City Island Bridge
Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Stack The City Island Bridge is a bridge in the New York City borough of the Bronx, connecting City Island with Rodman's Neck on the mainland. The original bridge, which carried vehicles from 1901 to 2015, was replaced by the current bridge (also called the City Island Causeway), which opened in 2017. A temporary bridge was used for the demolition and construction period between the original and new bridges.
Old bridge
Since the American Revolutionary War, there have been plans to link City Island with the mainland via means of a bridge.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="draft-arch" /> Before the original bridge named "City Island Bridge" was opened, there was another, unnamed bridge connecting City Island with the rest of the Bronx. The opening date of this first bridge is unclear; some sources attest that it opened in 1873,<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Scott 2017">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while one letter states that it opened in 1857—a disputed date since the letter's writer may have been referring to a past date.<ref name="draft-arch" /><ref>Roe, Zachariah, 1894. Letter in the archives of the City Island Historical Society, concerning the construction of the first bridge from the Bronx to City Island. Dated August 8, 1894.</ref> This first bridge, which was definitely under planning in the 1860s,<ref name=":0" /> was listed in an 1872 map.<ref name="draft-arch" /> It was a tolled drawbridge that was built partly out of wood from the USS North Carolina.<ref name=":0" /> This bridge was located north of the 1899 bridge and connected to City Island at Bridge Street.<ref name="draft-arch" /> When the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation took over Pelham Bay Park in 1888, it claimed responsibility for maintenance over the western end of the bridge, which was located in the park.<ref name="draft-arch" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Construction of the next City Island Bridge, which was the first with that name, was begun in 1898 and completed in 1901.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Built of stone and steel, it spanned Template:Convert and had a projected cost of $200,000, Template:Inflation. The bridge had five fixed spans and a central swing section, through which ships could pass.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As originally built, the bridge's City Island end connected to City Island Avenue rather than at Bridge Street, and was located partially on landfill.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> The bridge was the sole entry and exit for vehicles on City Island.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite press release</ref> As such, it served both as a landmark and a gateway to City Island.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The swing section was deactivated and turned into a fixed span in 1963.<ref name="draft-arch">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1978–1979, a proposed renovation would have detonated explosives on the corroding piers,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but the plan was altered so that the piers would get heavy refurbishment instead.<ref name="draft-arch" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
By 2002, the bridge was in bad shape, and city leaders held a meeting about the deteriorating bridge, showing images of corrosion on the supports, although the corrosion had since been fixed by that time. The bridge, which had been inspected in July 1999, had been deemed capable of carrying up to Template:Convert.<ref name=current200206>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The city leaders listed four options for the bridge's future: one entailed renovating the existing span, while the other three were for new spans. The new span proposals included a conventional causeway-style bridge with four piers; an arch bridge with large foundations on either side of the water; and a cable-stayed bridge with a tower either Template:Convert high.<ref name=current200206 />
ReplacementTemplate:Anchor
To replace the deteriorating bridge, the city originally intended to build a cable-stayed bridge, with a Template:Convert high tower, Template:Convert wide at the top, with a base of Template:Convert. Vertical clearance above high water would be Template:Convert.<ref name="current200504">Template:Cite news</ref> The new bridge would be located in the same footprint as the existing bridge, although it would be Template:Convert wider to accommodate three standard-width traffic lanes, a bicycle lane and a pedestrian walkway.<ref name="current200504" />
The original schedule was for the project to begin in 2007 with completion in 2010. The project was then postponed until June 2012.<ref name="B&T 2010">New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT)(2011). "2010 Bridges and Tunnels Annual Condition Report." Accessed January 30, 2012.</ref>Template:Rp<ref>NYCDOT (2004). "2003 Bridges and Tunnels Annual Condition Report." p. 36. Accessed September 11, 2009.</ref> Due to the project postponement, during 2010 repairs were made to the existing bridge deck, piers, and west abutment.<ref name="B&T 2010" />Template:Rp Due to a lack of funding the project was delayed once more until the city announced it would accept bids in late 2012, with Tutor Perini selected as general contractor in February 2013.<ref name="Tutor Perini 2013 financial results">Template:Cite news</ref> In 2005 the estimated cost of the project was $50 million.<ref name="perahia">Template:Cite conference</ref> In 2009 the estimate increased to $120 million due to redesigns and the addition of related projects.<ref name="lombardi">Template:Cite news</ref> The final bid came in at $102.7 million.<ref name="TP press release 2013-02-21">Template:Cite press release</ref>
Some residents, however, opposed the design of the cable-stayed bridge and felt that its tower would be out of character with the low-rise homes on City Island.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Opponents of the bridge design filed a lawsuit against the city on November 6, 2013. A Bronx Supreme Court judge granted a temporary injunction on that date.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In December 2013 the court lifted the injunction, but ruled that the city must conduct public hearings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The city's prior consultations with the island community, which began during the early design stages, had been informal. The court's ruling requires the city to follow its Uniform Land Use Review Procedure, which includes local Community Board hearings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On May 5, 2014, the original bridge plans were scrapped, and the de Blasio administration chose to go with a slightly cheaper and much shorter causeway-style bridge. The bridge, which was later approved, would be completed by 2017.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
A temporary steel bridge was erected in 2015, but a partial collapse in September delayed the opening of the temporary bridge.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On December 16, 2015, the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) conducted a road test on the temporary steel bridge by running heavy equipment including fire trucks over the bridge.<ref name="WCBS1" /> The NYCDOT conducted the tests to ease residents' concerns about the integrity of the temporary structure.<ref name="WCBS1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Two days later on December 18, the original bridge was closed, and traffic was routed to the temporary bridge.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Shortly after that, the city began demolishing the original bridge, with the new bridge being constructed on the same site as the 1901 bridge.<ref name=":1" /> The new bridge opened on October 29, 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>