Changdeokgung

Template:Short description Template:Infobox building Changdeokgung (Template:Korean) is a former royal palace in Seoul, South Korea. A UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Historic Site of South Korea, it is among the best preserved of all Korean palaces. It and its neighboring palace Changgyeonggung have together been called the "East Palace".

Changdeokgung was established in 1405. It was the second palace to be established in Seoul, after Joseon's official main palace Gyeongbokgung. Despite Gyeongbokgung's legally superior status, a majority of kings preferred to reside in Changdeokgung instead. In 1592, amidst the Imjin War, Changdeokgung and all the other palaces in the city were completely destroyed. After the war, due to budgetary constraints, Gyeongbokgung was not repaired, while Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung were. This effectively made Changdeokgung Joseon's main palace for several centuries.

In the late 19th century, under the reign of the penultimate Korean monarch Gojong, Gyeongbokgung was rebuilt and the royal family moved out of Changdeokgung and into Gyeongbokgung, although they would again move to another palace Deoksugung in 1897. In 1907, Gojong was forced by Japan to abdicate, and his son and final Korean monarch Sunjong ascended the throne and made Changdeokgung his official palace. In 1910, Japan colonized Korea, and proceeded to heavily alter the palace. The Korean royal family continued to reside in the palace even after the 1945 liberation of Korea and into the late 20th century.

Changdeokgung is now a major tourist attraction. In 1997, it was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The palace's Template:Ill, long beloved by Korean monarchs, are now mostly available to the public, with some sections requiring tours to be booked.

Name

"Changdeokgung" means "Palace of Prospering Virtue".Template:Sfn The palace received this name on the 25th day, 10th month of 1404, shortly after the first phase of its construction was completed.Template:Sfn

Changdeokgung and its neighboring palace Changgyeonggung are together known as the "Eastern Palace" (Template:Korean/auto), as they are located to the east of the city's main palace Gyeongbokgung.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

History

Establishment

Template:See also In 1392 (Korean calendar), Joseon was established. Afterwards, the state's capital Hanyang (also called Hanseong and later called Seoul) was established and Gyeongbokgung was made its main palace (Template:Korean/auto). Due to political turmoil, the capital was temporarily moved to Kaesong and then back to Hanyang in 1404.Template:Sfn<ref name="임석재">Template:Cite book</ref> King Taejong (Template:Reign) then ordered the establishment of Changdeokgung as a secondary palace (Template:Korean/auto). His possible motivations for this order have been analyzed. A number of scholars have argued Taejong wanted to avoid Gyeongbokgung because he associated it with unpleasant memories of familial deaths there<ref name="임석재"/>Template:Sfn and thought it had inauspicious feng shui qualities.<ref name="임석재"/> Historians Lee et al. have also argued that he wanted a secondary palace to be freer from the political influences of government offices and politicians in and around Gyeongbokgung.Template:Sfn

A temporary officeTemplate:Efn was established to manage the creation of the palace. Changdeokgung's location was finalized on the 6th day, 10th month of 1404, and construction began that day.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn Under the supervision of Template:Ill, numerous artisans, soldiers, monks, and commoners worked on the construction.Template:Sfn The first phase of construction was completed on the 19th day, 10th month of 1405.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Taejong entered the palace on the 20th day of that month and held a celebration banquet there. At the time, there were only several complete buildings in the palace, including the royal bedchambers and bathhouse.Template:Sfn The palace then had either a total of 287 rooms (Template:Korean/auto)Template:Sfn or 192 rooms.Template:Sfn There was likely not much space for government offices in the palace for government offices at the time; offices in and around Gyeongbokgung were repaired and officials likely went back and forth between those and Changdeokgung. Meanwhile, construction continued. In 1406, the shrine Insojeon (Template:Korean/auto) and a Buddhist shrine were completed in the rear garden area, along with the pavilion Gwangyeollu (Template:Korean/auto); in 1408, a pond was dug; and in 1411, a pavilionTemplate:Efn was completed.Template:Sfn In 1408, the former king Taejo died at Changdeokgung.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Before the Imjin War

For the rest of his reign, Taejong primarily resided in Changdeokgung.Template:Sfn Gyeongbokgung's restoration was ordered only after Taejong had moved into Changdeokgung.Template:Sfn Even after his abdication, he resided in the palace Suganggung (Template:Korean/auto; later became Changgyeonggung) next to Changdeokgung; from there he influenced the reign of his son Sejong the Great (Template:Reign).Template:Sfn Even after Taejong's abdication, construction continued. Part of a building collapsed and the supervisor of that building's construction was exiled as punishment. By 1418, facilities were deemed adequate enough to hold more significant ceremonies at Changdeokgung instead of at Gyeongbokgung.Template:Sfn From the third year of Sejong's reign, Sejong began putting more emphasis on Gyeongbokgung and moved frequently between the two palaces.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In 1426, he ordered that many structures in Changdeokgung be named.Template:Sfn In 1427, he entirely moved out of Changdeokgung and resided primarily in Gyeongbokgung, although he continued moving between the two frequently.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn King Sejo (Template:Reign) significantly expanded Changdeokgung to the north and east. For one such project, 19,000 people from the Hanyang region were assembled. King Seongjo (Template:Reign) also expanded the palace and resided in Changdeokgung for the entirety of his reign. In 1475, he had all 29 of the palace's gates named and held a ceremony for the installation of their name plaques.Template:Sfn As there was not enough space in Changdeokgung for all the living queens in the royal family, he decided to expand Changgyeonggung for them instead.Template:Sfn King Yeonsangun (Template:Reign) also greatly renovated the palace, although renovations were put to a halt when he was deposed.Template:Sfn

Destruction and reconstruction

In 1592, during the 1592–1598 Imjin War, all the city's palaces were completely burned down. It is debated who burned down the palaces, as surviving contemporary records are from intellectuals who did not witness the burnings. Various contemporary Korean texts, including the Template:Ill, report hearsay that it was Korean commoners who burned down the palace to destroy palace records. When the Japanese invaders entered the city on the 2nd day, 5th month of that year, Gyeongbokgung was still intact. Japanese discipline in the city was reportedly initially high, but when they began suffering defeats, they took their frustrations out on the city and locals, burning buildings and killing.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

