Chameleon (character)

Template:Short description Template:About Template:Redirect Template:All plot Template:Infobox comics character The Chameleon (Dmitri Smerdyakov; Russian: Дмитрий Смердяков) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko, the character first appeared in the debut issue of The Amazing Spider-Man in March 1963 as the first super-criminal to face the superhero Spider-Man. The Chameleon has since endured as one of Spider-Man's most recurring enemies belonging to the collective of adversaries that make up his rogues gallery.

In the Marvel Universe, the Chameleon is a master of disguise who can impersonate virtually anyone. Throughout his comic book appearances, his abilities have stemmed from the use of lifelike masks, holographic technology, and mutagenic enhancement, while his role in Spider-Man stories has varied from being depicted as a spy, hitman, and criminal mastermind. The Chameleon is also the half-brother of Kraven the Hunter, and he has also been a member of the Sinister Six and the Sinister Twelve at various points in his history.

The character has been featured in various other Marvel-licensed products, including feature films, television series, and video games. The character made his live-action debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), portrayed by Numan Acar. Fred Hechinger appeared as the character in the Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU) film Kraven the Hunter (2024).

Publication history

1960s

Dmitri Smerdyakov debuted in The Amazing Spider-Man #1 (March 1963), created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="DeFalco87">Template:Cite book</ref> The Chameleon is therefore the first member of Spider-Man's rogues' gallery based on issue publication date, excluding the Burglar who murdered Ben Parker in Amazing Fantasy #15.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Newsarama 1">Template:Cite web</ref> He would later go on to appear in other titles such as Tales to Astonish,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Tales of Suspense,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Web of Spider-Man.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

2000s

Dmitri Smerdyakov appeared in the 2014 Original Sin: Secret Avengers Infinite Comic series.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He later appeared in the 2015 Spider-Man and the X-Men series.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He appeared in the 2018 Amazing Spider-Man series.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He appeared in the 2021 Giant-Size Amazing Spider-Man: Chameleon Conspiracy one-shot.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Fictional character biography

Dmitri Smerdyakov was born in Soviet Russia. In his youth, he becomes a servant to his half-brother Sergei Kravinoff, and later a minor associate of Gustav Fiers. Although Dmitri and Sergei are friends, Sergei is often abusive to him, leading to a combination of admiration and resentment towards Kravinoff. Eventually, Smerdyakov emigrates to the United States of America. Having made a talent for himself during his youth by impressing Sergei by impersonating friends and neighbors, he assumes a new disguise: the identity of Chameleon. During his first known criminal outing, he impersonates Spider-Man, but is soon exposed and arrested. Shortly afterward, Sergei (now known as "Kraven the Hunter") comes to the United States, and the Chameleon sets his old associate's sights on Spider-Man.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #1. Marvel Comics.</ref> Both men become long-time enemies of Spider-Man, part of his primary rogues gallery.

The Chameleon inspires Kraven to begin hunting Spider-Man, inviting Kraven to dispose of the hero.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #15. Marvel Comics.</ref> With Kraven, the Chameleon battles Iron Man,<ref>Tales of Suspense #58. Marvel Comics.</ref> and then confronts the Hulk.<ref>Tales to Astonish #66</ref> At one point, the Chameleon disguises himself as Hank Pym, and robs Pym's laboratory for documents to combat Virus Nine. While delivering the documents and a shrunken Hulk to Hydra, he is encountered and defeated by Ant-Man.<ref>The Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #154. Marvel Comics.</ref> The Chameleon also disguises himself as the Torpedo and battles Daredevil.<ref>Daredevil #134. Marvel Comics.</ref>

When Kraven commits suicide,<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #294. Marvel Comics.</ref> the Chameleon becomes obsessed with making Spider-Man suffer for his failure to prevent this. He ingests a serum which makes his face permanently featureless and malleable. He attempts to kidnap America's leading expert on superconductors, but is thwarted by Spider-Man.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #307. Marvel Comics.</ref> He then kidnaps J. Jonah Jameson. He approaches the Maggia for support to be New York's new crime lord, and forms an alliance with Hammerhead.<ref>Web of Spider-Man #50-55. Marvel Comics.</ref> Disguised as a scientist, the Chameleon temporarily removes Spider-Man's powers. He allies himself with the Femme Fatales, the Scorpion, and the Tarantula to eliminate Spider-Man and the Black Cat, but escapes when his plan fails.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #340-343. Marvel Comics.</ref>

