Clitheroe
Template:Short description Template:Other uses Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox UK place Clitheroe (Template:IPAc-en) is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England; it is located Template:Convert north-west of Manchester. It is near the Forest of Bowland and is often used as a base for tourists visiting the area. In 2018, the Clitheroe built-up area had an estimated population of 16,279.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The town was listed in the 2017 The Sunday Times report on the best places to live in Northern England,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> while the wider Ribble Valley, of which Clitheroe is the most populous settlement, was listed in the 2018 and 2024 Sunday Times report on the best places to live.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Clitheroe and the wider Ribble Valley have also been listed as healthiest and happiest place to live in the United Kingdom.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The town's most notable building is Clitheroe Castle, which is one of the smallest Norman keeps in Great Britain.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref> Several manufacturing companies have sites here, including Dugdale Nutrition, Hanson Cement, Johnson Matthey and Tarmac. Template:TOC limit
History
The name Clitheroe is thought to come from the Anglo-Saxon for "Rocky Hill",<ref name="council-hist">Template:Cite web</ref> and was also spelled Clyderhow and Cletherwoode,<ref name="britannica">Template:Cite EB1911</ref> amongst others. The town was the administrative centre for the lands of the Honour of Clitheroe. The Battle of Clitheroe was fought in 1138 during the Anarchy. These lands were held by Roger the Poitevin, who passed them to the de Lacy family, from whom they passed by marriage in 1310 or 1311 to Thomas, Earl of Lancaster.<ref name=britannica /> It subsequently became part of the Duchy of Lancaster until Charles II at the Restoration bestowed it, on George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, from whose family it descended through the house of Montague to that of Buccleuch.<ref name=britannica />
At one point, the town of Clitheroe was given to Richard, 1st Duke of Gloucester. Up until 1835, the Lord of the Honor was also by right Lord of Bowland, the so-called Lord of the Fells.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The town's earliest existing charter is from 1283, granted by Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, confirming rights granted by one of his forebears between 1147 and 1177.<ref name=council-hist />
According to local legend, stepping stones across the River Ribble near the town are the abode of an evil spirit, who drowns one traveller every seven years.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Jet engine development
During World War II, the jet engine was developed by the Rover Company.<ref>David S Brooks (1997). Vikings at Waterloo: Wartime Work on the Whittle Jet Engine by the Rover Company. Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust. Template:ISBN]</ref> Rover and Rolls-Royce met engineers from the different companies at Clitheroe's Swan & Royal Hotel. The residential area 'Whittle Close' in the town is named after Frank Whittle, being built over the site of the former jet engine test beds.
Ancient monuments
The town has three Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Bellmanpark Lime kiln and embankment,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Edisford Bridge<ref>Template:NHLE</ref> and Clitheroe Castle.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref>
Governance and representation
The town elected two members to the Unreformed House of Commons. The Great Reform Act reduced this to one. The parliamentary borough was abolished under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.
It was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and remained a municipal borough, based at Clitheroe Town Hall, until the Local Government Act 1972 came into force in 1974, when it became a successor parish within the Ribble Valley district.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Since 1991, the town of Clitheroe has elected at least 8 out of the 10 Liberal Democrat borough councillors on Ribble Valley Borough Council, while Clitheroe Town Council has been Liberal Democrat-controlled for that period too. Likewise, since 1993, the town has elected a Liberal Democrat County Councillor to Lancashire County Council.
Clitheroe was one of earliest seats to elect a Labour MP, when David Shackleton won the 1902 Clitheroe by-election for the Labour Representation Committee. He was the first Labour MP to win a by-election, and the third ever elected. He was returned unopposed, but easily won the subsequent 1906 general election, at which he was challenged by an Independent Conservative. Shackleton was General Secretary of the Textile Factory Workers Association, and at the time, there were a large number of mill workers living locally. Labour lost the seat at the 1922 election, and did not regain it until their 1945 landslide victory. The Conservatives won the seat back at the next general election, in 1950, and held it from then until 1983, when the constituency was abolished due to boundary changes. From 1885 to 1983, when the seat existed, the boundaries covered areas outside Clitheroe itself, including parts of Burnley and Colne.