After the war, efforts began to repair the city's palaces. Initially, plans were drawn up to have Gyeongbokgung repaired, but these were not acted upon. There is a record of arguments against Gyeongbokgung's reconstruction because of perceived inauspicious qualities of that palace. In addition, Joseon's economy had been devastated by the war, and funding for repairing Gyeongbokgung was likely difficult to procure. Changdeokgung was restored instead; a number of buildings were recreated in their original locations.Template:Sfn The first round of restorations was completed during the reign of King Gwanghaegun (Template:Reign) on the 1st day, 9th month of 1610. However, Gwanghaegun expressed little interest in Changdeokgung, and continued to reside in the temporary palace Gyeongungung (later became Deoksugung). In 1617, he had the palaces Template:Ill and Template:Ill established.Template:Sfn

In 1623, during the Injo coup that installed King Injo (Template:Reign), rebels burned down almost all the buildings in Changdeokgung. Only Injeongjeon, two buildings for the Template:Ill, a palace pharmacy,Template:Efn a building for the government office Ch'unch'ugwan, a building called Biseunggak,Template:Efn a building for the government office Hongmun'gwan, and a building called SujeongjeonTemplate:Efn were spared.Template:Sfn Injo was crowned at Gyeongbokgung, and resided at Changgyeonggung.Template:Sfn He had In'gyŏnggung and Kyŏngdŏkkung demolished and recycled to repair Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung.Template:Sfn Injo had the rear gardens renovated, and spent much relaxation time there.Template:Sfn In 1624, during Yi Kwal's Rebellion, Changgyeonggung was mostly burned down.Template:Sfn Injo then resided in Kyŏngdŏkkung temporarily, and first ordered that Changgyeonggung be repaired. In 1633, after repairs on Changgyeonggung were completed,Template:Sfn Injo ordered that Changdeokgung be repaired. He then began to temporarily reside in the palace pharmacy. Construction work on palaces was interrupted and delayed by the 1636 Qing invasion of Joseon. Minor construction projects occurred in the meantime, especially in the rear garden.Template:Sfn Significant construction resumed in 1647 and concluded after five months in 1648; a major reason why construction was able to be finished in five months was because of recycling of buildings from In'gyŏnggung. In total there were around 735 rooms in the palace around this time.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn One significant change after the reconstruction was the presence of more government office buildings. This was in part because the government offices in Gyeongbokgung had not been restored.Template:Sfn

This painting, Donggwoldo, depicts Changdeokgung (left) and Changgyeonggung (right) in Template:CircaTemplate:Sfn

After this reconstruction and without rivalry from Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung became the definitive main palace of Joseon. More buildings continued to be constructed in the palace. There was a fire in the palace in 1671.Template:Sfn Under the reign of King Sukjong (Template:Reign), the rear garden reached its greatest extent.Template:Sfn In 1687, a fire destroyed almost all of the Mansujeon area. In 1702, a fire destroyed part of the East Palace.Template:Sfn Succeeding kings continued to expand and renovate the palace, although King Yeongjo (Template:Reign) ordered much fewer repairs as he primarily resided in Gyeonghuigung.Template:Sfn There were a number of fires during the reign of King Sunjo (Template:Reign),Template:Sfn with a major one occurring in the 10th month of 1833.Template:Sfn During his reign, most construction at the palace was either rebuilding or maintenance work.Template:Sfn By the 19th century, Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung were functionally a single palace. The two had some unique government offices, although they had some facilities with overlapping purposes.Template:Sfn

Late Joseon and Korean Empire periods

A mapTemplate:Efn of Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, and the rear gardens (Template:Circa)

In 1865, efforts began to restore Gyeongbokgung.Template:Sfn King Gojong (Template:Reign) and his family moved out of Changdeokgung and into Gyeongbokgung on the 2nd day, 7th month of 1868.Template:Sfn Although Gyeongbokgung was officially made Joseon's main palace, Changdeokgung continued to see some use. Gyeongbokgung experienced major fires in 1873 and 1876. After the 1876 fire, the royal family moved back into Changdeokgung and did not return to Gyeongbokgung until 1885,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn after the 1884 Kapsin Coup. The king resided mostly in Gyeongbokgung until 1895.Template:Sfn Meanwhile, more maintenance work occurred at Changdeokgung. Such work was interrupted in by the 1882 Imo Incident.Template:Sfn In 1891, a number of Changdeokgung's buildings were disassembled and moved to Gyeongbokgung.Template:Sfn

Amidst increasing Japanese influence over Korea and the 1895 assassination of Empress Myeongseong at Gyeongbokgung, Gojong fled Gyeongbokgung and made Gyeongungung his official palace. From there, he established the Korean Empire and crowned himself emperor.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Sfn Gojong did not significantly use Changdeokgung thereafter. Some minor construction work continued at the palace in his absence.Template:Sfn

In 1905, Korea was made a protectorate of Japan, governed by the Template:Ill.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> On July 19, 1907, Gojong was forcefully deposed by Japan and replaced by his son and the final Korean monarch Emperor Sunjong (Template:Reign).Template:Sfn After ascending the throne, Sunjong made Changdeokgung his primary residence, while Gojong continued to stay in Deoksugung. Historian Lee Gyu-cheol argued that Japan moved Sunjong to Changdeokgung in order to separate him from his father.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Soon after his coronation, Sunjong ordered that Changdeokgung be repaired. He moved into the palace in November of that year.Template:Sfn The residency-general oversaw the demolition of large portions of the palace from 1907 to 1909; this has since been viewed critically by Lee et al., who argued it was an attempt to demolish a symbol of Korean sovereignty.Template:Sfn

Colonial period

On August 29, 1910, Korea became a colony of Japan.Template:Sfn According to a 1912 document, the Office of the Yi Dynasty, an organization representing the former Korean royal family, owned the palace.Template:Sfn Japan continued significantly altering the palace, demolishing dozens of buildings.Template:Sfn Despite this, the overall outer boundary of the palace and its rear garden remained mostly unchanged throughout the colonial period.Template:Sfn

Around 5 p.m. on November 10, 1917,<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a major fire broke out in the palace. It began in the former emperor's bedchambers Daejojeon and destroyed the naejŏn area of the palace.Template:Sfn<ref name=":2" /> The fire was extinguished by 8 p.m. that day.<ref name=":2" /> Numerous valuables and historic relics were lost in the fire.Template:Sfn<ref name=":2" /> Reconstruction work began soon after and lasted for years afterwards, although it was delayed by the 1919 March First Movement protests.Template:Sfn The colonial government ordered that many of Gyeongbokgung's buildings be demolished and recycled for reconstructing Changdeokgung.Template:Sfn Daejojeon was reconstructed by 1920, and the former royal family resumed living in it.Template:Sfn