The Chameleon's most ambitious play against Spider-Man happens when he forms an alliance with Harry Osborn as the Green Goblin. Before Harry's death, the Chameleon is told that Spider-Man's secret identity can be found through Peter Parker, leading him to construct androids of Peter's parents, Richard and Mary Parker; the Chameleon later admits that he went through with the plot to confirm once and for all that Peter was Spider-Man. The plan leads to a psychotic breakdown for both Spider-Man and the Chameleon, with Spider-Man briefly renouncing the civilian identity while the Chameleon is sent to Ravencroft.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #389. Marvel Comics.</ref> Ashley Kafka eventually sneaks him into a basement to try to continue treating him, believing that he is close to a breakthrough. When the court are preparing to put him on trial, the Chameleon escapes and attempts to convince Spider-Man that he is actually a hallucinating writer who suffered a mental breakdown after his daughter's death in a car accident; Peter manages to break through this deception due to his own strength of will.<ref>The Spectacular Spider-Man #242. Marvel Comics.</ref> The Chameleon's confirmation of Spider-Man's secret identity leads him to try to attack Spider-Man through family and friends, but Mary Jane Watson subdues him with a baseball bat.<ref>The Spectacular Spider-Man #244. Marvel Comics.</ref> Somewhere in between this and subsequent appearances, he appears to have been killed by his nephew Alyosha Kravinoff, but is revealed to have survived.<ref>The Spectacular Spider-Man #245. Marvel Comics.</ref>

After tricking Spider-Man to the bridge where Gwen Stacy's death occurred on the pretext of having kidnapped Mary Jane, the Chameleon declares his own loneliness and love for Peter. When the surprise causes Peter to laugh nervously, the Chameleon throws himself off the bridge.<ref>Webspinners: Tales of Spider-Man #11. Marvel Comics.</ref> He later reappears in a mental institution, completely incapacitated and believing himself to be Sergei Kravinoff.<ref>Spider-Man: Get Kraven #2-6. Marvel Comics.</ref> He later reappears in his Chameleon identity as part of the Sinister Twelve villain team organized by Norman Osborn as the Green Goblin.<ref>Marvel Knights: Spider-Man #10. Marvel Comics.</ref>

After Spider-Man is unmasked, the Chameleon gathers a gang of villains called the Exterminators,<ref name="marvunapp.com" /> including Will o' the Wisp, Scarecrow, Swarm, and Electro, and also blackmails Molten Man into his employ all in an effort to defeat Spider-Man and attack the web-slinger's family.<ref>The Sensational Spider-Man #29. Marvel Comics.</ref>

The Chameleon next appears in the newest incarnation of Super Villain Team-Up called MODOK's Eleven. In this limited series, it is revealed that he contacted A.I.M. the moment he was telepathically summoned by MODOK. He allows A.I.M. to send in their newest creation, the Ultra-Adaptoid, under the guise of the Chameleon.<ref>Super Villain Team-Up: MODOK's Eleven #1-2. Marvel Comics.</ref> Additionally, it is revealed that his apparent insanity and demise years earlier were ruses designed so that he could fade into the background once more.<ref>Super Villain Team-Up: MODOK's Eleven #3-5. Marvel Comics.</ref>

The "One More Day" storyline ends with the removal of Peter and Mary Jane's timeline from all memories, as well as knowledge of Spider-Man's identity, including the Chameleon.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #545. Marvel Comics.</ref>

Sometime later at an alley building during "The Gauntlet and Grim Hunt" storyline, the distraught Chameleon is met by Sasha Kravinoff and Ana Kravinoff, who want his help in avenging Sergei's death.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #604. Marvel Comics.</ref> Various follow-up issues during The Gauntlet storyline show the Chameleon helping the Kravinoff family create an alliance of Spider-Man's enemies as well as Diablo.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #607. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #614. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #620. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #635. Marvel Comics.</ref> After Sergei is resurrected, Spider-Man arrives and takes revenge on the Kravinoff family, pulling the Chameleon and Alyosha into a huge nest of spiders.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #636. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #637. Marvel Comics.</ref>

The Chameleon later becomes a member of Doctor Octopus's latest incarnation of the Sinister Six. He poses as Steve Rogers to infiltrate an Air Force base.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #648. Marvel Comics.</ref> The Chameleon disguises himself as a tribal chief when he and Mysterio attack indigenous peoples using robots of the other Sinister Six members.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #659. Marvel Comics.</ref>

Following the "Dying Wish" storyline, the Chameleon fights Superior Spider-Man (Otto Octavius's mind in Spider-Man's body) and the Secret Avengers on the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier.<ref>Avenging Spider-Man #20. Marvel Comics.</ref> The Chameleon ends up knocked unconscious, and the Superior Spider-Man transports him to his hidden underwater lab where he ends up imprisoned.<ref>Avenging Spider-Man #21. Marvel Comics.</ref> The Chameleon, Electro, Sandman, Mysterion, and the Vulture are later seen as part of the "Superior Six" team. The Superior Spider-Man places the Six under his control to redeem them for their crimes, forcing them to risk their lives doing heroic deeds against their will.<ref>Superior Spider-Man Team-Up #5. Marvel Comics.</ref> The Six eventually break free of the Superior Spider-Man's control and attempt to exact revenge, nearly destroying New York in the process.<ref>Superior Spider-Man Team-Up #6. Marvel Comics.</ref>

