Croughton, Northamptonshire
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox UK place
Croughton is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England, about Template:Convert southwest of Brackley. The 2011 census recorded the parish's population as 992.<ref>Template:NOMIS2011</ref>
The village is on the B4031 road, about Template:Convert above sea level, on the south side of an east–west ridge. The parish is Template:Convert wide east–west and Template:Convert wide north–south. Its southern boundary is Ockley Brook, which also forms part of the county boundary with Oxfordshire. Ockley Brook is a tributary of the River Cherwell. Croughton is Northamptonshire's second-most southerly village, second only to neighbouring Aynho.
Place-name
No single pronunciation of the place name predominates. Residents pronounce its first syllable to rhyme with "bough" or "though" (i.e., Template:IPAc-en or Template:IPAc-en).Template:Citation needed
The Domesday Book of 1086 records the name as Creveltone and Criweltone. 12th-century versions include Crouelton, followed by Craulton and Crewelton in a pipe roll of 1198, and Croulton in an Assize Roll of 1202. It is derived from Old English. Crawil or krawil may mean "fork". Two streams flow either side of the village, converging just southwest of it and then joining Ockley Brook. Hence, "Croughton" may mean "town in the fork of a river".<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>
Archaeology
About Template:Convert north of the village is the site of a Roman settlement.Template:Sfn It is a scheduled monument.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref>
Parish church
The oldest parts of the Church of England parish church of All Saints are 12th-century Norman. They include the arch of the west tower and the three-bay north arcade. The south arcade, also of three bays, is 13th-century Early English Gothic.
In the 14th century, new windows were inserted, the clerestory was rebuilt, and north and south porches were added. The font was Romanesque but was re-cut in the 14th or 15th century. In the 14th century, a series of murals were painted inside the church, including numerous scenes from the life of Jesus and a Doom painting. The wall paintings were painted over during the Reformation in the 16th century but were rediscovered in 1921 and restored in 1960.Template:Sfn The pulpit is 17th-century. All Saints is a Grade I-listed building.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:NHLE</ref>
The west tower of All Saints has a ring of five bells. All were cast and hung by John Taylor & Co of Loughborough in 1923.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In All Saints' churchyard, southeast of the chancel, are the base and broken shaft of a medieval stone cross.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref> An historic elm reputedly stood in the churchyard for 800 years. It is believed to have died of Dutch elm disease in the 1970s, but its demise was in the early 1900s.Template:Citation needed
RAF Croughton
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} RAF Croughton is partly in the parish, about Template:Convert southeast of the village. It was a Royal Air Force training base and emergency landing field from 1939 until 1950, when it was transferred to the United States Air Force for use as a communications centre.
Amenities
Croughton All Saints Primary School is on the High Street of the village.<ref>Croughton All Saints CofE Primary School</ref>
The village has a pub, the Blackbird.
Notable people
- Robert Freind (1667–1751), sometime headmaster of Westminster SchoolTemplate:Sfn
- Charles Masson (1800–1853), explorer and archaeologist