As part of the Ribble Valley constituency, Clitheroe has been represented by a Conservative Member of Parliament for many years, with the exception of Michael Carr, who won a by-election in 1991 for the Liberal Democrats, but who lost the seat at the general election a year later.
The incumbent MP is Jonathan Hinder, a Labour MP first elected in 2024. Hinder is the first Labour candidate to have won in the Clitheroe area since the 1945 general election. Template:Clear left
Climate
Economy
Industry
ICI founded a chemical plant in 1941, which was sold for a reported £260 million in September 2002, to Johnson Matthey.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Conservatory manufacturer Ultraframe was started in Clitheroe, by John Lancaster in 1983. In March 1997, it floated on the stock exchange, being valued at £345 million in 2003. In June 2006, however, a downturn led to a takeover by Brian Kennedy's Latium Holdings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Hanson Cement has been criticised for using industrial waste in its kilns. The company claims that its filters remove these and that government inspectors have approved the plant.
Another local firm, the family-owned animal feed producer Dugdale Nutrition can trace its history back to John Dugdale who was trading at Waddington Post Office in 1850.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Retail
Historically, Dawsons green grocers was a significant player in the town retail fabric, circa late sixties and early seventies. Batemans Boys Wear fulfilled a retail need from approx 1968–1980.
There are numerous banks and building societies, including Skipton Building Society & HSBC. Clitheroe has three jewellers, with Nettletons Jewellers being on the high street.
In May 2007, planning permission was granted for a Homebase, although the store didn't open until April 2009.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In April 2015, work officially started on a new development, consisting of Aldi and Pets at Home.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In October 2015, Aldi officially opened, with Pets at Home and Vets4pets following shortly afterwards.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2025 the Range opened in the former Homebase building.
Clitheroe has five supermarkets: Booths, Tesco, Sainsbury's (including an Argos), Lidl, and Aldi. There is a shopping centre known as the Swan Courtyard. In May 2007, when Kwik Save entered administration, its store on Station Road closed. In September 2008, Booths bought the site, and expanded their store, where it currently houses charity shop YMCA.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Demographics
| Clitheroe Ethnic groups 2011<ref name=Cen2011>Template:NOMIS2011</ref> | Percentage |
|---|---|
| White British | 94.9% |
| Asian | 2.0% |
| Black | 0.1% |
At the 2011 United Kingdom census, Clitheroe civil parish had a population of 14,765.<ref name=Cen2011/> 5 electoral wards cover the same area (Salthill, Littlemoor, Edisford and Low Moor, St Mary's and Primrose). It has small Eastern European and Asian Populations which are both of similar sizes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Religion
There are three Anglican churches: the Parish Church of St Mary Magdalene; St James' Church; St Paul's in Low Moor. The Roman Catholic church of St Michael and St John Church is at Lowergate and St Augustine's High School in Billington is the local Roman Catholic secondary school.
Trinity Methodist Church is on the edge of Castle Park in Clitheroe. There is also a United Reformed Church in the town; the Clitheroe Community Church and a Salvation Army citadel. Since 2017, there is also a Friends meeting house. A former church at Lowergate was granted permission in December 2006 to become a multi faith centre, with a Muslim prayer room. It is open for all faiths to use the rest of the building.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The conversion was completed in March 2014.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Landmarks
The castle
Clitheroe Castle is argued to be the smallest Norman keep in the whole of England. It stands atop a 35-metre knoll of limestone and is one of the oldest buildings in Lancashire.
The castle's most prominent feature is the hole in its side which was made in 1649 as was ordered by the government.
Dixon Robinson was in residence as Steward of the Honour of Clitheroe from 1836 until his death in 1878 and resided at the castle for the same period.<ref name="The Blackburn Standard 2233">"Death of Dixon Robinson". The Blackburn Standard (2233): 8. 27 July 1878.</ref> His son Aurthur Ingram Robinson lived at the Castle after 1878, and inherited the Steward title too (see Honour of Clitheroe).
Transport
The town has good local public transport links, centred around Clitheroe Interchange.