During the "Chameleon Conspiracy" storyline, Chameleon is imprisoned in a Symkarian black site prison called the Hiding Place. Teresa Parker infiltrates it, planning to interrogate him about his connection with Harry Osborn and the use of the Life Model Decoys of her parents. Teresa drags Chameleon to another cell where Finisher - her parents' killer - is being held, leading Chameleon to claim that he has the answers that she needs.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man vol. 5 #67. Marvel Comics.</ref> Teresa non-fatally shoots Finisher to ensure both men's compliance.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man vol. 5 #68. Marvel Comics.</ref> Chameleon and Finisher admit to Teresa that Chameleon faked Finisher's death to fool Spider-Man; upon relocating them to another building, Finisher is shown to have a plethora of people resembling Chameleon, unsettling him.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man vol. 5 #69. Marvel Comics.</ref> As Spider-Man finds that some of the Jack O'Lanterns were unmasked to be Chameleon-like people, Finisher revealed to Teresa that Chameleon was adopted at a young age by Gustav Fiers. Then Chameleon revealed that they never left the Hiding Place: Finisher was using holographic technology to speak with Teresa, and Chameleon states that she can use the Clairvoyant to find the rest of the answers she needs, all the while claiming that she may be a Chameleon double agent herself. Upon meeting up with Spider-Man, Teresa rejects Chameleon's insinuations and breaks the Clairvoyant, believing that she is a Parker first and foremost, and makes plans to track down Finisher. Back in his cell, the Chameleon is approached by Kindred and states that he is happy to do business with Osborn again.<ref>Giant-Size Amazing Spider-Man: Chameleon Conspiracy #1. Marvel Comics.</ref>

Powers and abilities

The Chameleon originally had no superhuman abilities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He simply used makeup and elaborate costuming to impersonate his targets. He implemented a device in a belt buckle that emitted a gas that helped him mold his features.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He later obtained a microcomputer from Spencer Smythe for his belt buckle that could be programmed with the facial features of hundreds of people.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #186. Marvel Comics.</ref> The belt buckle also contains a video receiver that enables the computer to analyze the appearance of anyone the Chameleon encounters so that it can duplicate their features using electrical impulses. The computer utilizes holographic technology that allows him to change his appearance at the push of a button. His electronic devices allowed him to simultaneously appear as two different people to two separate observers. The Chameleon's costume consists of "memory material" that can be altered by electrical impulses from his belt to resemble the clothing of the person he is impersonating.

The character's powers were later made innate.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His skin pigmentation have been surgically and mutagenically altered by a serum so that he can take on the appearance of any person at will.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He also wears fabric made of memory material that responds to nerve impulses and can appear to be whatever costume he wishes to be. The Chameleon had taken the same serums that Kraven had taken over the years.<ref name=":0" />

Additionally, the Chameleon is a master of disguise and a brilliant method actor.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He is also an expert impressionist and a master of creating lifelike masks and make-up. He is a quick-change artist who can assume a new disguise in less than a minute, although he no longer needs to use such skills. The character also speaks several languages fluently. Although the Chameleon is not a scientific genius, during his increased lifespan he has been exposed to a wide array of sophisticated experimental technology, much of which he can apply in his schemes.

Reception

Bradley Prim of Screen Rant called the Chameleon one of Spider-Man’s "iconic villains."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Tom Bowen of Game Rant ranked him 12th in their "28 Best Spider-Man Villains Of All Time" list.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Scoot Allan of Comic Book Resources ranked Dmitri Smerdyakov 5th in their "10 Most Iconic Spider-Man Villains" list, writing, "The Chameleon quickly became one of Spider-Man’s most personal and iconic villains after Kraven’s suicide turned Smerdyakov vengeful."<ref name="most-iconic-spider-man-villains">Template:Cite web</ref> Jesse Schedeen of IGN ranked Chameleon 14th in their "Top 25 Spider-Man Villains" list, stating, "The fact that he’s been such a mainstay of Spidey’s rogues gallery ever since is a testament to his enduring appeal."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Other versions

Chameleon 2099

An alternate universe variant of the Chameleon from Earth-928 appears in Marvel 2099. This version is a hippie known as Major Jones whose abilities are derived from the Chameleon drug.<ref>2099 Unlimited #10. Marvel Comics.</ref>

Chameleon 2211

An alternate universe variant of Dmitri Smerdyakov from Earth-9500 appears in Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man. This version is a reptilian creature that can transform into others by sampling their DNA. He frames Sandman's father for murder, resulting in him being sentenced to death before Spider-Man uses a helmet to swap the pair's bodies.<ref>Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #19. Marvel Comics.</ref>

Earth-71490

An alternate universe variant of the Chameleon from Earth-71490 appears in Edge of Spider-Verse (vol. 2) #5.<ref>Edge of Spider-Verse Vol. 2 #5. Marvel Comics.</ref> This version possesses shapeshifting abilities.

