Cuyahoga River
Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox river The Cuyahoga River<ref>United States Geological Survey Hydrological Unit Code: 04-11-00-02</ref> (see Template:Section link) is a river located in Northeast Ohio that bisects the City of Cleveland and feeds into Lake Erie.
As Cleveland emerged as a major manufacturing center, the river became heavily affected by industrial pollution, so much so that it caught fire at least 14 times. When it did so on June 22, 1969, news coverage of the event helped to spur the American environmental movement.<ref name="Transcript">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Article">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> For many Americans, the Cuyahoga's burning helped connect urban decay with the environmental crisis at the time in many American cities.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref> Since then, the river has been extensively cleaned up through the efforts of Cleveland's city government and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2019, the American Rivers conservation association named the Cuyahoga "River of the Year" in honor of "50 years of environmental resurgence".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2025, the river between the Gorge Dam and the mouth was designated a National Water Trail, a type of National Recreation Trail.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Etymology
The name Cuyahoga is believed to mean "crooked river" from the Mohawk name Template:Langx, although the Mohawk were never in the region alongside European settlers, so this explanation is questionable. Some think that it comes from the Seneca word for "jawbone".<ref name=cwru>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This explanation, however, is as uncertain as the Mohawk explanation. A close match in the Seneca language is Template:Langx, meaning "on your chin"; the river's crooked form does vaguely resemble an animal's jawbone. It is possible that Europeans once wished to call it that, but the name "Cuyahoga" ended up becoming more prevalent and folk etymology took over, creating an accidental link between the two names that did not actually exist.<ref>English–Seneca Dictionary by Chafe, Wallace p. 30, under chin, jaw</ref>
Early maps from the era of French control of the region, when the Wyandot were the only tribe there, mark the river as "Cuyahoga", although the Wyandot name for the river is Template:Langx.
Pronunciation
The correct pronunciation of "Cuyahoga" is disputed; it may be pronounced Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell or Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell.<ref name=cpd2>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=cpd1>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Course
The Cuyahoga watershed begins its Template:Convert journey in Hambden, Ohio, flowing southward to the confluence of the East Branch Cuyahoga River and West Branch Cuyahoga River in Burton, where the Cuyahoga River officially begins.<ref name="GNIS-CR" /> It continues on its Template:Convert journey flowing southward to Akron and Cuyahoga Falls, where it turns sharply north and flows through the Cuyahoga Valley National Park in northern Summit County and southern Cuyahoga County. It then flows through Independence, Valley View, Cuyahoga Heights, Newburgh Heights and Cleveland to its northern terminus, emptying into Lake Erie. The Cuyahoga River and its tributaries drain Template:Convert of land in portions of six counties.
The river is a relatively recent geologic formation, formed by the advance and retreat of ice sheets during the last ice age. The final glacial retreat, which occurred 10,000–12,000 years ago, caused changes in the drainage pattern near Akron.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This change in pattern caused the originally south-flowing Cuyahoga to flow to the north. As its newly reversed currents flowed toward Lake Erie, the river carved its way around glacial debris left by the receding ice sheet, resulting in the river's winding U-shape. These meanderings stretched the length of the river (which was only 30 miles (50 km) when traveled directly) into a 100-mile (160 km) trek from its headwaters to its mouth. The depth of the river (except where noted below) ranges from Template:Convert.
History
The river was one of the features along which the "Greenville Treaty Line" ran beginning in 1795, per the Treaty of Greenville that ended the Northwest Indian War in the Ohio Country, effectively becoming the western boundary of the United States and remaining so briefly. On July 22, 1796, Moses Cleaveland, a surveyor charged with exploring the Connecticut Western Reserve, arrived at the mouth of the Cuyahoga and subsequently located a settlement there, which became the city of Cleveland.
