Christian Fouchet

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Biography

The son of a cavalry officer, Fouchet was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Seine-et-Oise (today Yvelines).<ref name="Assemblee"/> He graduated from the École libre des sciences politiques with a degree in law and a diploma in political economy.<ref name="NYT 1962">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="ArchNat">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Shortly before the outbreak of World War II, Fouchet was mobilized into the French Air Force. After Marshal Philippe Pétain's request for an armistice with Nazi Germany on 17 June 1940, Fouchet boarded a London-bound British airplane to offer his services to General Charles de Gaulle and the Free French forces; after further training, he was made a sub-lieutenant in the Free French Air Forces.<ref name="ArchNat"/> His missions primarily involved liaison work between the Free French in London and the resistance movement in France.<ref name="NYT 1962" /> Fouchet received his first diplomatic assignment in 1944, when he was assigned as a secretary at the French embassy in Moscow. In 1945 he represented de Gaulle's provisional government before the provisional Polish government in Lublin. He subsequently served as Consul General in India until 1947, and then as a member of the directing committee of the Rally of the French People (RPF) until 1951. <ref name="NYT 1962" />

From 1951, Fouchet served as a deputy for the RPF in the National Assembly, and from 1954 to 1955, he was Minister for Moroccan and Tunisian Affairs in the government of Pierre Mendès France.<ref name="NYT 1962" /> After losing his seat in the National Assembly following the 1956 legislative election, Fouchet entered into foreign service. He was appointed French ambassador to Denmark on 12 July 1958 and would serve as such until 1962. In 1961–1962 he was tasked by de Gaulle with drafting the so-called Fouchet Plan, a proposal consisting of an intergovernmental "Union of States" as an alternative to the European Communities, whose increasing development towards a supranational union was viewed negatively by de Gaulle; the plan failed due to lack of support from other states, and opposition from the Benelux countries.<ref name="Assemblee"/>

From 19 March to 3 July 1962, Fouchet served as the last French colonial head of Algeria, following the Évian Accords. After his return to France, Fouchet was Minister of National Education from 28 November 1962 to 6 April 1967, and Minister of the Interior from 6 April 1967 to 31 May 1968, in the government of Georges Pompidou; he was forced to resign from the latter office after dispatching large numbers of riot troops to quell the protests of May 68.<ref name="NYT1974">Template:Cite news</ref>

Described as a staunch Gaullist, Fouchet left the Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR) in 1971, as he viewed the party as drifting away from the ideological heritage of de Gaulle. He died of a heart attack in Geneva in 1974.<ref name="NYT1974"/>

Fouchet was made a member of the Legion of Honour, as a knight in 1946 and as a commander in 1961. He was also awarded the Croix de Guerre, the Croix de la Valeur Militaire, the Croix of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Medal of the Resistance and the Medal of Free France.<ref name="NYT 1962" />

Personal life

Fouchet married Colette Vautrin in 1955;<ref name="NYT 1962" /> they had one daughter, novelist Lorraine Fouchet.<ref name="NYT1974"/>

Honours and awards

National honours

• Legion of Honour
  • File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg Knight (18 June 1946)
  • File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg Commander (1 April 1961)
• File:Medaille de la Resistance ribbon.svg Resistance Medal (26 August 1946)
• File:Medaille commemorative des Services Volontaires dans la France Libre ribbon.svg Commemorative medal for voluntary service in Free France
• File:Croix de Guerre 1939-1945 ribbon.svg Croix de Guerre 1939–1945
• File:Croix de la Valeur Militaire ribbon.svg Cross for Military Valour with Gold Star

Foreign honours

• File:Ordre de l'Ouissam Alaouite GO ribbon (Maroc).svg Template:Flagicon Grand Officer of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite (1954)
• File:PER Order of the Sun of Peru - Grand Cross BAR.png Template:Flagicon Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru (20 August 1963)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>