Sunjong died in the palace on April 25, 1926.Template:Sfn Historian Se-Mi Oh argued that, after Sunjong's death, efforts to modify the palace accelerated.<ref name=":4" /> In either 1927<ref name=":4" /> or 1931,Template:Sfn the road Template:Ill was constructed between Jongmyo and Changdeokgung, separating the two entities for the first time.Template:Sfn<ref name=":4" /> Oh described the separation as "direct violence against the sacred ancestral shrine and the monarchy".<ref name=":4">Template:Cite book</ref>

• 
  Map of Changdeokgung published in 1930; extant structures colored in black, demolished structures colored in greyTemplate:Sfn
• 
  Map of Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, the rear gardens, and Jongmyo (produced around 1921 to 1932Template:Sfn)

Post-liberation

Parts of the palace (notably Nakseon-jae hall) continued to function as a royal residence up to 1989, when both Princess Deokhye and Crown Princess Bangja died. Other post-WWII residents included Empress Sunjeong (Sunjong's second wife), Crown Prince Yi Un, his son Yi Ku and Yi Ku's wife Julia Mullock. Residence for former royals in the palace in the post-war period was at the whim of South Korean presidents, and after the Korean liberation in 1945. The resignation of Syngman Rhee finally allowed former imperial family members to return.

Changdeokgung was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1997. The UNESCO committee stated the place was an "outstanding example of Far Eastern palace architecture and garden design" being exceptional because the buildings are "integrated into and harmonized with the natural setting" and adapted "to the topography and retaining indigenous tree cover."<ref>WH Committee: Report of the 21st Session, Naples 1997. Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref>

Design and layout

The palace was designed in consideration of both ancient Chinese principles and practicality.<ref name=":32">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Changdeokgung's primary layout is based on the three gates and three courtyards (Template:Korean/auto) system,<ref name=":32" /> from the Chinese work Kaogongji, part of the Rites of Zhou. The system advocates for palaces to have three main sections that are to be accessed in sequential order. The sections proceed from public-facing to private. These sections are the first gate Donhwamun and courtyard (Template:Korean/auto; used for government offices and public-facing events), second gate Jinseonmun and courtyard (Template:Korean/auto; used for conducting politics between the king and his subjects), and third gate Injeongmun and courtyard (Template:Korean/auto; where the king and his family resided).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Lee et al. subdivided the palace as such: oejŏn, naejŏn, East Palace, government offices, and rear gardens (also called Secret Garden).Template:Sfn

Changdeokgung is based primarily on a west to east axis, in contrast to Gyeongbokgung's south to north axis. Correspondingly, the outer palace proceeds east to the inner palace.Template:Sfn

There are numerous mulberry trees around the palace, the leaves of which can be used to feed silkworms. This is possibly linked to several queens having raised silkworms in the palace.Template:Sfn

Relationship with Changgyeonggung

Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung have been strongly interlinked, and have been described as functionally being a single palace. Buildings for which there was insufficient space in Changdeokgung were often constructed in Changgyeonggung instead. Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung are separated by the gate Geonyangmun (Template:Korean/auto). Over time, various contradicting claims have been made about which buildings (particularly those on the border of the two palaces) belonged to which palace. Such claims were made about the East Palace, Junghuidang, and Changgyeonggung's Jeoseungjeon (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn

According to a 1912 document, the two palaces were then considered to belong to the same administrative district: Template:Ill.Template:Sfn The two palaces were physically divided with a border wall during the colonial period. In 1963, the border wall was used to define a formal legal boundary between the two palaces. This boundary has persisted to the present.Template:Sfn

Landmarks

Outer gates

Image	Structure
	Donhwamun (Template:Korean/auto) The main and south gate of the palace. It is a designated Treasure of South Korea and the oldest extant gate of all Joseon palaces.Template:Sfn It was completed in 1412.Template:Sfn It was destroyed in 1592, during the Imjin War and reconstructed in 1607Template:Sfn or 1608.Template:Sfn There are no records of it being destroyed thereafter, although it was restored or remodeled on a number of occasions.Template:Sfn There is a wŏltae in front of the gate. The wŏltae was demolished in the early 1900sTemplate:Sfn and was restored in 1997.Template:Sfn
	Template:Ill (Template:Korean/auto) The west gate of the palace. It is so named because of Chinese tradition where metal corresponds to west and the White Tiger is the guardian of the west.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It was named in 1475 and was among the most frequently used gates in the palace.Template:Sfn
	Yogeummun (Template:Korean/auto) A small gate to the northwest of the palace.Template:Sfn It was not often used.Template:Sfn
	Danbongmun (Template:Korean/auto) A small gate on the south side of the palace. It was used mainly by kungnyŏ (court ladies) and the extended royal family,Template:Sfn and was among the most frequently used gates in the palace. It was named in 1475.Template:Sfn
	Gyeongchumun (Template:Korean/auto) A small gate to the west of the palace. It was rarely used.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
	Geonmumun (Template:Korean/auto) A small north gate to the palace. It is named for the mythological Black Turtle-Snake, which is associated with north. The gate was rarely used.Template:Sfn It currently exits to the Sungkyunkwan University campus and is generally inaccessible to the public.<ref name="gates">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Oejo

Oejo (Template:Korean/auto) refers to the part of a palace where the king conducted state affairs.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It can be subdivided into the chŏngjŏn (Template:Korean/auto; main areaTemplate:Sfn) and p'yŏnjŏn (Template:Korean/auto; secondary areaTemplate:Sfn).Template:Sfn