Marvel Noir

An alternate universe variant of Dmitri Smerdyakov / Chameleon from Earth-90214 appears in Marvel Noir. This version is a former circus freak who works for Norman Osborn and possesses a malleable clay-like body.<ref>Spider-Man: Noir #1-4. Marvel Comics.</ref>

Ultimate Marvel

Two characters based on the Chameleon, Carnilla and her unnamed brother, from Earth-1610 appear in the Ultimate Marvel universe.<ref name="ReferenceA">Ultimate Comics: Spider-Man #11. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>Ultimate Comics: Spider-Man #14. Marvel Comics.</ref>

In other media

Television

• The Chameleon appears in The Marvel Super Heroes,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> voiced by Tom Harvey.<ref name="btva">Template:Cite web A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.</ref>
• The Chameleon appears in the Spider-Man (1981) episode "Arsenic and Aunt May", voiced by John H. Mayer.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• The Chameleon appears in the Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends episode "Seven Little Superheroes", voiced by Hans Conried.<ref name="btva"/>
• The Chameleon appears in Spider-Man: The Animated Series.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This version is the stepson of the Red Skull and stepbrother of Electro. While working as a spy, hitman, and double agent in the Kingpin's Insidious Six, Chameleon initially uses a belt with a holographic image inducer to disguise himself as others before undergoing experimentation to gain natural shapeshifting abilities. Notably, he never uses his "true" voice, as he only speaks while imitating others.
• The Chameleon appears in The Spectacular Spider-Man, voiced by Steve Blum.<ref name="btva"/> This version uses lifelike masks like his original comics counterpart.
• The Chameleon appears in Spider-Man (2017), voiced by Patton Oswalt.<ref name="btva" /> This version uses a face mask developed by Raymond Warren capable of capturing a person's image to disguise himself.

Film

Dmitri Smerdyakov / Chameleon appears in Kraven the Hunter, portrayed by Fred Hechinger as an adult<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Billy Barratt as a teenager.Template:Cn This version is Nikolai Kravinoff's son in addition to being Sergei Kravinoff's half-brother who initially possesses the ability to mimic other people's voices. As an adult, he would later acquire shapeshifting capabilities after being experimented on by a mad scientist sometime after Nikolai's death.

Marvel Cinematic Universe

Characters based on Dmitri Smerdyakov / Chameleon appear in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU):

• Dmitri Smerdyakov, credited as simply "Dimitri", appears in Spider-Man: Far From Home, portrayed by Numan Acar.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This version is an associate of Talos who poses as the bus driver for Peter Parker's class during their school trip across Europe.
• An alternate universe variant of Smerdyakov appears in Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man, voiced by Roger Craig Smith.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="btva" />

Video games

• The Chameleon appears in the SNES version of Spider-Man (1995).<ref>Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
• The Chameleon appears in Spider-Man: The Sinister Six (1996), voiced by Dan Kamin.<ref name="btva" /> This version is a member of the Sinister Six.
• The Chameleon appears in The Amazing Spider-Man 2, voiced by Glenn Steinbaum.<ref name="btva" /> This version works for the Kingpin and posed as Donald Menken to oversee his employer's experiments at Ravencroft and help him take over Oscorp.
• The Chameleon appears in Spider-Man 2,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> voiced by Jim Pirri.Template:Citation needed In a side mission, the Spider-Men track down drones that Kraven the Hunter is using to find a specific individual. Along the way, they find that data on the individual varies heavily, ranging from ordinary civilians to people who have been dead for years to false identities. Upon analyzing all of the data, the Spider-Men discover Kraven was seeking out his half-brother, the Chameleon, a longtime adversary of the original Spider-Man who had escaped prison after being caught years ago. Meanwhile, the Chameleon mounts failed attempts on Kraven's life and observes the Spider-Men's progress, vowing to "do what [Kraven] could not."<ref>Template:Cite video game</ref>

Miscellaneous

• The Chameleon appears in the Sinister Six novel trilogy by Adam-Troy Castro.<ref>Spider-Man: The Gathering of the Sinister Six, Berkeley Boulevard, 1999</ref><ref>Spider-Man: The Revenge of the Sinister Six, iBooks, 2001</ref><ref>Spider-Man: The Secret of the Sinister Six, iBooks, 2002</ref>
• A Counter-Earth incarnation of the Chameleon appears in Spider-Man Unlimited #5. This version is a Bestial chameleon with shapeshifting abilities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• The Chameleon appears in Iron Man #4.Template:Cn

External links

• Chameleon at Marvel.com