Coron, Palawan

Coron, officially the Municipality of Coron (Template:Langx), is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the Template:PH wikidata, it has a population of Template:PH wikidata people.Template:PH wikidata

It is home to the Coron Island Natural Biotic Area, which is listed in the natural category of the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List.<ref name="UNESCO">Template:Cite web</ref>

Etymology

Before the present name, it was called Bancuang, named after the native name of the palm that grew abundantly along the rivers and marshes especially at the spot where the spring that was source of the town's water supply was found. When the Spaniards arrived, they named the area Peñon de Coron, after the Tagbanua word "Corong", a type of pot. In 1902, the name was changed into Coron, its present name.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>

History

Precolonial and Spanish era

The Calamian Islands were originally inhabited mainly by Tagbanuas and the Calamianen beginning their settlement in the 11th century.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Oral history tells that the Datu Macanas ruled the entire Busuanga Island where present-day Coron town lies. Early on Spanish exploration of the islands, Fray de la Concepcion took note of the friendliness of the people of Busuanga Island and the ferocity of the Tagbanua tribe living in Coron Island.<ref name=":0" />

Early on the history of the Calamianes, Coron was directly ruled by the Spanish in Mindoro while the island of Cuyo by the Spanish authorities in Panay. In this area of the Calamianes, the first permanent Spanish settlement was Culion, with Coron as its visita.<ref name=":0" /> A fort and church were built in Libis (San Pedro), Culion around 1670 by the Spaniards as part of the defenses against the Muslim raids.

Between 1730-1735, Spanish missionaries built another cotta at Culion to defend from Moro incursions. The Spaniards eventually left for Panay with the exception of priests who stayed at Camianan.<ref name=":0" />

Coron became a settlement for migrants to the Calamianes. Don Nicolas Manlavi, a Cuyonon served several years in Spanish Galleons, and an Ilonggo from Jaro, Ilo-ilo named Claudio Sandoval later wed Nicolas' only daughter Evarista. The Sandoval clan of the Calamianes came from this union.

It was Don Nicolas Manlavi who established the first settlement in Coron in 1749 which was initially at Banuang Lague (old town) in present-day Banuang Daan in Coron Island. Due to Moro depredations, many people moved to Tagum and Makinit, living in these areas temporarily. In 1800, a new town site was created and people began resettling into this place. To defend from the Moro attacks, they built the Coron Fortress and the Ili Fort in San Miguel at Linacapan.<ref name=":0" />

Revolutionary era

After the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution led by the Katipunan, the Spaniards became paranoid and convicted 200 men in both Balabac and Calamianes of being anti-Spanish propagandists and placed them in exile. At least half of them were from Busuanga. The anti-Spanish propagandists garrisoned in Culion were led by Rufo Sandoval.<ref name=":0" />

In January 1899, in the aftermath of the revolution, an expedition by revolutionary general Esteban Causapin, Capitan Kilatan and Commandant Pascual Silva with about 20 soldiers arrived at Coron. They told the people that their purpose was to liberate them from the Spaniards of the Hacienda Malbate owned by Bernardo Ascano. The people were easily won over and many recruits were acquired. As a result, Bernardo Ascano and his family were imprisoned by the revolutionaries. Commandant Silva remained at Malbate and confiscated the property of a rich Chinese man named Laurente Tan.<ref name=":0" />

Overtime, the principales of Cuyo heard of the unlawful activities of Silva and sought the aid of the Capitan General of Iloilo. The Capitan General then sent Commandant Simeon Rodriguez and his son Captain Gregorio Rodriguez to Cuyo. The tercio civiles under Lieutenant Federico Quizon were turned over to these authorities. Gregorio remained in Cuyo while Simeon and Quizon arrived in Culion in February of the same year. Quizon made an attempt to collaborate with Silva but was caught and executed by Simeon's forces. Silva then left Malbate and proceeded to Bintuan to get more rice. He went to Juan Palanca, a rich Chinese man from the area. Palanca delayed giving help to Silva and secretly informed the authorities of Silva's presence in the area. Silva was eventually arrested, taken to Culion and executed. From this point forward, the people of Coron were able to live peacefully.<ref name=":0" />

American era

In 1899, American forces arrived in the area and established a military government.<ref name=":0" />

