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Cuautla ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}, meaning "where the eagles roam"), officially La heroica e histórica Cuautla, Morelos (The Heroic and Historic Cuautla, Morelos) or H. H. Cuautla, Morelos, is a city and municipality in the Mexican state of Morelos, about 104 kilometers south of Mexico City. In the 2010 census the city population was 154,358.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}}</ref> The municipality covers Template:Cvt. Cuautla is the third most populous city in the state, after Cuernavaca and Jiutepec. The city was founded on April 4, 1829.<ref name="inafed">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}}</ref> The 2020 population figures were 187,118 inhabitants for the municipality and 157,336 inhabitants for the city of Cuatula.<ref name="censo2020"/>
The Olmec group who lived in Chalcatzingo (southeast of Cuautla) founded settlements in Cuautla, Tepalcingo, Jonacatepec (Las Pilas), Olintepec, Atlihuayan, Huaxtepec, Gualupita de Cuernavaca, Tlayacapan, etc. (Piña Chan y Plancarte).
Five years after the conquest of Cuahunahuác (Cuernavaca) in (1379 CE),<ref name="gob">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}}</ref> Moctezuma Ilhuicamina conquered Huaxtepec (Oaxtepec), Yautepec, Tlayacapan and other towns of Morelos and Guerrero. With Huaxtepec, which was the prehispanic and colonial capital of the peoples of the Plan de Amilpas, its 25-human settlements including Cuauhtlán, had to pay a tribute of 400 cotton blankets, 400 two-color valances, 400 bedspreads, 800 thin cotton blankets, 400 pairs of shorts (patees), 200 women's shirts, and 1,200 veils (mantillas) every 80 days. In addition, they were required to contribute labor.
Spanish conquest and colonial period
The Plan de Amilpas including Cuautla was conquered by Captain Gonzalo de Sandoval on March 14, 1521. In 1543 New Spain was organized into four provinces: Michoacán, México, Coatzacoalcos, and Las Mixtecas; the present territory of Morelos was part of the Mexico province.<ref name="gob" />
The church and monastery of San Diego were built between 1560 and 1580. The church is relatively small and austere, although there is a beautiful cupola on the south side. The façade of the church is made of pink granite with well-defined bases, columns, and cornices. The small, two-level belltower is square and simple. The monetary is high and formal; it may have been built after the church. The church is unique in that it faces the east, there is no real atrium, and there are neither capillas posas nor an open chapel.<ref name=convent>Template:Cite book</ref> Construction of the church of Santo Domingo also began in the middle of the 16th century, but there is little information on it.<ref name=convent />
After the conquest, Indigenous lands were confiscated, mostly for sugar cane plantations and mills (trapiches). Despite Indigenous protests, Viceroy Gaspar de Zúñiga ruled in favor of the colonists on July 5, 1603. In 1646 the province of México became the Real Audiencia; Cuautla became an alcaldia (mayoralty) belonging to the Intendencia of Puebla.<ref name="gob" />
Cuautla was designated a Heroic City (Heroica Ciudad de Morelos) on April 4, 1829, while Felipe B. Montero was Presidente Municipal (mayor).<ref name="inafed" />
An 1865 photograph shows the construction of the second floor of the Palacio Municipal (city hall) in 1865. The building was burned during the Revolution.<ref name="HHHCuautla">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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The railroad station was opened on June 18, 1881, next to the Convento de San Diego.<ref name="HHHCuautla"/> Tourist trains continue to operate along the line.<ref name="tren">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Revolution & 20th century
As a young man, Emiliano Zapata was concerned about land seizures in Anenecuilco, his hometown. In May 1911 he answered Francisco I. Madero's call to arms against President Porfirio Díaz. After minor battles in Chietla, Izúcar, MetepecAtlixco, Yautepec, and Jonacatepec, he arrived at Cuautla on May 11, 1911. With 4,000 or 5,000 troops he surrounded the city, and the week-long Battle of Cuautla (1911) began. The battle was a major turning point in the Mexican Revolution, as Porfirio Díaz said the battle convinced him to sign the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez and resign.<ref name=zap />
Nearly seven years later, in April 1919, Colonel Jesus Guajardo assassinated Zapata, apparently under orders of President Venustiano Carranza in Hacienda Chinameca, Ayala. His body was placed on a mule and left on the street before he was brought to Cuautla for burial.<ref name=zap>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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The city hall was burned during the Battle of Cuautla in 1911; the bell Nuestra Señora de Dolores was transferred from the Church of Guadalupita on February 19, 2017 when the city hall was restored.<ref name="inafed" />