Native Americans
It appears that, in more ancient times, the river was inhabited by some branch of Mound Building culture related to the Hopewell during the Woodland Period.<ref name=":2" /> This region included the Ohio Hopewell complex, living along the upper portion of the Cuyahoga River, and the adjacent Couture Complex on the west bank of the river and along the coast of Lake Erie; very little is known about the latter.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The only mound formally excavated was Towner's Mound outside of Kent,<ref>portagecounty-oh.gov</ref> which appears identical in construction to two other mounds excavated in North Benton, OH and Warren, PA that are related to the New York Hopewell offshoot. The Iroquois say that, when the Erie first moved into western Pennsylvania, they pushed out a mound building people, which may show a continuity of such people for a few hundred years after the Hopewell Culture collapsed. Many other suspected mounds are also known and several other suspected mounds have been destroyed by industry since the 1790s. The Hopewell Culture began to decline as early as the fourth century A.D. After an intermediate period, it was replaced by the Mississippian era Fort Ancient Culture in Ohio, whose extreme northeast included the upper Cuyahoga River.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite journal</ref>
When the French first began exploring and mapping the Great Lakes region in the 17th century, it comes across that the entire area of northern Ohio belonged to the Erie, but archaeology has since shown that the French, who only saw abandoned villages on the lake shore and never met any of the inhabitants, were mistaken. The entire Cuyahoga River Valley and last west of it actually belonged to a presumably Algonquian people never encountered by whites which we call the Whittlesey culture.<ref>"Whittlesey Culture – Ohio History Central". ohiohistorycentral.org. Retrieved January 29, 2020</ref> They were destroyed during the Beaver Wars (1630–1701). Afterwards, the Iroquois stationed a group of captured Hurons in this areas, who later broke free after the French aided several Native groups from the Mississippi River in pushing the Iroquois all the way back to what is now Pittsburg, and established themselves as their own tribe- the Wyandot.
The Wyandot chose to set aside the entire region from the Cuyahoga River to the PA border and the Mahoning River to Lake Erie as a communal hunting ground, to be enjoyed by all tribes in the region, causing it to be regularly frequented by themselves, the Lenape, Shawnee and Seneca. The Ottawa, who lived clear at the western end of Lake Erie and who, themselves, had formed out of a similar circumstance to the Wyandot- captured Anishinaabeg stationed in the vicinity of what is now Detroit by the Iroquois- were apparently allowed to establish communities in the area, given the tribe's distance from it, with one noted in what is now Conneaut and several others noted along the Cuyahoga. But, it is historically established that not all the villages along the Cuyahoga at this time were Ottawa, with a Seneca community noted around Streetsboro under a chief named Big John and possibly some Wyandots nearby.
During the Northwest Indian War (1785–1795), all the tribes in Ohio were ordered to give up most of Ohio for settlement, leading to a mass military revolt of all tribes in the Great Lakes region under a war chief named Little Turtle, with most of the fighting occurring along the Ohio-Indiana border. At this time, some Moravian missionaries who had been looking to establish a mission amongst the Ottawa were warned away due to the conflict, so they appear to have chosen to settle amongst the Ottawa in northeast Ohio at a site called Pilgeruh, but mistakenly noted all the villages in the area were Ottawa. After the war, the military ordered the Natives to evict the region, but most of them stayed during the early decades of settlement, with the last of the local natives concentrating in the Cuyahoga River Valley before leaving between 1811 and 1813. While there is a chance some may have gone to southern Ohio and joined Tecumseh's brother's pan-Indian cult at his Prophetstown compound, as the New Madrid Earthquake of 1811 was interpreted as a sign in his favor by many tribes across the eastern US, it appears the last of them in 1813 were leaving to migrate west, into the Great Black Swamp region – the last of Ohio's guaranteed Indian Territory – to live amongst the bulk of the Ottawa and Wyandot who were settled there.<ref>History of Trumbull and Mahoning Counties (1882); Williams, H.Z.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>R. David Edmunds (1985). The Shawnee Prophet. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 29. Template:ISBN.</ref><ref>"Indian Wars Campaigns". U.S. Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 27 November 2019.</ref>