Oejŏn

Image	Structure
	Jinseonmun (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) This gate was completed on the 18th day, 3rd month of 1411.Template:Sfn At the time, it possibly served as the outermost gate to the palace.Template:Sfn It was demolished in 1908Template:Sfn and was reconstructed in 1999.Template:Sfn
	Sukjangmun (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A large gate that leads into the naejŏn. It was named in 1475.Template:Sfn Its right and left annexes were destroyed in the Imjin War, and rebuilt in 1647.Template:Sfn It was destroyed during the colonial period and reconstructed in 1996.Template:Sfn
	Injeongmun (Template:Korean/auto) Gate to InjeongjeonTemplate:Sfn and a Treasure.Template:Sfn There is no record of when it was built, but it is presumed to have been completed around the time of the palace's founding.Template:Sfn It was destroyed in 1592 and rebuilt during the reign of Gwanghaegun.Template:Sfn It burned down in 1744 and was rebuilt in 1745;Template:Sfn this version has persisted until the present.Template:Sfn The gate and corridors were restored to their pre-colonial states from 1992 to 1996.Template:Sfn
	Injeongjeon (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) The throne hall of the palaceTemplate:Sfn and a National Treasure.Template:Sfn It was built possibly around 1405.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> It was destroyed during the 1592–1598 Imijn War, rebuilt,Template:Sfn and again destroyed in 1803 and rebuilt in 1804.Template:Sfn This version of the building has persisted until the present, although it was renovated over time.Template:Sfn The building stands on a wŏltae. Major state events were held at this building and its front courtyard, such as enthronement ceremonies.Template:Sfn
	Seonjeongmun (Template:Korean/auto) It was rebuilt in 1647; this version has persisted until the present.Template:Sfn
	Template:Ill (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A single-story hall where the king received council and conducted politics.Template:Sfn It is a designated Treasure.Template:Sfn Spirit tablets were also possibly stored here.Template:Sfn It was built in 1405 and originally named Jogyecheong (Template:Korean/auto). It received its current name in 1461. After being destroyed in 1592 during the Imjin War, it was rebuilt in 1608. It was destroyed in 1623 during the Injo coup and rebuilt in 1647, using materials recycled from a building called Gwangjeongjeon in In'gyŏnggung. It has since become the oldest extant building in the palace.Template:Sfn It is the only remaining Joseon palace building with blue roof tiles, which were then considered luxurious and difficult to make.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn During the colonial period, the building was opened to the public, and glass put in its windows. The building was restored to its pre-colonial appearance in 1996.Template:Sfn

Government offices

The government offices inside palaces are called Template:Ill (Template:Korean/auto). Changdeokgung's facilities were relatively small and meant for daily work with the king; most large government ministry facilities were located outside the palace,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn for example on Template:Ill.Template:Sfn After being destroyed in 1592 during the Imjin War, government offices were rebuilt in 1647.Template:Sfn Many offices that had once existed in Gyeongbokgung were moved over to Changdeokgung.Template:Sfn All government office buildings in front of Seonjeongjeon and Huijeongdang were demolished between 1907 and 1909.Template:Sfn

Image	Structure
	Template:Ill (Template:Korean/auto) A royal library building that went by a number of names, including "Naegak" (Template:Korean/auto) and "Kyujanggak". The latter name has been applied to several different buildings, depending on which held the royal library's collection at the time.Template:Sfn This building was completed on the 10th day, 3rd month of 1781,Template:Sfn and the royal library was moved from Juhamnu to Imunwon.Template:Sfn
	Geomseocheong (Template:Korean/auto) It was built in 1783 and used by the Kyujanggak.Template:Sfn It was demolished some time between 1911 and 1921.Template:Sfn
Error creating thumbnail:	Bongmodang (Template:Korean/auto) A hall used an archive for the possessions of previous monarchs.Template:Sfn
File:00567 창덕궁.jpg	Chaekgo (Template:Korean/auto) An annex building used by the Kyujanggak to store books.Template:Sfn
File:Yemungwan.jpg	Yemungwan (Template:Korean/auto) There was a fire here on the 6th day, 3rd month of 1811.Template:Sfn
File:Hongmungwan.jpg	Hongmungwan (Template:Korean/auto) Also called Okdang (Template:Korean/auto). Used by the government office Hongmun'gwan, which maintained palace records and advised the king.Template:Sfn It was demolished some time between 1911 and 1921.Template:Sfn
File:창덕궁 궐내각사 약방(궁능유적본부).jpg	Naeuiwon (Template:Korean/auto) A part of the palace that used to house the palace pharmacy Naeŭiwŏn. The organization was also called Yakbang (Template:Korean/auto), and began to go by Naeŭiwŏn in 1443.Template:Sfn
File:한국적사진 고궁 창덕궁 15.jpg	Eokseongnu (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A two-story building likely used by the Naeŭiwŏn as a storage facility for medicines.Template:Sfn

Naejo

Naejŏn

Naejŏn (Template:Korean/auto) refers to a part of a palace where a king or queen resided.Template:Sfn Palace women, particularly those of the Naemyŏngbu, also often used this space. When space for buildings became insufficient in this part of the palace, buildings were constructed in Changgyeonggung instead.Template:Sfn The naejŏn experienced a fire in 1833 and was rebuilt in 1834.Template:Sfn It was completely destroyed in the 1917 fire.<ref name=":2" />

Image	Structure
File:창덕궁 희정당 (2013).jpg	Huijeongdang (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A hall and designated Treasure.Template:Sfn It was originally built as a bed chamber for the king;Template:Sfn by Sunjong's reign it was used as a council hall.Template:Sfn It was destroyed in 1592 and rebuilt in 1608.Template:Sfn It was destroyed and rebuilt several more times; the building's current iteration was built in 1920.Template:Sfn
File:Exterior front view of Daejojeon Hall with blue sky at Changdeokgung Palace in Seoul.jpg	Daejojeon (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A hall used as the main living quarters for the king and office of the queen.Template:Sfn It is a designated Treasure.Template:Sfn It was destroyed in 1592 and rebuilt in 1608. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times afterwards; the current iteration was built in 1920.Template:Sfn The building was host to numerous historic happenings. For example, in one of its attached halls, Heungbokheon (Template:Korean/auto), the final cabinet meeting was held before Korea's 1910 annexation.Template:Sfn Sunjong died here in 1926.Template:Sfn
File:Gyeonghungak 2.jpg	Gyeonghungak (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) It was originally a two-storyTemplate:Sfn annex building to the rear of Daejojeon used for leisure.Template:Sfn Its second floor was called Jinggwangnu (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn It was destroyed by the 1917 fire.<ref name=":2" />Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In 1920,Template:Sfn Gyeongbokgung's Mangyeongjeon was dismantled and recycled to rebuild the hall as a single-story building.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn During the colonial period, it was significantly used by the former royal family before the 1926 death of Sunjong, with English, Japanese, and piano lessons being held here. It was no longer significantly used by them afterwards.Template:Sfn It has a rear garden decorated with flower motifs.Template:Sfn

