Cordia

Cordia is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. It contains 228 species of shrubs and trees, that are found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.<ref name = powo/> Many of the species are commonly called manjack, while Template:Lang may refer to several Central American species in Spanish.

The generic name honours German botanist and pharmacist Valerius Cordus (1515–1544).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Like most other Boraginaceae, the majority have trichomes (hairs) on the leaves.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of Cordia is complex and controversial. Gottschling et al. (2005) say this is partly due to "extraordinarily high intraspecific variability" in some groups of species, making identification difficult, and partly due to new taxa having been "airily described on the basis of poorly preserved herbarium specimens".<ref name=GottMillWeigHilg05>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Selected species

• Cordia africana Lam. – White manjack
• Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken – Spanish elm, Ecuador laurel, salmwood, bocote (Neotropics)<ref name="Elsevier">Template:Cite book</ref>
• Cordia boissieri A.DC. – Anacahuita, Texas olive (southern Texas, Northern Mexico)
• Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. – Black sage, wild sage
• Cordia dentata Poir. – White manjack
• Cordia dichotoma G.Forst – Fragrant manjack, bird lime tree (Tropical Asia and Australasia)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Cordia leucophlyctis Template:Small – (endemic to the Galápagos Islands)
• Cordia lutea Template:Small – Yellow cordia (western South America, including the Galápagos Islands)
• Cordia monoica
• Cordia myxa L. – Assyrian plum (South Asia)
  Cordia domestica is treated as a separate species by some sources, and as C. myxa var. domestica by others.<ref name="TPL_kew-2736727">Template:Cite web</ref> Cordia obliqua Template:Small (the clammy cherry) has been placed in the "Cordia myxa complex",<ref name=GRIN>Template:GRIN</ref> or treated as a synonym for Cordia dichotoma.<ref name="kew-2737055">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Cordia platythyrsa Baker – West African cordia
• Cordia rupicola Urban – Puerto Rico manjack (Puerto Rico)
• Cordia sebestena L. – Geiger tree, large-leaf Geigertree (southern Florida, Greater Antilles, Central America)
• Cordia sinensis Lam. (=C. gharaf) – Grey-leafed saucerberry
• Cordia subcordata Lam. – Kou, tou, marer (Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, northern Australia, Pacific Islands)
• Cordia sulcata DC. – Mucilage manjack, laylay, white manjack, wild clammy cherry
• Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arráb. ex Steud.

Formerly placed here

• Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masam. (as C. retusa Vahl)<ref name="GRINSpecies">Template:Cite web</ref>

Ecology

Cordia species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera species, such as Endoclita malabaricus, Bucculatrix caribbea, and Bucculatrix cordiaella.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The wild olive tortoise beetle (Physonota alutacea) feeds on C. boissieri, C. dentata, C. inermis, and C. macrostachya.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Uses

Ornamental

Many members of this genus have fragrant, showy flowers and are popular in gardens, although they are not especially hardy.<ref name="Bennett">Template:Cite book</ref>

As food

A number of the tropical species have edible fruits, known by a wide variety of names including clammy cherries, glue berries, sebesten, or snotty gobbles. In India, the fruits of local species are used as a vegetable, raw, cooked, or pickled, and are known by many names, including lasora in Hindi. One such species is fragrant manjack (C. dichotoma), which is called gunda or tenti dela in Hindi and lasura in Nepali. The fruit of the fragrant manjack is called phoà-pò·-chí (破布子), 樹子仔, or 樹子(Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiū-chí) in Taiwan where they are eaten pickled.

Glue

The white, gooey inner pulp of the fruits is traditionally used to make glue.Template:Citation needed

Wood

The wood of several Cordia species is commercially harvested. Ecuador laurel (C. alliodora), ziricote (C. dodecandra), Spanish elm (C. gerascanthus), and C. goeldiana are used to make furniture and doors in Central and South America.<ref name="Bennett"/>

Ziricote<ref>http://www.lmii.com/CartTwo/thirdproducts.asp?CategoryName=+Backs+and+Sides&NameProdHeader=Ziricote Luthiers Mercantile page about Ziricote</ref> and bocote<ref>http://www.lmii.com/CartTwo/thirdproducts.asp?CategoryName=+Backs+and+Sides&NameProdHeader=Bocote Luthiers Mercantile page about Ziricote</ref> are sometimes used as tonewoods for making the backs and sides of high-end acoustic guitars such as the Richard Thompson signature model from Lowden.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Similarly, drums are made from C. abyssinica, C. millenii, and C. platythyrsa due to the resonance of the wood.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Smoking

Cordia leaves can be dried and used to smoke cannabis with.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Gallery

• C. sinensis foliage and fruit.
  C. sinensis foliage and fruit.
• C. sinensis trees.
  C. sinensis trees.
• Fruits of Cordia goetzei
  Fruits of Cordia goetzei