Environmental cleanup
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The Cuyahoga River, at times during the 20th century, was one of the most polluted rivers in the United States. The reach from Akron to Cleveland was devoid of fish. A 1968 Kent State University symposium described one section of the river:
At least 13 fires have been reported on the Cuyahoga River, the first occurring in 1868.<ref name="Transcript"/><ref name=adler>Template:Cite journal</ref> The largest river fire, in 1952, caused over $1 million in damage<ref name="Transcript"/> to boats, a bridge, and a riverfront office building.<ref name="EPA-AOC-CR">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Things began to change in the late 1960s, when new mayor Carl Stokes and his utilities director rallied voters to approve a $100 million bond to rehabilitate Cleveland's rivers.<ref name="Urycki2019AM">Template:Cite news</ref> Then, the mayor seized the opportunity of a June 22, 1969 river fire triggered by a spark from a passing rail car igniting an oil slick to bring reporters to the river to raise attention to the issue.<ref name="Urycki2019AM"/> The 1969 fire caused approximately $50,000 in damage, mostly to an adjacent railroad bridge,<ref name=adler/> but despite Mayor Stokes' efforts, very little attention was initially given to the incident, and it was not considered a major news story in the Cleveland media.<ref name=adler/> Furthermore, what little was initially written about the incident did not emphasize the fire itself, but rather the damage to the railroad bridge.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
However, the incident did soon garner the attention of Time magazine, which used a dramatic photo of the even larger 1952 blaze<ref name="Urycki2019AM"/> in an article on the pollution of America's waterways. The article described the Cuyahoga as the river that "oozes rather than flows" and in which a person "does not drown but decays"<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and listed other badly-polluted rivers across the nation.<ref name="Urycki2019AM"/> (No pictures of the 1969 fire are known to exist, as local media did not arrive on the scene until after the fire was under control.<ref name=adler/>) The article launched Time's new "Environment" section, and gained wide readership not only on its own merit, but because the same issue featured coverage of astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landing on the Moon the previous week in the Apollo 11 mission, and had Senator Ted Kennedy on the cover for a story on the Chappaquiddick incident in which Kennedy's automobile passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne, had drowned.<ref name="Urycki2019AM"/>
In 1969 the Cuyahoga River fire, along with the Santa Barbara oil spill earlier that year, helped spur an avalanche of water pollution control activities, resulting in amendments extending the Clean Water Act, Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, and the creation of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA).<ref name=":1">Template:Cite journal</ref> The Act followed some strict goals: eliminating discharge of all pollutants into navigable waters by 1985, making all water safe for fishing and swimming by 1983, and prohibiting all discharge of toxic amounts of toxic pollutants. The Clean Water Act avoided all agricultural pollution, one of the worst surface water quality problems at the time.<ref name=":1" />Mayor Stokes gave Congressional testimony on his and other major big cities' struggles with polluting industries to restore the environmental health of their communities.<ref name="Urycki2019AM"/> As a result, large point sources of pollution on the Cuyahoga have received significant attention from the OEPA in subsequent decades. These events are referred to in Randy Newman's 1972 song "Burn On", R.E.M.'s 1986 song "Cuyahoga", and Adam Again's 1992 song "River on Fire". Great Lakes Brewing Company of Cleveland named its Burning River Pale Ale after the event. The Cuyahoga River fire also negatively impacted the greater American public view on highly industrialized areas; not only were personal connections to these places decreased in the past decades, but industrialized areas were now seen in connected to incidents like the Cuyahoga River fire.