Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox Russian inhabited locality Chita (Template:Langx, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a city and the administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located on the Trans-Siberian Railway route,<ref name=EB1911>Template:Cite EB1911</ref> roughly Template:Convert east of Irkutsk and roughly Template:Convert west of Khabarovsk. Population: Template:Ru-census

History

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Pyotr Beketov's Cossacks founded Chita in 1653.<ref name="Founded">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="gr"> Template:Cite book </ref> The name of the settlement came from the local River Chita.

Following the Decembrist revolt of 1825, from 1827 several of the Decembrists suffered exile to Chita.<ref name=EB1911/> According to George Kennan, who visited the area in the 1880s, "Among the exiles in Chita were some of the brightest, most cultivated, most sympathetic men and women that we had met in Eastern Siberia."<ref name="Kennan"> Template:Cite book</ref>

When Richard Maack visited the city in 1855, he saw a wooden town, with one church, also wooden. He estimated Chita's population at under 1,000, but predicted that the city would soon experience fast growth, due to the upcoming annexation of the Amur valley by Russia.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

By 1885, Chita's population had reached 5,728,Template:Citation needed and by 1897 it increased to 11,500.<ref name="gr" /> In 1897 the Trans-Siberian Railway reached Chita; rail traffic from 1899 rapidly made Chita the transport hub and industrial centre of the Transbaikal.

During the Russian Revolution of 1905, revolutionary socialists declared the Chita Republic. Tsarist government forces took control again in January 1906.

The Bolsheviks took power in Chita in February 1918. The Imperial Japanese Army occupied Chita from September 1918 to 1920 in the course of the Siberian intervention. On behalf of the White movement, Ataman Grigory Semyonov's Eastern Okraina ruled from Chita for some few months in early 1920 with Japanese support. From October 1920 to November 1922 the city served as the capital of the Far Eastern Republic, which became part of the RSFSR in November 1922.

In 1945, the Soviet authorities held Puyi, who had reigned (1908–1912, 1917) as the last Emperor of China, and some of his associates as prisoners in the city, in a former sanatorium for officers.<ref>S. I. Kuznetsov and S. V. Karasov, "The Last Emperor of China: Internment in the Soviet Union", The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 18(2), 207–226 (2005). {{#invoke:CS1 identifiers|main|_template=doi}}.</ref>Template:Update after

Geography

Chita lies at the confluence of the Chita and Ingoda Rivers, between the Yablonoi Mountains to the west and the Chersky Range to the east. Lake Kenon is located to the west, within the city limits, and the Ivan-Arakhley Lake System is a group of lakes lying about Template:Convert west of Chita.<ref name="GЕ">Google Earth</ref>

Climate

Chita experiences a dry-winter borderline humid continental climate/subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dwb/Dwc, Trewartha climate classification Dcbc/Ecbc) with very cold, very dry winters and warm, relatively wet summers. Despite the southerly latitude, it closely resembles the climate of Fairbanks, Alaska. Template:Weather box

Administrative and municipal status

Chita is the administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai, and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Chitinsky District, to which it is also subordinated.<ref name="Ref468">Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities of Zabaykalsky Krai</ref> As a municipal division, the city of Chita together with one rural locality in Chitinsky District is incorporated as Chita Urban Okrug.<ref name="Note">The Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities lists one city, three urban-type settlements, and fifty-four rural localities in Chitinsky District. The city of Chita and one rural locality are listed as a part of Chita Urban Okrug in Law #316-ZZK.</ref>

Demographics

Template:Historical populationsAs of the 2021 Census, the ethnic composition of Chita was:<ref name="ethnic2021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ethnic group Population Percentage
Russians 217,937 92.6%
Buryats 6,969 3.0%
Armenians 1,013 0.4%
Other Ethnicities 9,403 4.0%
Ethnicity not stated 99,105 –

City districts

The city is subdivided into four administrative districts: Chernovsky (named after the Chernovskiye coal mines and colloquially known as "Chernovskiye"<ref>Как развивался и приходил в упадок Черновский район Читы Template:Webarchive</ref>), Ingodinsky (named after the Ingoda River), Tsentralny, and Zheleznodorozhny.

Chernovsky Administrative District used to be a mining settlement, which was incorporated into Chita in 1941.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Chernovskiye mines themselves are a geological nature monument of international status.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Transportation

Chita is served by Kadala Airport, situated 15 km to the west.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Education

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Chita is home to several facilities of higher education:

Military

Chita Northwest air base is located nearby, as well as the 101st (Hub) Communications Brigade and the 53rd Material Support Regiment. Template:Citation needed

A submarine is named after the city.

Sports

FC Chita is Chita's association football club. Template:Citation needed

An indoor arena for speed skating is planned.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Twin towns – sister cities

Template:See also Chita is twinned with:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Notable people

References

Notes

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Sources

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