Six people, including an 11-year-old child, were killed in the September 17, 2017 Puebla earthquake.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Jesus Corona Damian of Juntos Haremos Historia (Together we will make history coalition) was elected Presidente Municipal (mayor) in the election of July 1, 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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As of May 4, 2020, there were 505 infections and 59 deaths in the state of Morelos and 62 confirmed infections from the COVID-19 pandemic in Cuautla.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}}Template:Dead link</ref> Schools and many businesses were closed from mid March until June 1.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}}</ref> On June 2, Cuautla reported 224 confirmed cases and 34 deaths from the virus; the reopening of the state was pushed back until at least June 13.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}}</ref> Cuautla reported an increase of 137 new cases from January 12 to 14, 2021, making 1,602 cases in all, second highest in the state.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On March 8 Cuautla became the third municipality in Morelos to vaccinate senior citizens (60+).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Irving Eduardo Solano Vera ("El Profe"), said to be the leader of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), was arrested in Colonia Santa Rosa on February 18, 2021.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Notable people
Siege of Cuautla
Leonardo Bravo (1764-1812) was in charge of the 2nd sector (Santiago) of the city. Bravo broke out of the city on March 10, 1812, but was later captured and executed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Nicolás Bravo (1776–1854), president of Mexico three times between 1839 and 1846.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
Narciso Mendoza (1800-1888): Born in Cuautla, Mendoza belonged to the children's company Compañía de Emulantes (Company of Emulators) organized by Juan Nepomuceno Almonte. Mendoza stopped a royalist offensive by firing a cannon and is known as El Niño Artillero (The Gunner Boy).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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José María Teclo Morelos Pérez y Pavón (1765-1815): Hero of the Siege of Cuautla (February 19 – May 2, 1812); the state is named for him.<ref name="inafed" />
Other
José Agustín (b. 1944) is a Mexican writer who lives in Cuautla.
Felipe B. Montero, president when Cuautla was granted the title ″Heroic City″ in 1829<ref name="inafed" /> and chronicler of the siege<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Jair Pereira Rodríguez (b. 1986 in Cuautla) is a Mexican football defender who plays for Liga MX C.D. Guadalajara.
Cuautla is distinguished by its huarachería (leather sandals).
Tetelcingo is known for the elaboration of wire birdcages, bread boxes, and lace napkins. Women in Tetelcingo wear traditional Indigenous dress, consisting of a navy blue huipil (skirt) and a chincuete that is girded at the waist with a belt loom weaved by them. There are several workshops that are dedicated to saddlery, the manufacture of huaraches, belts, saddles, and all the necessary equipment for riding.
Motivos sobre el agua, (Motifs on water) is a fresco painted by Olga Costa and José Chávez Morado, hidden inside the Agua Hedionda Spa. There is a group of plump mermaids playing musical instruments at the bottom of the sea. One carries the zither, another the cello, and one a type of shell or tambourine. They are surrounded by fish, shells, corals, and starfish. It was made in 1952.<ref name="HHHCuautla" />
Dance
Las Tetelcingas is a traditional dance dance from the indigenous town of Tetelcingo.<ref name="HHHCuautla"/>
Typical dress: the authentic suit is that of Tetelcinga, which consists of a huipil (tunic) and a tangle of thick dark blue cloth, tied at the waist with wide folds by means of a blue and red sash, a blue skirt, sandals, with a headband made of flowers. The women's hair is worn long, either loose or braided.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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}}</ref> Eliseo Aragón said that half a century ago some women used to color their hair blue, red, or green, in the Olmec style. It is also said that drinking cups were used on the head as an ornament.Template:Citation needed The men's costume consists of white cotton pants tied with a red sash, a long-sleeved cotton shirt, a straw sombrero (hat), a bandana, and sandals; however, there are photographs in which the natives of Tetelcingo wear a kind of jorongo (sleeveless poncho) and short leather pants.Template:Citation needed
Economy
Among the most important activities in Cuautla you will find:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Agriculture (corn, beans)
Livestock (beef, pork)
Nursery (production of ornamental plants and fruit trees)
Aquaculture (production of aquatic species such as mojarras, prawns, and catfish)
Agroindustry (sugar cane)
General Commerce (financial, administrative and real estate services, premises such as stationery, grocery, food, beverages, etc.)
Services (hotel, restaurant, professional, technical, and personal)
Tourism (natural areas, lodging, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, water parks, spas, and springs.)
Construction.
Manufacturing.
The Cuautla Industrial Park, located in Ayala, covers Template:Convert and is the second largest in Morelos. Most of the companies are related to the automotive industry. The largest employers are Saint-Gobainl, (glass), Sekurit (windshields), and Temic (industrial parts).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Local buses or combis serve Cuautla and nearby municipalities. Taxis and ride sharing are available.