<ref name=":0" /> In December 1970 a federal grand jury investigation led by U.S. Attorney Robert Jones began, of water pollution allegedly being caused by about 12 companies in northeastern Ohio; it was the first grand jury investigation of water pollution in the area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Attorney General of the United States, John N. Mitchell, gave a Press Conference December 18, 1970 referencing new pollution control litigation, with particular reference to work with the new Environmental Protection Agency, and announcing the filing of a lawsuit that morning against the Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation for discharging substantial quantities of cyanide into the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> U.S. Attorney Jones filed the misdemeanor charges in District Court, alleging violations of the 1899 Rivers and Harbors Act.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There were multiple other suits filed by U.S. Attorney Jones.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Water quality has improved and, partially in recognition of this improvement, the Cuyahoga was designated one of 14 American Heritage Rivers in 1998.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Despite these efforts, pollution continues to exist in the Cuyahoga River due to other sources of pollution, including urban runoff, nonpoint source problems, combined sewer overflows,<ref>United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cuyahoga River Area of Concern, June 20, 2007. Retrieved June 20, 2007.</ref> and stagnation due to water impounded by dams. For this reason, the Environmental Protection Agency classified portions of the Cuyahoga River watershed as one of 43 Great Lakes Areas of Concern. The most polluted portions of the river nowTemplate:When generally meet established aquatic life water quality standards except near dam impoundments. The reasons for not meeting standards near the dam pools are habitat and fish passage issues rather than water quality. River reaches that were once devoid of fish now support 44 species. A survey in 2008Template:Update inline revealed the two most common species in the river were hogsuckers and spotfin shiners, both moderately sensitive to water quality. Habitat issues within the Template:Convert navigation channel still preclude a robust fishery in that reach. Recreation water quality standards (using bacteria as indicators) are generally met during dry weather conditions, but are often exceeded during significant rains due to nonpoint sources and combined sewer overflows. In March 2019 the OEPA declared fish caught in the river safe to eat.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Consequently, in 2024 the first ever steelhead trout stocking in the river occurred.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Modifications
The lower Cuyahoga River, just west of present-day downtown Cleveland, has been subjected to numerous changes. Originally, the Cuyahoga river met Lake Erie approximately Template:Convert west of its current mouth, forming a shallow marsh. The current mouth is human-made, created in 1827,<ref name=cwru/> and allows shipping traffic to flow freely between the river and the lake. Additionally, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers periodically dredges the navigation channel of the otherwise shallow river to a depth of Template:Convert, along the river's lower Template:Convert, from its mouth up to the Mittal Steel Cleveland Works steel mills, to accommodate Great Lakes freighter traffic which serves the bulk (asphalt, gravel, petroleum, salt, steel, and other) industries located along the lower Cuyahoga River banks in Cleveland's Flats district. The Corps of Engineers has also straightened river banks and widened turning basins in the federal navigation channel on the lower Cuyahoga River to facilitate maritime operations.
Ice-breaking
The United States Coast Guard sometimes conducts fall and spring ice-breaking operations along Lake Erie and the lower Cuyahoga River to prolong the Great Lakes shipping season, depending on shipping schedules and weather conditions.
Flooding
Some attempts (including dams and dredging) have been made to control flooding along the Cuyahoga River basin. As a result of speculative land development, buildings have been erected on many flat areas that are only a few feet above normal river levels. Sudden strong rain or snow storms can create severe flooding in these low-lying areas.
The upper Cuyahoga River, starting at Template:Convert over Template:Convert from its mouth, drops in elevation fairly steeply, creating falls and rapids in some places; the lower Cuyahoga River only drops several feet along the last several miles of the lower river to Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-CR" /> at the mouth on Lake Erie, resulting in relatively slow-moving waters that can take a while to drain compared to the upper Cuyahoga.
Some tributary elevations above are higher than the Cuyahoga River elevation, because of small waterfalls at or near their confluences; and distances are measured in "river miles" along the river's length from its mouth on Lake Erie.
