Central European Free Trade Agreement

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Template:Short description Template:Refimprove Template:Infobox Geopolitical organization The Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) is an international trade agreement between countries mostly located in Southeastern Europe. Founded by representatives of Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, CEFTA over time expanded to Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Kosovo.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref>

Members

As of 2024, the parties of the CEFTA agreement are: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

Former parties are Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Their CEFTA memberships ended when they became member states of the European Union (EU). Kosovo was originally represented by UNMIK, but began representing itself from October 2024 onwards.<ref name=":0"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Parties of agreement Joined Template:NbspLeftTemplate:Nbsp Joined EU
Template:POL 21 December 1992 (signed)
1 March 1993 (entry into force)<ref name=CEFTA1992>Central European Free Trade Agreement, 21 December 1992.</ref><ref name=CEFTAHistory>Template:Cite web.</ref>		 30 April 2004 1 May 2004
Template:HUN
Template:CZETemplate:Efn
Template:SVKTemplate:Efn
Template:SVN 1 January 1996
Template:ROU 1 July 1997 31 December 2006 1 January 2007
Template:BUL 1 January 1999
Template:HRV 1 March 2003 30 June 2013 1 July 2013
Template:MKDTemplate:Efn 1 January 2006 — —
Template:ALB 1 May 2007<ref name=CEFTA2006>Agreement on Amendment of and Accession to the Central European Free Trade Agreement, 19 December 2006.</ref>
Template:BIH
Template:KOSTemplate:Efn
Template:MDA
Template:MNE
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Membership criteria

Former Poznań Declaration criteria:

Current criteria since Zagreb meeting in 2005:

  • WTO membership or commitment to respect all WTO regulations
  • any European Union Association Agreement
  • Free Trade Agreements with the current CEFTA member states

Current members

Contracting party Accession Population Template:Longitem Capital Template:Longitem Template:Longitem
Template:Flagicon Albania 1 May 2007 Template:Nts Template:Nts Tirana 55.049 18,037
Template:Flagicon Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Nts Template:Nts Sarajevo 77.076 18,409
Template:Flagicon KosovoTemplate:Efn Template:Nts Template:Nts Pristina 27.966 14,294
Template:Flagicon Moldova Template:Nts Template:Nts Chișinău 43.227 15,606
Template:Flagicon Montenegro Template:Nts 13,812 Podgorica 18.999 27,037
Template:Flagicon North Macedonia 1 Jan. 2006 Template:Nts Template:Nts Skopje 47.108 23,173
Template:Flagicon Serbia 1 May 2007 Template:Nts Template:Nts Belgrade 180.040 24,493

History

History of CEFTA members from 1992 to 2013. All of the original members of the trade pact became members of the European Union (EU), and because of such, Southeast European nations, such as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Montenegro, and Serbia, joined in and carried the CEFTA.
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Original agreement

The original CEFTA agreement was signed by the Visegrád Group countries, that is by Poland, Hungary and Czechia and Slovakia (at the time parts of the Czechoslovakia) on 21 December 1992 in Kraków, Poland. It came into force in July 1994. Through CEFTA, participating countries hoped to mobilize efforts to integrate into Western European institutions and through this, to join European political, economic, security and legal systems, thereby consolidating democracy and free-market economics.

The agreement was amended by the agreements signed on 11 September 1995 in Brno and on 4 July 2003 in Bled.

Slovenia joined CEFTA in 1996, Romania in 1997, Bulgaria in 1999, Croatia in 2003 and Macedonia in 2006.

2006 agreement

All of the parties of the original agreement had now joined the EU and thus left CEFTA. Therefore, it was decided to extend CEFTA to cover the rest of the Western Balkans, which already had completed a matrix of bilateral free trade agreements in the framework of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. On 6 April 2006, at the South East Europe Prime Ministers Summit in Bucharest, a joint declaration on expansion of CEFTA to Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Serbia, Montenegro and UNMIK (on behalf of Kosovo) was adopted.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Kosovo is directly represented in CEFTA since October 2024.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Accession of Ukraine has also been discussed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The new enlarged agreement was initialled on 9 November 2006 in Brussels and was signed on 19 December 2006 at the South East European Prime Ministers Summit in Bucharest.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The agreement came into effect on 26 July 2007 for Albania, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro and Macedonia, on 22 August for Croatia, on 24 October for Serbia, and on 22 November 2007 for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of the agreement was to establish a free trade zone in the region by 31 December 2010.

CEFTA 2006 aims at expanding regional trade in goods and services, creating an attractive environment for investment, and contributing to economic development and cooperation within the Parties. Laying down on the principles of WTO rules and procedures and harmonising its policies with the EU legislation, CEFTA provides an effective instrument for the Parties to accelerate their European integration agenda. Since the establishing, CEFTA has been deepening the areas of cooperation based on the needs of the businesses and strengthening trading relations between the Parties. From achieving the full liberalisation of trade in goods and further liberalisation in trade in services, via reducing trade related costs, harmonising the policies within the Parties based on the EU legislation, to expediting trade between Parties through electronic exchange of information, CEFTA has proven as a framework that ensures transparent trade relations between the Parties that can enable the businesses to improve their capacities for different markets.

Chair-in-office

The Chair-in-office rotates between member states:

Relations with the European Union

All former participating countries had previously signed association agreements with the EU, so in fact CEFTA has served as a preparation for full European Union membership.Template:Citation needed Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia joined the EU on 1 May 2004, with Bulgaria and Romania following suit on 1 January 2007. Croatia joined the EU on 1 July 2013.

Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, and North Macedonia have been undergoing EU accession talks since 2012, 2014 and 2022.

See also

Notes

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References

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