East Palace

The East Palace (Template:Korean/auto) was used as the residence, study area, and office of the crown prince,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn although when it was not occupied by a crown prince it was used for other purposes.Template:Sfn Before the Imjin War, it was located outside the confines of Changdeokgung. It was reconstructed after the Imjin War, but after a series of fires, it was reconstructed closer to the rest of the palace, as part of the naejo.Template:Sfn Its facilities became shared by both Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn and its main gates are located to the east, meaning that it was primarily meant to be accessed from Changgyeonggung.Template:Sfn After Gyeongbokgung and that palace's East Palace was reconstructed in the late 19th century, Changdeokgung's East Palace lost its utility.Template:Sfn Many of the buildings in this area no longer exist.Template:Sfn

Image	Structure
File:Seongjeonggak.jpg	Seongjeonggak (Template:Korean/auto) The hall was used for the education of the king and crown prince.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It is named for a phrase from the Chinese text Great Learning, which encourages that leaders cultivate their own character and education before ruling.Template:Sfn The earliest attestation to the building is in 1705. By the late Joseon period, it became used as a warehouse for the Naeŭiwŏn. Sunjong temporarily stayed here after the 1917 fire. It has an elevated attached building called Huiuru (Template:Korean/auto), which was named in 1777. That building's name has its origins in a story about when King Sukjong wished for rain in 1690.Template:Sfn
File:창덕궁 관물헌 (2012).jpg	Gwanmulheon (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A study hall for the education of the king and crown prince. The building has calligraphy on it ("{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}") that was likely written by a 13-year-old King Gojong in 1864. Sunjong was born here in 1874. It was the stronghold of the Enlightment Party rebels during the 1884 Kapsin Coup; the building was then considered relatively defensible.Template:Sfn
File:Exterior front view of the pavilion Samsamwa with blue sky at Changdeokgung Palace in Seoul.jpg	Template:Plainlist Buildings related to Junghuidang, the former prown prince's residence. Junghuidang was relocated to an unknown location in 1891, but these buildings have remained.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Seunghwaru is the crown prince's library.Template:Sfn

Secret Garden

The rear garden (Template:Korean/auto), popularly known as the Template:Ill (Template:Korean/auto),Template:Efn is located to the north and rear of both Changdeokgung and Changgyeong, and access to it is shared by both palaces. It was a private garden used often for leisure, but also for politics, ceremonies, military training drills, and civil service and military examinations.Template:Sfn Leisure activities included hunting, parties, and practicing martial arts.Template:Sfn Prior to the 20th century, entrance into the garden was prohibited for most people.Template:Sfn A new road was built in the area in 1909.Template:Sfn It has a number of artificial ponds and pavilions.Template:Sfn It has over 160 species of trees. More than 70 trees in this area are over 300 years old.Template:Sfn The garden's highest elevation is in its center, and it slopes to the east and west.Template:Sfn

Buyongjeong area

Image	Structure
File:창덕궁 부용정 근경 (2013).jpg	Template:Ill (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>) A pavilion on the south side of an artificial pond named Buyongji (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The pond was dug in 1707. A building called Taeksujae (Template:Korean/auto) was constructed next to the pond that year. That building was torn down and replaced in 1792.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The building was renamed "Buyongjeong" in either 1776Template:Sfn or in 1792, after the reconstruction.Template:Sfn King Jeongjo enjoyed fishing here in 1795.Template:Sfn
File:Changdeokgung Palace, Seoul, constructd in 1405 (45) (27240733578).jpg	Yeonghwadang (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A pavilion to the east of Juhamnu that was used for leisure.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It possibly existed before the Imjin War. It was rebuilt in 1692. It was used for activities like poetry reading and viewing flowers.Template:Sfn
File:Changdeokgung Palace, Seoul, constructd in 1405 (37) (40403016724).jpg	Template:Ill (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A large two-story building on the top of a hill. It was completed on the 26th day, 9th month of 1776.Template:Sfn The name "Juhamnu" originally applied only to the second floor; the first floor was named "Kyujanggak" and contained the royal library.Template:Sfn In 1781, the library's collection was moved to Imunwon.Template:Sfn During the reign of Sunjong, the building was used as a reception hall for Japanese dignitaries. For example, Sunjong hosted Itō Hirobumi here in 1908.Template:Sfn
File:Sajeonggibigak.jpg	Sajeonggibigak (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A pavilion surrounding a stone stele. It is also called Sulseonggak (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn It memorializes an event that happened in this area. King Sejo commanded four of his nephews to find wells in the area. To Sejo's delight, they located four. Over time and amidst wars, two of the wells were destroyed. In 1690, King Sukjong repaired the remaining two wells and had the stele and pavilion to commemorate the remaining wells.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
File:Seohyanggak.png	Seohyanggak (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) Building used for various purposes over time. It was used to air out books for Kyujanggak, to paint and store royal portraits, and to raise silkworms.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It was built in 1776.Template:Sfn
File:Huiujeong.png	Huiujeong (Template:Korean/auto) A small one-room pavilion. It was first built in 1645Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn or 1646Template:Sfn as a thatched roof building named Chwihyangjeong (Template:Korean/auto<ref name="encykorear">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>). It received its current name in 1690, after King Sukjong wished for rain after a drought at this location and the rain came.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
File:Cheonseokjeong.png	Cheonseokjeong (Template:Korean/auto) A small building to the northeast of Juhamnu.Template:Sfn It is also called Jewolgwangpunggwan (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn

Yeongyeongdang area

Image	Structure
File:창덕궁 연경당 안채 전경.jpg	Template:Ill (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A residence used for ceremonies and events. It was built in 1828.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It consists of an anchae, sarangchae, and kitchen building (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn It does not have dancheong (traditional elaborate paintwork), and more closely resembles a nobleman's residence. This was intentional; while residing here, King Sunjo dressed like a regular nobleman and lived more simply. King Gojong sought refuge here during the 1884 Kapsin Coup, and Emperor Sunjong temporarily resided here after the 1917 fire.Template:Sfn
File:Seonhyangjae.jpg	Seonhyangjae (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A study building used to receive guests.Template:Sfn The angle of the awning is adjustable to let in more or less sunlight.Template:Sfn
File:창덕궁 연경당 후원 농수정.jpg	Nongsujeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A small pavilion.Template:Sfn