Late in the 1890s, an American naturalist, Dean Worcester, journeyed through the Calamianes collecting specimens and stayed briefly in Culion. At the turn of the century, he was appointed part of the First Philippine Commission, becoming the Secretary of the Interior. He recommended Culion as the Philippine Leper Colony. This act forced the transfer of the Sandoval clan in 1900 to the various barrios of what is now Coron and Busuanga. The Coron town was settled by the family of Claudio Sandoval, and the other Sandovals settled in what is now Bintuan, Salvacion, Concepcion, and Old Busuanga.<ref name=":0" />

On June 2, 1902, a civil government was established with Don Vicente Sandoval as the first Municipal President of Coron thereby converting Coron into a municipality. Since 1905, lepers were segregated in Culion.<ref name=":0" />

In 1907, a beautiful church was built at San Miguel by Capitan Gabino Perez, which remains in total ruin after World War II. However, its old foundation remains visible.<ref name=":0" />

In 1937, during the tenure of Mayor Francisco Reyes, mining companies began operating in the municipality in search of manganese, especially at Malbate. The Compania Minera de Filipina were the first of these exploitative companies. On October 17, 1937, Mayor Francisco Reyes and 6 other councilors resigned due to resentment. He was succeeded by Pedro S. Echague.<ref name=":0" />

World War II

Japanese occupation

At 0800 on May 4, 1942, the Imperial Japanese Army arrived in Coron without facing any resistance as its Acting Mayor Quitin Garraez surrendered immediately. Francisco Reyes was made mayor again and he became responsible for saving many lives during his tenure as a puppet mayor. In July of the same year, the Japanese occupied the mining camps. During the Japanese occupation, Filipinos were subjected to the brutality of the Kempeitai through tortures, plunder, rape and all other kinds of atrocities.<ref name=":0" />

Filipino resistance

During this point, guerrilla activities intensified. On September 2, Captain Bajar with 18 Americans captured and killed 2 Japanese soldiers at Patungan. The Japanese retaliated on the 5th by massacring the people of Patungan. On the 7th, guerrilla forces launched a counterattack under Captain Carlos Amores at Singay Camp. They attacked on the 8th and the 9th where they attacked Japanese launches and massacred their forces. Another encounter occurred on the 29th between the Japanese and Filipino forces under Lt. Jesus Rañada and Lt. Simeon Macolor. By December 1942, guerrilla supplies at Coron were exhausted.<ref name=":0" />

On February 26, 1943, guerrilla forces landed at Sitio Colatang and organized their headquarters at Otoy and Cobata.<ref name=":0" />

On September 24,1944, at around 0900, more than 100 American planes arrived in the skies of Coron and bombed up to 24-80 Japanese ships of different categories. Most of them were sunk at Busuanga.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Liberation

In February 1945, guerrillas from Palawan arrived at Culion and established their headquarters. American planes came and brought food for the lepers and civilian refugees. American P.T. boats went to Coron and subjected the town to bombardments. Lt. Trinidad Vizconde led the attack. It was believed that the Japanese were still at Coron and were waiting for the arrival of the American liberation forces. Many houses were burned as a result of this attack. By March, Coron was liberated from Japanese control. American forces then used an airfield in Malaking Patag. As a result of his wartime merits, Captain Carlos Amores eventually became the mayor of Coron.<ref name=":0" />

Post-war independence

In 1950, the town of Busuanga was created from the barrios of Concepcion, Salvacion, Busuanga, New Busuanga, Buluang, Quezon, Calawit, and Cheey which used to belong to Coron.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1954, the islands of Linapacan, Cabunlaoan, Niangalao, Decabayotot, Calibanbangan, Pical, and Barangonan were separated from Coron to form the town of Linapacan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On June 5, 1998, Coron Island was recognized as an ancestral domain with the issuance of CADC No. 134 to the Tagbanua people.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Geography

The municipality of Busuanga comprises the western part of Busuanga Island, while Coron comprises the eastern part of Busuanga Island, all of Coron Island and about 50 other minor islets stretching as far as Tara Island in the north-east and Canipo Island in the south.<ref name=coron>Template:Cite web</ref> All these islands are part of the Calamian Archipelago in northern Palawan that separates the South China Sea from the Sulu Sea.