Railway
Clitheroe railway station is on the Ribble Valley line, providing hourly passenger services to Blackburn, Manchester Victoria and Rochdale; the route is operated by Northern Trains.<ref>Welch, M.S. (2004) Lancashire Steam Finale, Runpast Publishing, Cheltenham, Template:ISBN</ref> Services are operated usually by Class 150 diesel multiple units, & Class 156 units.
Regular passenger train services had ceased in 1962; they resumed in 1994, though only south towards Blackburn at first. Ribble Valley Rail, a community rail group, is campaigning for services from Clitheroe to be extended north to Hellifield.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On Saturdays, DalesRail trains run to Settle and Ribblehead. A number of freight trains also pass through Clitheroe each week.
Buses
There are frequent bus services from Clitheroe Interchange to the surrounding Lancashire and Yorkshire settlements. Transdev Blazefield, with its Blackburn Bus Company and Burnley Bus Company subsidiaries, operates mainly interurban services to other towns in Lancashire. Stagecoach in Lancashire operates the 280 Preston–Skipton service. Other operators include Preston Bus & Vision Bus.
Sport
Clitheroe F.C. play in the Northern Premier League Division One North. Originally established in 1877 as Clitheroe Central, they play their home games at the Shawbridge Stadium.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> There is also a youth football club, Clitheroe Wolves, founded in 1992.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Cricket has been played in Clitheroe since the 1800s, with Clitheroe Cricket Club being formed in 1862 as an amalgamation of two sides, Clitheroe Alhambra and the local Rifles Corps. Based at Chatburn Road and members of the Ribblesdale League since its inception, the club won the league title and both the Ramsbottom and Twenty-20 cups in the 2006 season.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The Clitheroe Golf Club was founded in 1891, and originally the course was at Horrocksford on land now quarried away. The current course was designed by James Braid, and play began in the early 1930s. It is located south of the town in the neighbouring parish of Pendleton.<ref>Template:HERR</ref> Clitheroe Rugby Union Football Club, formed in 1977, play at Silcock Park (formerly Littlemoor Park) on Littlemoor Road in the town and run two adult mens rugby teams, one adult ladies team and have a thriving junior section.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In August 2005, a cycle race, the Clitheroe Grand Prix, took place in the town, with Russell Downing finishing ahead of Chris Newton.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In August 2006, Ben Greenwood won, with Ian Wilkinson second,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but in April 2007, the council decided not to support another event, citing poor attendance.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The town was also the start point of the second stage of the 2015 Tour of Britain.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Public sports facilities are available at Edisford, with the Ribblesdale Pool and Clitheroe Tennis Centre located there, along with a number of football pitches and netball courts.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The site is shared with the Roefield Leisure Centre, developed and operated by a registered charity whose supporters began fund-raising in 1985.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In April 2006, Clitheroe Skatepark officially opened in the Castle grounds, built and funded by the Lancaster Foundation charitable trust.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In June 2016, Clitheroe-raised mixed martial artist, Michael Bisping, won the UFC Middleweight Championship, by defeating Luke Rockhold by way of knockout in the first round of the fight.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 5 July 2019 he was inducted into The UFC Hall of Fame. He is the first English fighter to be inducted.
Culture
In 2018, the short documentary Alfie the Odd-Job Boy of Clitheroe featured on BBC Three. The film follows the ups and downs of 18-year-old Alfie Cookson, who set up his own business on a tandem pushbike and trailer after struggling to work for other people.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Festivals
Clitheroe has hosted the Ribble Valley Jazz and Blues Fest since making a return in 2010 after more than 40 years. It is held annually, usually during Early May Bank Holiday weekend.
The annual Clitheroe Food Festival takes place in early August. Eighty or more Lancashire food and drink producers are selected to participate by the festival organisers. Lancashire's top professional chefs, the town's retailers, groups and volunteer organisations also take part.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North West and ITV Granada. Television signals are received from the Winter Hill TV transmitter.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Local radio stations are BBC Radio Lancashire, Heart North West, Smooth North West, Greatest Hits Radio Lancashire, Capital Manchester and Lancashire, and Ribble FM, a community based station which broadcast to the town and across the Ribble Valley.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The town is served by the local newspapers, Burnley Express (formerly The Clitheroe Advertiser & Times) and Lancashire Telegraph.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Education
The two main secondary schools in the town are Clitheroe Royal Grammar School, Ribblesdale High School .There are several primary schools in the town. These are St James's Church of England Primary School, St. Michael and John's Roman Catholic Primary School, Pendle Primary School, Edisford Primary School, Brookside Primary School and newly built (2024) Ribblesdale Primary School.
