiorina and her husband also owned a condominium in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, where they lived for roughly half the year; they sold the condo for $5.3 million.<ref name="Abcarian"/><ref>Mary Clare Glover, Luxury Homes: September 2005: Tech star Carly Fiorina buys $3.6-million condo, Washingtonian (September 1, 2005).</ref><ref>Nice Digs: Top Home Sales of 2012, Washingtonian (January 14, 2013).</ref><ref>Yuki Noguchi, Fiorina Uses Book Tour to Recast Her Image: Fiorina hasn't ruled out politics, The Washington Post (October 14, 2006).</ref>

Discussing her religious faith, Fiorina said that she is Christian.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Specifically, she said that "she was raised Episcopalian but is not a regular churchgoer."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

References

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

Anders, George (2003). Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard. New York: Penguin Group, 2003. Template:ISBN.
Burrows, Peter. Backfire: Carly Fiorina's High-Stakes Battle for the Soul of Hewlett-Packard. Wiley, 2003. Template:ISBN.
Fiorina, Carly (2006). Tough Choices: A Memoir. Portfolio Hardcover, 2006. hardcover: Template:ISBN, abridged audiobook: Template:ISBN
Fiorina, Carly (2015). Rising to the Challenge: My Leadership Journey, Penguin Group (Sentinel), Template:ISBN.

External links

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