Ongnyucheon area

The stream Template:Ill (Template:Korean/auto) flows through the north side of the Secret Garden.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It was created in 1636.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn This area was closed for access beginning in 1979, in order to protect the ecology of the area. It was reopened to the public on May 1, 2004 on a reservation only basis.Template:Sfn The pavilions Soyojeong, Taegeukjeong, and Cheonguijeong are collectively called the "Three Pavilions of the Royal Grove" (Template:Korean/auto) and have been described as scenic.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Image	Structure
File:Soyojeong.jpg	Soyojeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A small pavilion used for leisure. It was completed in 1636 and was originally called Tanseojeong (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn A large rock in front of the pavilion has calligraphy by King Injo (written in 1636Template:Sfn) and a poem by King Sukjong.Template:Sfn The pavilion was especially loved by a many kings; several wrote poems about it.Template:Sfn Injo and his subjects held wine drinking parties here, where cups of wine would be floated down the nearby stream.Template:Sfn
File:Cheonguijeong.jpg	Cheonguijeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) The only extant thatched-roof building in the palace. It was completed in 1636. In accordance with Taoist ideals of heaven being round and the earth square, its roof is round and floor square.Template:Sfn In recent years, the agricultural ritual Ch'in'gyŏngnye (Template:Korean/auto) has been reenacted here. The ritual involves the king participating in agriculture and a banquet in order to appease the agricultural deity Hou Ji.Template:Sfn
File:Changdeokgung Palace, Seoul, constructd in 1405 (68) (39306330100).jpg	Taegeukjeong (Template:Korean/auto) A small pavilion. It is named for the symbol taegeuk, which is also engraved in a nearby cistern.Template:Sfn It was completed in 1636 and originally called Unyeongjeong (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn
File:Chwigyujeong.jpg	Chwigyujeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A pavilion that was completed in either 1640Template:Sfn or 1647.Template:Sfn It was repaired in 1688.Template:Sfn
File:Chwihanjeong.jpg	Chwihanjeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A pavilion. Its name comes from the phrase "Template:Lang-zh", meaning "blue pines despise the cold of winter".Template:Sfn It was built before 1720.Template:Sfn
File:Nongsanjeong.png	Nongsanjeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A pavilion. It was used for a variety of purposes over time.Template:Sfn It was built in 1636.Template:Sfn It has a kitchen that was used to prepare food and drink for the king during his visits.Template:Sfn

Aeryeonjeong area

Image	Structure
File:Aeryeonjeong Pavilion.jpg	Aeryeonjeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A small pavilion to the north of the pond Aeryeonji (Template:Korean/auto<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>). It and its pond were first built in 1692.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn There is a record of a pavilion of this name being constructed on an islet in the pond; it was rebuilt at its current location at some point.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
File:Gioheon.jpg	Gioheon (Template:Korean/auto) A study hall for Uiduhap.Template:Sfn
File:Uiduhap.jpg	Uiduhap (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A small hall used as a study room.Template:Sfn It is attested to in 1827. It is likely erroneously labeled as "Yeoganjae" (Template:Korean/auto) in the 18th-century map Donggwoldo.Template:Sfn
File:Ungyeonggeo.jpg	Ungyeonggeo (Template:Korean/auto) A storage building and annex to Uiduhap.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It has two rooms.Template:Sfn

Gwallamjeong area

Image	Structure
File:Changdeokgung Palace Secret Garden 12 - Pavilion and Frozen Pond 3.jpg	Gwallamjeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A small pavilion uniquely shaped like a fan. It was also known as Seonjajeong (Template:Korean/auto). It has a unique name plaque shaped like a banana leaf. It is located next to the pond Bandoji (Template:Korean/auto); that pond is said to resemble the shape of the Korean peninsula.Template:Sfn The building was possibly built during the reigns of Gojong or Sunjong.Template:Sfn
File:Pyeomusa.jpg	Pyeomusa (Template:Korean/auto) A small pavilion near Jondeokjeong. Crown Prince Hyomyeong read books here. Joseon noblemen used to practice walking gracefully here.Template:Sfn The building's name literally means "pelt naive person with stones"; this is a metaphor for being cautious.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
File:Seungjaejeong.jpg	Seungjaejeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A small pavilion.Template:Sfn It was possibly built around the same time as Gwallamjeong (around the reigns of Gojong or Sunjong).Template:Sfn
File:Changdeokgung Palace, Seoul, constructd in 1405 (67) (41114945701).jpg	Jondeokjeong (Template:Korean/auto) A hexagonal pavilion that is elaborately painted.Template:Sfn It was built in 1644Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn and originally named Yukmyeonjeong (Template:Korean/auto). It has a two-tiered roof.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Inside is calligraphy by King Jeongjo.Template:Sfn It is near the pond Banwolji (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn

Other structures

Image	Structure
File:Gajeongdang.jpg	Gajeongdang (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn) It was moved from DeoksugungTemplate:Sfn to this location some time between 1911 and 1921.Template:Sfn
File:Neungheojeong.png	Neungheojeong (Template:Korean/auto) A small pavilion.<ref name=":5" /> It was first built in 1691. A number of kings have written poems about this pavilion.Template:Sfn It is not accessible to the general public; visitors must be guided to the pavilion on an organized tour.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite news</ref>
File:Cheongsimjeong.jpg	Cheongsimjeong (Template:Korean/auto) A small pavilion first built in 1688.Template:Sfn<ref name="encykorear" />

