Ciriaco De Mita
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Luigi Ciriaco De Mita (Template:IPA; 2 February 1928 – 26 May 2022)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> was an Italian politician and statesman who served as Prime Minister of Italy from April 1988 to July 1989.<ref name="Lentz2014">Template:Cite book</ref>
A member of the Christian Democracy (DC), De Mita served as its secretary and leader from May 1982 until February 1989, becoming one of the most influential politicians in the country, as well as one of the most prominent members of DC's left-wing. During his long-time career, he also served as Minister of Industry, Commerce and Crafts from 1973 to 1974, Minister of Foreign Trade from 1974 to 1976, and Minister for Interventions in the South from 1976 until 1979. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies for more than 40 years between 1963 and 2008 and also member of the European Parliament. During his final years, De Mita served as mayor of his hometown Nusco from 2014 until his death in 2022.
Early life and studies
Ciriaco De Mita was born in Nusco in the Avellinese hinterland in 1928. His father was a tailor and postman, while his mother was a housewife.<ref name="giornale">Template:Cite news</ref> After attending the classical high school in nearby Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi with excellent grades, he won a scholarship in the Augustinianum College and enrolled at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan, where he graduated in law and then started working as a consultant at Enrico Mattei's Eni legal office.<ref name=giornale />
Political career
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As a young man, De Mita joined the Christian Democracy (DC) and entered politics.<ref name="giorno">Template:Cite news</ref> In 1953, De Mita was among the proponents of "La Base", a leftist wing of the party, close to Giovanni Marcora.<ref name=giornale /><ref name="ansa">Template:Cite news</ref> He rose through the ranks of the party, becoming a member of its national council in 1956 during the party's congress in Trento.<ref name="stampa">Template:Cite news</ref>
In the 1963 general election, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies<ref name=ansa /> for the constituency of Benevento–Avellino–Salerno with more than 67,000 votes.<ref>Ministero dell'Interno, Elezioni del 1963, Archivio Storico Ministero dell'Interno</ref> and he will be a deputy uninterruptedly until the elections of 1994.<ref name=giorno /> In 1968 De Mita was appointed undersecretary of state to the Ministry of Interior, becoming a member of the government for the first time.<ref name= stampa />
De Mita was appointed deputy secretary of the Christian Democracy in 1969, serving under the leadership of Arnaldo Forlani; he hold the position until February 1973.<ref name=stampa /> During the 1970s, De Mita hold various positions in the government. He served in the cabinet of Mariano Rumor as Minister of Industry, Trade and Crafts from 8 July 1973 until 23 November 1974; Minister of Foreign Trade from 23 November 1974 to 30 July 1976 in the government of Aldo Moro and Minister for Extraordinary Interventions in Southern Italy in the cabinet of Giulio Andreotti from 30 July 1976 to 21 March 1979.<ref name=stampa />
Secretary of the Christian Democracy
In the 1982 party congress, De Mita was elected secretary of the Christian Democracy with a clear objective of renewing the party.<ref name= ansa /><ref name= stampa /> As party's leader, De Mita suffered a huge loss in the 1983 general election.<ref name= stampa /> In 1986, De Mita was re-elected secretary with 60% support from the party.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
His secretariat is remembered for a rivalry with Bettino Craxi, socialist leader who in the 1980s held the office of Prime Minister for four years. Craxi had always promoted his reformist drive as opposed to the inaction of the Christian democrats and in 1987 he clashed with De Mita for the breaking of the so-called "relay pact" (patto della staffetta), under which the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) would have had to cede the leadership of the government to the DC in the last year of the legislature. Craxi refused to do this and in 1987 a snap election was called.<ref name="quotidiano">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>CRAXI: 'LA STAFFETTA E' LIQUIDATA'</ref>
In 1984 De Mita pushed the future president of Italy, Sergio Mattarella, and Leoluca Orlando to intensify their political commitment with the task of cleaning up the Sicilian branch of the DC from Mafia control. De Mita appointed Mattarella as extraordinary commissioner for Palermo.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
De Mita remained secretary of the DC until 22 February 1989, when he became president of the party, a position he held until 1992.<ref name=quotidiano />
Prime Minister of Italy
