Charsadda District, Pakistan

Charsadda District (Template:Langx, Template:Langx) is a district in the Peshawar Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Prior to its establishment as a separate district in 1998, it was a tehsil within the Peshawar District.Template:Sfn Mohamedzai Pashtuns make up the majority of the population of the district along with other minor tribes settled as well such as Uthmankhel, Mohmand, Kakakhel, Khattak. The district headquarter is the town of Charsadda, which was once part of the Peshawar ex-metropolitan region.

Overview and history

The district lies between 34 and 03' and 34-38' north latitudes and 71-28' and 71-53' east longitudes. Charsadda is located in the west of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and is bounded by the Malakand District to the north, Mardan district to the east, Nowshera and Peshawar districts to the south and Mohmand district to the west. The district covers an area of 996 square kilometers.

Charsadda was once part of the kingdom of Gandhara. However, around 516 BC Gandhara became part of the seventh satrapy or province of the Achaemenid Empire and paid tribute to Darius the Great of Persia, until it was overthrown by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.

After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, the Indian Emperor Chandragupta Maurya rose to power and brought Gandhara under his sway. According to a popular tradition, Emperor Ashoka built one of his stupas there.Template:Citation needed Actually, there were two stupas built by Ashoka, mentioned by the famous Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Hieun Tsang, who visited it in 630 AD. Both were near the town of Po-Lu-Sha, one was outside the eastern gate of the town, and the other 20 li (10 km) northeast of it, on the mount Dantaloka.<ref>Beal, Samuel, (ed. & trans.), (1884). Si-yu-ki: Buddhist Records of the Wester World, Volume 1, Author: Huen Tsang, p. 112: "Outside the eastern gate of the town of Po-lu-sha is a sangharama with about fifty priests, who all study the Great Vehicle. Here is a stupa built by Asoka-raja [...] To the north-east of Po-lu-sha city about 20 li or so we come to Mount Dantaloka. Above a ridge of that mountain is a stupa built by Asoka-raja."</ref>

To the east, a Brahminical temple stood while to the north, a monastery was located. According to Buddhists, this monastery was the place where Buddha preached the Law. The name Gandhara went out of usage after Mahmud of Ghazni conquered the area and converted it to Islam in 1026.Template:Citation needed

Bactrian Greeks

This area was also ruled by the Bactrian Greeks between 250 and 125 BC which was succeeded by the Indo-Greek Kingdom who ruled until 10 AD.

Shabqadar

Shabqadar is a tehsil within the District Charsadda. It is Template:Convert north west of Peshawar. A fort was built here by the Sikhs called Sharkargarh. The town was burnt by the Mohmands in 1897. It has since been rebuilt.Template:Citation needed

Bibi Syeda Dheri

Bibi Syeda Dheri is a site half a mile to the north of Umarzai village in Charsadda tehsil. At this location, a mound rises to a height of Template:Convert. It is believed to be the site of the stupa erected to commemorate the conversion by Buddha of goddess Hariti who used to devour children of the locality. There is also a shrine of a lady saint Bibi Syeda.Template:Citation needed

Shar-i-Napursan

Shar-i-Napursan is an archaeological site in Charsadda tehsil near the village Rajjar. Excavations have unearthed two distinct settlements of the Buddhist period and two of the Muslim period. Coins of Menander, Hermaeus and Kanishka have been unearthed.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Palatu Dheri

File:Hashtnagar Buddha piedestal with Year 384 inscription.jpg

Piedestal of a Buddha statue, with Year 384 inscription, from Palatu Dheri.<ref>Problems of Chronology in Gandharan Art p.37</ref>

Palatu Dheri is another archaeological site near Charsadda tehsil. A mile from Shar-i-Napursan is a mound which contains the remains of a stupa, which according to Hieun Tsiang, was built by one Deven. Some coins which connect them both to the first century AD have been unearthed. Other finds include the image of the goddess Kalika-devi. Three inscribed jars, which were presented by some laymen to "the Community of the Four Quarters", are now in the Peshawar Museum.Template:Citation needed