Nakseonjae area

Image	Structure
File:창덕궁 낙선재 전경.jpg	Template:Ill (Template:Korean/auto) A hall used for various purposes over time. It has a relatively austere design, reflecting the Taoist frugality valued by King Heonjong.Template:Sfn It was built in 1847,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn on the former site of the building Nakseondang (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn Sunjong temporarily resided here after the 1917 fire.Template:Sfn Aoon afterwards, its interior was remodeled to be in a Japanese style.Template:Sfn Princess Euimin resided here from 1963 return to Korea until her death in 1989. Yi Un died here on May 1, 1970.Template:Sfn Its interior was reverted to its pre-colonial state in 1997.Template:Sfn
File:창덕궁 낙선재 석복헌 전경.jpg	Seokbokheon (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A residence for palace women.Template:Sfn It was built in 1848.Template:Sfn After Emperor Sunjong's death, Empress Sunjeonghyo continued to reside in this complex. She vacated it in 1950, during the Korean War, and only returned to it in 1960. She died in this hall in February 1966.Template:Sfn
File:창덕궁 낙선재 수강재 전경.jpg	Sugangjae (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) Originally built as a study for the king.Template:Sfn Used as a residence for royal women.Template:Sfn It was built in 1785.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn It named for and located on the former site of Suganggung (which developed into Changgyeonggung).Template:Sfn It was renovated in 1847.Template:Sfn It was the residence of Queen Sunwon.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Princess Deokhye resided here from her 1962 return to Korea until her 1989 death.Template:Sfn
File:창덕궁 낙선재 후원 상량정.jpg	Sangnyangjeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A hexagonal pavilion with an intricately painted ceiling decorated with auspicious symbols.Template:Sfn It was originally named Pyeongwollu (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn
File:Hanjeongdang 2.png	Hanjeongdang (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) An annex to Seokbokheon.Template:Sfn It was built some time after 1917.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It has glass windows.Template:Sfn
File:Chwiunjeong.png	Chwiunjeong (Template:Korean/auto) Built in 1686Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn or 1640,Template:Sfn it is the oldest extant building in the Nakseonjae complex.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It has ondol heated floors.Template:Sfn

Old Seonwonjeon area

Image	Structure
File:창덕궁 선원전 (2013).jpg	Seonwonjeon (Template:Korean/auto) A royal ritual portrait hall used for ancestor worship. Portraits of past kings were enshrined here.Template:Sfn It is also called Jinjeon (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn A hall with the same name and function used to exist in Gyeongbokgung, but was destroyed along with that palace in 1592, during the Imjin War.Template:Sfn Changdeokgung's Seonwonjeon was built in 1695Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn and dedicated to the Chinese Wanli Emperor, in thanks for China's support during the Imjin War.Template:Sfn It was renovated in 1725.Template:Sfn The spirit tablets of the first and last Chinese Ming emperors were enshrined here in 1749.Template:Sfn It was expanded in 1754,Template:Sfn 1778, 1846, 1851,Template:Sfn and 1900.Template:Sfn It was vacated during the early colonial period, and the new Seonwonjeon was completed in 1921. The portraits were moved there.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
File:Uipunggak.png	Uipunggak (Template:Korean/auto) A warehouse building. It was constructed during the colonial period to store the possessions of the royal household.Template:Sfn The area it now occupies was formerly used for facilities for queen dowagers.Template:Sfn
File:Yangjidang.jpg	Yangjidang (Template:Korean/auto) Where the king would stay before rituals at Seonwonjeon.Template:Sfn It was demolished some time between 1911 and 1921.Template:Sfn
File:Yeonguisa.jpg	Yeonguisa (Template:Korean/auto) A building possibly used for the storage of funerary materials.Template:Sfn It was demolished some time between 1911 and 1921.Template:Sfn

New Seonwonjeon area

Image	Structure
File:창덕궁 신선원전 (2013).jpg	New Seonwonjeon (Template:Korean/auto) A royal portrait hall completed in 1921. It took over the function of the previous Seonwonjeon.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It is located far north and separate from the rest of the palace. Lee et al. have argued the hall was moved further away from the rest of the palace in order to deemphasize the former royal family's ritual connection to their royal ancestors.Template:Sfn Previously, the building Daebodan occupied this site,Template:Sfn but was demolished some time between 1911 and 1921.Template:Sfn The New Seonwonjeon is the last portrait hall to be constructed in Korea.Template:Sfn Most of the portraits stored here were destroyed in the 1954 Busan Yongdusan fires.Template:Sfn<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
	Uirojeon (Template:Korean/auto) An annex building to the New Seonwonjeon. It is believed that this building is actually Uihyojeon (Template:Korean/auto), a building that was moved from Gyeongbokgung to Gyeongungung in 1904, then to Changdeokgung in 1921. It was then used to hold spirit tablets.Template:Sfn
	Jaesil (Template:Korean/auto) An office building and annex to the New Seonwonjeon.Template:Sfn

Other

Image	Structure
File:Bincheong Changdeokgung.jpg	Bigungdang (Template:Korean/auto) A guesthouse and hall for meetings. Also called Bincheong (Template:Korean/auto)Template:Sfn or Eochago (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn It has eight rooms.Template:Sfn In 1910,<ref name="KBS cafe" /> it began to be used as a garage.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Several of Sunjong and his wife's vehicles were stored in the building after the liberation. The building and cars were opened to public display in 2001;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> the cars were moved to the National Palace Museum in 2007.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2010,<ref name="KBS cafe">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="News1 cafe">Template:Cite news</ref> the building began operating as a cafe called Donggwolmaru (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn The use of the building as a cafe has been criticized by several politicians and journalists.<ref name="News1 cafe" /> The Changdeokgung Palace Management Office responded that the building had been replaced during the colonial period and was not an original, and was thus not disrespecting the legacy of the palace.<ref name="KBS cafe" />
	Mongdapjeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A pavilion. Named for a dream King Sukjong had about the pavilion.Template:Sfn
	Gwaegungjeong (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) A pavilion used for practicing archery.Template:Sfn

Geumcheon and Geumcheongyo

Geumcheon (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) is the Template:Ill (Template:Korean/auto; different Hanja but same Hangul spelling) that previously flowed through the palace. Water no longer flows through the stream.Template:Sfn

File:창덕궁 금천교 전경.jpg

Geumcheongyo (2012)

The Template:Ill (Template:Korean/auto) is a kŭmch'ŏn'gyo (bridge over a kŭmch'ŏn) that crosses over Geumcheon. It was completed on the 18th day, 3rd month of 1411Template:Sfn and is the oldest extant kŭmch'ŏn'gyŏ of all Joseon palaces.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It has two arches. It has a number of stone statues of mythological creatures. On its northern baluster is a statue of the Black Turtle-Snake, mythological guardian of the north. The statue on the south baluster is the Bai Ze, guardian of the south. On each of the bridge's four newels is a statue of a Xiezhi. The bridge also has engravings of a dokkaebi (Korean goblin) called nati on both sides.Template:Sfn

