Coat of arms of Andorra

The coat of arms of Andorra (Catalan: Escut d'Andorra) is the heraldic device consisting of a shield divided quarterly by the arms of the Bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix – who have historically been the two co-princes of Andorra – in addition to the emblems of Catalonia and the Viscount of Béarn. Utilized unofficially since the Middle Ages, its status as the coat of arms of the Principality of Andorra was formalized in 1993 upon the implementation of their new constitution. The escutcheon is featured on the flag of Andorra.

Official description

Andorran law describes the coat of arms as follows:<ref>Lleis. Sentències del Tribunal Constitucional</ref>

The coat of arms of the Principality of Andorra has been traditionally formed by four quarters, two of which are the ones of the two Co-Princes. The four traditional quarters are:

• 1) that of the Bishopric, represented by a golden mitre and a golden crosier on a red background;
• 2) that of Foix;
• 3) that of Catalonia;
• 4) that of Béarn.

The arms can have at the bottom the motto "Virtus Unita Fortior". The arms can have an aureola, a scroll, or it can be crowned by the lord's emblems (crown, chapeau).

History

File:Andorra-coa-old.jpg

The coat of arms featured on the exterior of the Casa de la Vall

The usage of the arms of the Bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix stems originates from a settlement made in 1278 concerning territory sandwiched between the lands they had jurisdiction over.<ref name=EB>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> The two parties agreed to protect the principality jointly as co-princes.<ref name=EB/><ref name=DK>Template:Cite book</ref> The arms of Catalonia and Béarn were added, and a "centuries-old carving" of this four-part quartered emblem is featured on the exterior of the country's parliament building<ref name=EB/> – the Casa de la Vall – which served as the meeting place of the General Council until 2014.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was also found on the lintel of a house in Barcelona dating back to 1761.<ref name=corner>Template:Cite news</ref> However, its status was not official until it was designated as the principality's coat of arms under Article 2(2) of the Constitution of Andorra,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which was approved in a 1993 referendum and came into force that same year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Design

Construction

The four shields depicted on the coat of arms

Arms	Position	Explanation
File:Andorra - Urgel.svg	Top left	The arms of the Bishop of Urgell, who is one of the two co-princes of Andorra.
File:Andorra - Foix.svg	Top right	The arms of the Count of Foix, the historical co-prince of Andorra who is currently represented by the President of France.
File:Andorra - Aragón.svg	Bottom left	The arms of Catalonia
File:Andorra - Bearne.svg	Bottom right	The arms of the Viscounts of Béarn, the historical feudal lords of Andorra. The arms consist of 2 Béarnaise cows.

Symbolism

The top two quarters depict the arms of the "two traditional protectors" of the principality – the Count of Foix and the Bishop of Urgell.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> While the latter title is still extant and its holder continues to rule Andorra as a co-prince, the former was absorbed, first into the title of King of France, and subsequently transferred to the President of France.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The quarters at the bottom – of Catalonia and Béarn – allude to the other territories that Andorra has historically been reliant upon.<ref name=DK/> At the bottom is the country's motto in Template:Langx, Template:Langx.<ref name=EB/><ref name=CIA>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Uses

The coat of arms is employed on the centre yellow band of the flag of Andorra.<ref name=CIA/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It also features extensively on coins minted by Andorra.<ref name=corner/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Variations

File:Coat of Arms of the high authorities of Andorra.svg

Coat of arms of the High Authorities Co-Princes and Head of the Government

• Coat of arms before the 16th century
  Coat of arms before the 16th century
• Coat of arms, 1580
  Coat of arms, 1580
• Ecclesiastical version (for Bishop of Urgell), Template:C. 1800–1959
  Ecclesiastical version (for Bishop of Urgell), Template:C. 1800–1959
• Coat of arms of the French Co-Prince of Andorra (historical), Template:C. 1870–1959
  Coat of arms of the French Co-Prince of Andorra (historical), Template:C. 1870–1959
• Coat of arms, Template:C. 1800–1949
  Coat of arms, Template:C. 1800–1949
• Coat of arms (flag version), 1931–1949
  Coat of arms (flag version), 1931–1949
• Coat of arms, 1949–1959
  Coat of arms, 1949–1959
• Coat of arms, 1959–1993
  Coat of arms, 1959–1993

See also

• Flag of Andorra

External links

• Llei sobre la utilització dels signes d'estat, de 20-6-96.