Charsadda

The city of Charsadda originally known as Pushkalavati is mentioned in the Hindu epic story the Ramayana, where Bharata brings this new conquered city to one of his sons, Pushkala.<ref>Shastri, Hari Prasad, (1952). "Uttara-kanda, Chapter 101: The slaying of the Gandharvas and the conquest of their Country", in: The Ramayana of Valmiki: "Bharata, the son of Kaikeyi entered those two opulent and magnificent cities, and there, Bharata established Taksha in Takshashila and Pushkala in Pushkalavata, in the country of the Gandharvas, in the ravishing region of Gandhara."</ref>

Bala Hisar of Charsadda

Bala Hisar was excavated twice by the head of the Archaeological Survey of India, Sir John Marshall, in 1902 and by Sir Mortimer Wheeler in 1958. According to the South Asian Archaeology Research Group of Bradford University, Wheeler suggested that Bala Hisar "was founded by the Persians in the sixth century BC as a colony guarding the eastern edge of their empire".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Demographics

As of the 2023 census, Charsadda district has 263,934 households and a population of 1,835,504. The district has a sex ratio of 107.49 males to 100 females and a literacy rate of 53.94%: 66.55% for males and 40.36% for females. 542,879 (29.58% of the surveyed population) are under 10 years of age. 292,426 (15.93%) live in urban areas.<ref name="2023 census">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Pashto is the predominant language, spoken by 99.66% of the population.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Religion in contemporary Charsadda District

Religious group	1941<ref name="Census1941">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2017<ref name="2017census">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2023<ref name="2023censusreligion">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>
	[[Population|Template:Abbr]]	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr	Template:Abbr
Islam File:Star and Crescent.svg	239,634	98.11%	1,610,087	Template:Percentage	1,830,646	99.76%
Hinduism File:Om.svg	2,533	1.04%	38	Template:Percentage	41	~0%
Sikhism File:Khanda.svg	1,940	0.79%	Template:N/a	Template:N/a	14	~0%
Christianity File:Christian cross.svg	127	0.05%	518	Template:Percentage	4,392	0.24%
Others	12	0.01%	317	Template:Percentage	43	~0%
Total Population	244,246	100%	1,610,960	Template:Percentage	1,835,136Template:Efn	100%
Template:Small

Administration

The district is administratively subdivided into 3 Tehsils comprising a total of 58 Union Councils:<ref>Tehsils & Unions in the District of Charsada - Government of Pakistan Template:Webarchive</ref> Template:Static row numbers

Tehsil	Urdu Name	Pashto Name	Area (km2)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Pop. (2023)	Density (ppl/km2) (2023)	Literacy rate (2023)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Union Councils
Charsadda Tehsil	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	445	909,438	2,043.68	58.56%	34
Shabqadar Tehsil	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	204	440,524	2,159.43	49.65%	12
Tangi Tehsil	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	347	485,542	1,399.26	48.85%	12

National Assembly Seats

The district is represented in the National Assembly by two MNAs who represent the following constituencies:<ref>Members of the National Assembly of Pakistan</ref>

Constituency	MNA	Party
NA-24 (Charsadda-I)	Malik Anwar Taj	SIC
NA-25 (Charsadda-II)	Mr. Fazal Muhammad Khan	SIC

Provincial Assembly Seats

The district is represented in the Provincial Assembly by five MPAs who represent the following constituencies:<ref>Members of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly</ref>

Member of Provincial Assembly	Party affiliation	Constituency	Year
Khalid Khan	Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf	PK-59 (Charsadda-I)	2018
Shakeel Bashir Khan	Awami National Party	PK-60 (Charsadda-II)
Sultan Mohammad Khan	Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf	PK-61 (Charsadda-III)
Fazle Shakoor Khan	Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf	PK-62 (Charsadda-IV)
Mohammad Arif	Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf	PK-63 (Charsadda-V)

Towns and villages

• Sardheri
• Sukar
• Matta Mughal Khel
• Ambhader
• Daulat Pura
• Kangra

See also

• Bacha Khan
• Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)

Bibliography

• Template:Cite book