Cuautla has several bus terminals for long-distance travel:
Estrella Roja (TER) (Cuernavaca, Mexico City, Airport, Puebla)
Pullman de Morelos (Mexico City, Airport, destinations in most parts state of Morelos)
Omnibus Cristóbal Colón (OCC) Company based in Cuautla, with service to Taxqueña and Central Norte bus terminals in Mexico City, Oaxaca City, and Veracruz (city).
Oro (mostly points east: state of Puebla, plus Cuernavaca and eastern Morelos, parts of Oaxaca, Tlaxcala City, and Guerrero)
Trains
There is no regularly scheduled train service. A tourist train, a remnant of the Interoceanic Railway of Mexico, runs occasionally.
19 de Febrero de 1812 has 1,149 inhabitants, 3 de Mayo has 1,078, and Calderón has 1,050.<ref name="censo2020" />
Other communities have fewer than 1,000 inhabitants.
Education
As of 2014–2015, there are 24 daycare centers with 508 children, 110 preschools with 533 teachers and 7,545 pupils, 101 elementary schools (grades 1–6) with 1,225 teachers and 22,754 pupils, and 42 middle schools (grades 7–9) with 641 teachers and 11,354 pupils<ref name="diagnostico" />
Attractions
The area is a tourist-friendly region with abundant hot springs and health spas/resorts. It features many archeological sites such as Chalcatzingo and Indigenous communities such as the Tepoztlán and Tetelcingo among others.
Agua Hedionda (Template:Langx), classified as one of the important water springs of the world due to its chemical composition, is located in Cuautla. These waters have a characteristic smell reminiscent of rotten eggs because of their sulfur content. The water is Template:Convert, there is a spring, two swimming pools, and a water slide. The mural Motivos sobre el agua is located in the spa. which was used by Olmecas, Teotihuacanos, Chalcas, Tlahuicas, and Aztecas.Agua Hedionda website
Balneario Los Limones has a spring, swimming pools, wading pool, playground, water slide, picnic area with grills, camping area, fronton court, and a basketball court.<ref>https://www.balneariosenmorelos.com.mx/index.php?q=los_limones (Dec 18, 2018)</ref>
Ejidal spa Cups is located in Las Tazas, Cuautlixco.
The Morelos Museum adjoins the old narrow-gauge railroad which was used to haul sugar cane to the local mills. The Tren Escénico<ref name="tren"/> is a Template:RailGaugenarrow gauge<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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The tomb of the famous Mexican revolutionary hero Emiliano Zapata is also located in this city, and every year several festivities are held around the anniversary of his death.
The Teatro Narciso Mendoza is named for the legendary Niño Artillero. This building was inaugurated on January 6, 1952. Today it is a cultural center. There is a Template:Convert long mural that tells the history of Cuautla, created by the painter Arturo Estrada, but censored by the religious authority of that time, and covered with white paint.<ref>https://www.mexicoescultura.com/recinto/53757/ (Dec 18, 2018)</ref>File:Popocatepetl cuautla.jpgPopocatépetl. Cuautla's river panoramic view (south-northeast), Cuautla, Morelos
Architecture
The vast majority of buildings in Cuautla are made of brick or cinder blocks, framed by reinforced concreteposts which in turn support reinforced concrete beams, reinforced concrete floors and roofs. Also, many homes in this city, are made with only cinder blocks, cement, and a tin roof. Many of these homes also lack electricity and running water. Nearly all homes have a "tinaco",<ref>"tinaco"</ref> which is a large plastic water tank on the roof as well as a concrete cisterna below ground. Both are refilled regularly at the same time by the city. When necessary the water is pumped from the cisterna to the Tinaco. These Template:Convert<ref>different sizes</ref> water tanks let water out into pipes which have valves that are opened as needed to wash clothes and dishes or to bathe or flush the toilet. A single valve is located at the tinacoto be closed if necessary.
Geography
Location
Cuautla is located in the eastern Morelos, with the geographic coordinates 18°49'N and 99°01'E and an altitude of 1,294 meters (4,245 feet) above sea level.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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The city is quite warm year-round.
In the winter, there is a slight decrease in both the daytime and nighttime temperatures, and because of Cuautla's relative proximity south of the Tropic of Cancer and its altitude (about Template:Convert above sea level), the nighttime temperatures year-round usually average about Template:Cvt. On the other hand, because Cuautla is somewhat close to the Equator, temperatures year-round tend to reach into the mid-80s to lower 90s°F (upper 20s°C to the lower 30s°C) even during the winter, and in spring on many days the daytime temperatures may reach well into the upper 90s°F (lower 30s°C).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Template:Weather box
2005 Census population data statistics INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (National Institute of Statistics, Geography, and Information)
Morelos Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México (Encyclopedia of Mexican Municipalities)