After the elections of 1987, De Mita waited a year to become Prime Minister and was appointed on 13 April 1988, heading a five-way coalition (Pentapartito) with DC, PSI, PSDI, PRI and PLI.<ref name=quotidiano /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Three days later, on 16 April 1988, in Forlì, Red Brigades killed Senator Roberto Ruffilli, an advisor of De Mita.<ref>L’attentato al senatore Roberto Ruffilli Template:In lang</ref><ref name=quotidiano /><ref>Terrorists Kill Key Adviser to Incoming Italian Leader</ref> De Mita's government obtained a vote of confidence from the Chamber of Deputies on 21 April, government that had as its main objective the reform of the institutions based on four urgent points: the Italian Parliament, the presidency of the Council of Ministers, local entities and the rules of procedure of the Chamber of Deputies.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>'E ORA COMINCIA LA GRANDE SFIDA' Template:In lang</ref>
In June 1988 his cabinet approved the relocation of 72 U.S. Air Force F-16 fighters to Italy, in response to Spain's request to remove them from its territory.<ref>The World : Italian Cabinet Approves U.S. Jet Move</ref>
In social policy, De Mita's time in office witnessed the passage of a law in May 1988 that introduced a new benefit for salaried workers called "benefit for the family nucleus" (assegno per il nucleo familiare), with the amount varying depending on the number of family members and the family income of the previous year.<ref>European Observatory on Family Policies: National Family Policies in EC-Countries in 1990 by Wilfred Dumon in collaboration with Françoise Bartiaux, Tanja Nuelant, and experts from each of the member states</ref>
After a government crisis caused by rivalry with Craxi, De Mita resigned on 19 May 1989.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was called to form a new coalition government, but did not succeed.<ref>De Mita’s Bid for Italy Coalition Fails</ref> His government finally fell in July 1989 and was succeeded by Giulio Andreotti on 23 July.<ref name=stampa /><ref name=quotidiano /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Later political roles
In September 1992, he was appointed Chairman of the Bilateral Commission for Constitutional Reform, a position he left in March 1993 when was succeeded by Nilde Iotti.<ref name=stampa /><ref name=quotidiano /> In the 1994 elections, De Mita did not run for reelection as a deputy, but ran again in 1996 after a lag of two years and then re-elected in 2001 and 2006.<ref name=stampa /> He then joined the Italian People's Party and later Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy until 2008.<ref name=ansa /><ref name=giorno />
De Mita was Member of the European Parliament between 1999 and 2004, and 2009 to 2014.<ref name=giorno />
On 25 May 2014, De Mita was elected as mayor of Nusco, his native town, and re-elected in 2019, serving until his death in 2022.<ref name= stampa />
Personal life and death
In 1958, De Mita married Anna Maria Scarinzi (born 12 February 1939), with whom he had one son and three daughters, Antonia (born 23 December 1967), Giuseppe (born 10 May 1969), Floriana (born 19 March 1973), and Simona (born 21 April 1974).<ref>Tutto al piano di sotto - Irpiniagate - goffredolocatelli.it</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> His nephew Giuseppe De Mita was member of the Chamber of Deputies between 2013 and 2018, and whose political career Ciriaco was in charge of catapulting.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
De Mita died on 26 May 2022, at the age of 94, while recovering from surgery for a fracture of a femur following a fall at home.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His funeral was held the following day in Nusco.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Electoral history
Template:Notelist Source: Ministry of the Interior
References
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- Pages with broken file links
- 1928 births
- 2022 deaths
- Accidental deaths in Italy
- Accidental deaths from falls
- People from the Province of Avellino
- Italian Roman Catholics
- Christian Democracy (Italy) politicians
- Italian People's Party (1994) politicians
- Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy politicians
- Democratic Party (Italy) politicians
- Union of the Centre (2002) politicians
- Prime ministers of Italy
- Government ministers of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature IV of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature V of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature VI of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature VII of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature VIII of Italy
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- Deputies of Legislature X of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XI of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XIII of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XIV of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XV of Italy
- Union of the Centre (2002) MEPs
- MEPs for Italy 2009–2014
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore alumni