Barangays

Coron is politically subdivided into 23 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

• Banuang Daan
• Bintuan
• Borac
• Buenavista
• Bulalacao
• Cabugao
• Decabobo
• Decalachao
• Guadalupe (also called Binalabag)
• Lajala
• Malawig
• Marcilla
• Barangay I (Poblacion)
• Barangay II (Poblacion)
• Barangay III (Poblacion)
• Barangay IV (Poblacion)
• Barangay V (Poblacion)
• Barangay VI (Poblacion)
• San Jose
• San Nicolas
• Tagumpay
• Tara
• Turda

Demographics

In the 2020 census, the population of Coron, Palawan, was 65,855 people,Template:PH wikidata with a density of Template:Convert.

Economy

Fishing boats in Coron.

The main industries of Coron are fishing and tourism.Template:Citation needed Former industries include manganese mining at Singay Mines in Barangay San Nicolas during the Japanese Occupation period. This was followed by the fishing industry boom during the 1970s up to the 1990s which gradually dwindled due to illegal blast and sodium cyanide fishing. The rattan and basket-weaving industry which also gradually declined during the same period due to the ensuing depletion of raw materials.

Currently tourism is the top industry in Coron due to local beaches, dive sites, Lagoons and other natural tourist spots.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A dozen sunken Japanese warships at depths between Template:Convert off Coron Island is a diving destination,<ref name=coron/> listed in Forbes Traveler Magazine’s top 10 best scuba diving sites in the world.Template:Citation needed A description of the diving highlights in 2021 is provided by Dive the World.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The municipality is the commercial capital of the Calamian Islands.

Siete Pecados Marine Park

On April 17, 2024, the Siete Pecados Marine Park, under Jose Mazo, manager, in Coron, as one of 3 marine protected areas, won the Blue Park Award by Marine Conservation Institute at the 9th Our Ocean Conference in Athens for its role in conservation of marine biodiversity. It is part of the Calamian Islands Network in the Philippines, within a short distance from the coast of Coron. Founded in 2005 by the United States Agency for International Development, it is currently an ecotourism landmark.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Government

The main population center of the municipality is composed of Poblacion barangays 1 to 6, where the Municipal Building, the Municipal Legislative Building, and the Judicial Hall of the Municipal Circuit Trial Court are located.

Transportation

The Francisco B. Reyes Airport serves the town. The airport has direct flights such as Manila, Cebu and Angeles

Culture

Town fiesta is held annually on August 28 in honor of Saint Augustine.

Education

There are two schools district offices which govern all educational institutions within the municipality. They oversee the management and operations of all private and public, from primary to secondary schools.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> These are the:

• Coron Coastal Schools District
• Coron Inland Schools District

Primary and elementary schools

• Banuang Daan Elementary School
• Bayang Elementary School
• Bayo Bayo Elementary School
• Benecan Elementary School
• Bintuan Elementary School
• Borac Elementary School
• Buenavista Elementary School
• Buyot Elementary School
• Cabugao Elementary School
• Camanga Elementary School
• Canipo Elementary School
• Capayas Elementary School
• Central Fundamental Baptist Church of Coron Learning Center
• Christ Our Refuge Learning Center
• Claudio Sandoval Elementary School
• Claudio Sandoval South Elementary School
• Decabobo Elementary School
• Decalachao Elementary School
• Diandanao Elementary School
• Dipuyok Elementary School
• Guadalupe Elementary School
• Lajala Elementary School
• Lelebquen Elementary School
• Malawig Elementary School
• Malbato Elementary School
• Marcilla Elementary School
• Maricaban Elementary School
• Napuagan Elementary School
• Saint Augustine Academy
• San Jose Elementary School
• San Nicolas Elementary School
• Sta. Monica Elementary School
• Tagum Elementary School
• Tagumpay Elementary School
• Tara Elementary School
• Tulbuan Elementary School
• Turda Elementary School

Secondary schools

• Bintuan High School
• Borac National High School
• Buenavista National High School
• Bulalacao Integrated School
• Coron School of Fisheries
• Decalachao National High School
• San Nicolas National High School
• Sta. Monica High School
• Tara High School
• Turda National High School

Gallery

• 
  Church in Coron
• 
  Coron Island
• 
  The lagoon going to Kayangan Lake
• 
  Waling Waling Island, Coron, Palawan
• 
  Pitcher plant along the slopes of Mt. Tapyas

External links

• [[[:Template:NSCB detail]] Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
• Local Governance Performance Management System
• Philippine Department of Tourism official site