Health
Clitheroe has a health centre, accommodating the Pendleside Medical Practice and the Castle Medical Group. There is a community hospital. The area is served by the East Lancashire Commissioning Care Group. Clitheroe also has its own Ambulance, Fire and police stations.
Twin town
Clitheroe is twinned with Rivesaltes, a small town in France.
Notable Clitheronians
- Robert de Cliderhou (died. 1339?), clerk in the Court of Chancery and pastor.<ref>Template:Cite DNB</ref>
- Richard Shuttleworth (c.1613–1648), politician, MP for Clitheroe between 1640 and 1648.
- James King (1750–1784), Royal Navy officer,<ref>Template:Cite DNB</ref> was with James Cook on his last voyage around the world.<ref>Template:Cite DCB</ref>
- Dixon Robinson (1795–1878) Steward of the Honour of Clitheroe, Blackburn lawyer and major landowner and employer in Clitheroe and Chatburn. Built the Pendle Hotel. Owned the Bold Venture Kiln and Quarry from 1837 to 1878. Lived at Clitheroe Castle.<ref name="The Blackburn Standard 2233"/>
- John Brogden (1798–1869), a railway industrialist, formed John Brogden and Sons with four of his five sons.
- Sir William Dunn, 1st Baronet, of Clitheroe (1856–1926), Tory Party politician and 589th Lord Mayor of London.
- Dame Ellen Musson (1867–1960), Chair of the General Nursing Council for England and Wales.
- Arthur Joseph Wrigley (1902–1983), obstetrician and gynaecologist, designed the Wrigley forceps
- Jimmy Clitheroe (1921–1973) a comedian well known for his radio show The Clitheroe Kid, was born in the town and raised locally.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Jeff Nuttall (1933–2004), poet, actor, teacher, painter, sculptor, jazz musician, anarchist and social commentator
- Sir Derek Spencer (1936–2023), barrister and politician; MP for Leicester South from 1983 to 1987 and for Brighton Pavilion from 1992 to 1997 when he was also Solicitor General for England and Wales.
- Ian Sharp (born 1946), film and TV director, he directed Who Dares Wins (1982) and the action sequences of the James Bond film GoldenEye (1995).
- Peter Hargreaves (born 1946), co founder of Hargreaves Lansdown plc., he owns three racehorses.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Pattie Coldwell (1952–2002), TV and radio presenter and journalist.
- John Pettinger (born 1953), awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal in the Falklands War (1982)
Sport
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- Cyril Washbrook (1914–1999), cricketer, who played 592 First-class cricket matches and 37 Test cricket matches
- Bill Slater (1927–2018), footballer who played 352 games including 310 for Wolves
- Jim Furnell (born 1937), football goalkeeper, who played 430 games, mainly for Arsenal & Plymouth Argyle
- John Lund (born 1954), Eight-time BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars World Champion.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Simon Westwell (born 1961), former professional footballer, played 63 games for Preston North End
- Michael Bisping (born 1979), former UFC World Middleweight Champion, now sports commentator and actor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Jon Schofield (born 1985), canoeist, lives locally, won bronze and silver at the 2012 & 2016 Summer Olympics
- Samantha Murray (born 1989), a modern pentathlete, silver medallist at the 2012 Summer Olympics.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Adam Barton (born 1991), professional footballer, played about 380 games, starting with 50 for Preston North End
Media gallery
See also
References
Further reading
- Thomas Dunham Whitaker, An history of the original parish of Whalley, and honor of Clitheroe, 1818 Full text at archive.org
- Farrer and Brownbill, The Victoria history of the county of Lancaster Vol 1, 1906 Full text at archive.org
External links
Template:Clitheroe Template:Borough of Ribble Valley Template:Lancashire