Former landmarks

Naejo

Naejŏn

Jinggwangnu (Template:Korean/auto) was a two-story pavilion to the northeast of Daejojeon. It was built in 1647 using materials from In'gyŏnggung. It had blue roof tiles. It was destroyed in the 1917 fire. Gyeonghungak was rebuilt in Jinggwangnu's former location in 1920.Template:Sfn

Yeonghwidang (Template:Korean/auto) was a building to the west of Gyeonghungak. It was closely linked with another building Okhwadang. It was destroyed by fire in 1833 and restored. It was destroyed in the 1917 fire and never rebuilt.Template:Sfn

Yeonyangnu (Template:Korean/auto) was a small pavilion to the southeast of Yeonghwidang. It burned down in 1833, was restored, then was again burned down in 1917 and never rebuilt.Template:Sfn

Okhwadang (Template:Korean/auto) was a building to the west of Yeonghwidang. It was named in 1461. It was destroyed by fire in 1833 and restored. It was destroyed in the 1917 fire and never rebuilt.Template:Sfn

Bogyeongdang (Template:Korean/auto) was the living quarters of Royal Noble Consort Sukbin Choe. It was the birthplace of King Sukjong.Template:Sfn It was named in 1461.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn After being destroyed in 1592 during the Imjin War, it was rebuilt in 1647.Template:Sfn

Sodeokdang (Template:Korean/auto) was a northern annex to Seonjeongjeon. It received the name "Sodeokdang" in 1461. It is attested to in 1565 but is not depicted in the 19th-century map Donggwoldo.Template:Sfn

Taehwadang (Template:Korean/auto) was a building to the north of Seonjeongjeon. It is not known when it was built; it is attested to in 1647.Template:Sfn

Jaedeokdang (Template:Korean/auto) was a building to the north of Seonjeongjeon and to the east of Taehwadang.Template:Sfn

East Palace

File:Junghuidang (Donggwoldo).jpeg

Junghuidang (center), as depicted in Donggwoldo (Template:Circa)

Template:Ill (Template:Korean/autoTemplate:Sfn) was the East Palace's main hall and the residence of the crown prince. It was originally built in 1782, likely for Crown Prince Munhyo.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It was meant to replace older facilities in the East Palace that had previously burned down.Template:Sfn After Munhyo's premature death, it was used as a council hall.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It was relocated to an unknown location in 1891; its former location has remained empty ever since.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn A number of its former buildings still stand, including the crown prince's library Seunghwaru (Template:Korean/auto), the gazebo Samsamwa (Template:Korean/auto),Template:Sfn and the building Chilbunseo (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn

Old East Palace

Simindang (Template:Korean/auto), Jeoseungjeon, and Nakseondang (later replaced by Nakseonjae) were together considered the East Palace. Simindang was destroyed by fire in 1780. Rather than rebuild Simindang and the rest of the East Palace, Junghuidang was built in what became the current East Palace area inside the naejŏ.Template:Sfn

Old Seonwonjeon area

Mansujeon (Template:Korean/auto) was a building behind Injeongjeon. It was completed on the 2nd day, 4th month of 1657.Template:Sfn It had an annex building Chunhwijeon (Template:Korean/auto) that was completed that same year.Template:Sfn Mansujeon burned down on the 2nd day, 9th month of 1687. In its place was later built Gyeongbokjeon (Template:Korean/auto).Template:Sfn Chunhwijeon was then converted to a portrait hall. In 1695, it was renamed "Seonwonjeon" and became a part of the Seonwonjeon complex.Template:Sfn Queen Jeongsun died here in 1805.Template:Sfn Gyeongbokjeon burned down on the 24th day, 8th month of 1824.Template:Sfn

Yeongmodang (Template:Korean/auto) was a hall. It was a residence of Queen Jeongsun.Template:Sfn

New Seonwonjeon area

Daebodan (Template:Korean/auto) was a building constructed to hold rituals honoring the Chinese Ming Emperor, in thanks for their assistance during the Imjin War.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It was first built in 1704 and was significantly renovated in 1749.Template:Sfn The building was demolished to make way for the New Seonwonjeon some time between 1911 and 1921.Template:Sfn

Other buildings

Sujeongjeon (Template:Korean/auto). It was originally called Sujeongdang (Template:Korean/auto) and received its final name in 1794.Template:Sfn Repairs were completed on the 8th day, 12th month of 1794. In 1796, the crown prince began to reside here. Queen Jeongsun and Queen Hyoui resided here. A fire broke out here on the 13th day, 12th month of 1813, but the main building was mostly undamaged. Hyoui died here in the 3rd month of 1821.Template:Sfn It was repaired in the 3rd month of 1881 and renamed to Hamnyeongjeon (Template:Korean/auto; different from the Template:Ill in Deoksugung). It was destroyed by fire only months later, on the 7th day, 11th month of 1881.Template:Sfn It was nearly finished being rebuilt when its progress was interrupted by the 1895 assassination of Empress Myeongseong.Template:Sfn Hamnyeongjeon was then relocated to Gyeongbokgung, where it became the building Jibokjae.Template:Sfn

Jibokjae and Hyeopgildang. They were originally built as annex buildings to Sujeongjeon in 1881.Template:Sfn They were spared by the Hamnyeongjeon fire that year. In 1891, they were disassembled and moved to Gyeongbokgung.Template:SfnJipsangjeon (Template:Korean/auto) was a residence hall. It was built in either 1647Template:Sfn or 1667,Template:Sfn originally for Queen Inseon.Template:Sfn

Cheonhangak (Template:Korean/auto) was a building. It was previously named Gyeongsojae (Template:Korean/auto) but was renamed in 1694. It was possibly located to the north of Jipsangjeon.Template:Sfn

Maewoljeong (Template:Korean/auto) was a pavilion to the north of Jipsangjeon. It was demolished when Jipsangjeon was constructed.Template:Sfn

Yeonhwadang (Template:Korean/auto) was a building to the east of Seonjeongjeon. It is attested to existing in 1647 and 1784.Template:Sfn

Jangchunheon (Template:Korean/auto) was a building. It is presumed the building was used as a living quarters for concubines. Queen Danui died here in 1718. The building was gone by the 1790–1834 reign of King Sunjo.Template:Sfn

References

Sources

In Korean

• Template:Cite book
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In English

• Template:Cite book

Additional reading

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite journal

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline
• Template:Official website
• UNESCO: Changdeokgung Palace Complex