Accidents
On August 25, 2020, a Holland Oil and Gas fuel tanker crashed on Route 8 near Akron and Cuyahoga Falls, killing one individual and causing a fire that leaked fuel into the southern section of the river.<ref name="wjw">Template:Cite news</ref> The fire was extinguished by the Akron Fire Department and the river section and surrounding area were promptly cleaned up.<ref name="wjw"/> The fatal road crash marked the first and only river fire incident on the Cuyahoga since June 1969.<ref name="2020-incident">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, as scholar Anne Jefferson notes:
Wildlife
There are many mussel species found in the Cuyahoga River. One of these, the white heelsplitter (Lasmigonna complana) is not found in Lake Erie, unlike many other species of mussel, perhaps having been introduced through canals connecting the water systems around Lake Erie.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The elktoe mussel (Alasmidonta marginata), an endangered species, is also found here, despite being threatened by the zebra mussel.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The crayfish species Cambarus propinquus sanborni is also found in the Cuyahoga River system, as well as some of its oxbow lakes.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
In 2021 the National Park Service, partnering with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, introduced various endangered mussel species and lake sturgeons into the Cuyahoga River in an effort to support their numbers, thus demonstrating considerable improvement with pollution levels.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Due to successful reintroduction measures and a lack of natural predators, there is a sizable white-tailed deer population at Cuyahoga Valley National Park.<ref name=":03">Template:Cite journal</ref> Due to conservation concerns, this deer population is regulated by the National Park Service in addition to local agencies.<ref name=":03" /> According to the National Park Service, other mammal species around the Cuyahoga River include coyote, gray fox, red fox, rodents (especially mice, squirrels, and chipmunks), shrews, moles, and numerous bat species.<ref name=":12">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Semi-aquatic mammals include otter, mink, beaver, and muskrat.<ref name=":12" />
The National Park Service states that a number of plant species around the Cuyahoga River are invasive, their presence due to human interaction with the local environment.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Dams
Former Ohio and Erie Canal diversion dam
The Brecksville DamTemplate:Efn at river mile 20 was the first dam upstream of Lake Erie. It affected fish populations by restricting their passage.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The dam was removed in 2020.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam
The largest dam is the Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam, also known as the FirstEnergy Dam, on the border between Cuyahoga Falls and Akron. This Template:Convert dam has for over 90 years submerged the falls for which the city of Cuyahoga Falls was named; more to the point of water quality, it has created a large stagnant pool with low dissolved oxygen.<ref>Ohio EPA, Biological and Water Quality Study of the Cuyahoga River and Selected Tributaries Template:Webarchive, August 15, 1999. Retrieved June 20, 2007.</ref>
On April 9, 2019, officials from the U.S. EPA and Ohio EPA announced a plan to remove the Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam by 2023 at a cost of $65 to $70 million. Funding for the project was authorized through the Great Lakes Legacy Act with funds coming from the city of Akron and members of the Gorge Dam Stakeholder Committee, including Summit Metro Parks, FirstEnergy, and the city of Cuyahoga Falls.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Funding for the project was secured in October 2023, and the decision was made to move forward with the removal project.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Template:As of, removal of the dam is expected to take place in 2026.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The FirstEnergy Dam was built by the Northern Ohio Traction and Light Co. in 1912 to serve the dual functions of generating hydropower for its local streetcar system and providing cooling-water storage for a coal-burning power plant; however, the hydropower operation was discontinued in 1958, and the coal-burning plant was decommissioned in 1991.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some environmental groups and recreational groups want the dam removed.<ref>Kent Environmental Council, Newsletter June 2005 Template:Webarchive. Retrieved June 21, 2007.</ref> Others contend that such an effort would be expensive and complicated, for at least two reasons: first, the formerly hollow dam was filled in with concrete in the early 1990s, and second, because of the industrial history of Cuyahoga Falls, the sediment upstream of the dam is expected to contain hazardous chemicals, possibly including heavy metals and PCBs. The Ohio EPA estimated removal of the dam would cost $5–10 million, and removal of the contaminated sediments, a further $60 million.<ref name="BJ050728">Template:Cite news</ref> The dam is licensed through 2041.
Dams in Cuyahoga Falls
In late 2012, two dams in Cuyahoga Falls, the Sheraton and LeFever Dams, were scheduled for demolition,<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref> as the result of an agreement between the city of Cuyahoga Falls, which owns the dams, and the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District, which will provide $1 million of funding to remove the dams. On December 12, 2012, the ACOE issued a permit, allowing the demolition to proceed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As part of the project, a water trail was developed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In early June 2013, dam removal began, and ended on August 20, 2013.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This brought about a mile of the river back to its natural state, removed Template:Convert of structures, and exposed an equivalent quantity of whitewater for recreation. In 2019, attempts by the city to address increased erosion as a result of the removal of these and other area dams were publicized.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Munroe Falls Dam
Two other dams, in Kent and in Munroe Falls, though smaller, have had an even greater impact on water quality due to the lower gradient in their respective reaches. For this reason, the Ohio EPA required the communities to mitigate the effects of the dams.
The Munroe Falls Dam was modified in 2005.<ref>Summit County, Ohio, Munroe Falls Dam Template:Webarchive. Retrieved June 20, 2007.</ref> Work on this project uncovered a natural waterfall.<ref>NewsNet5, Crews Unearth Natural Waterfall Template:Webarchive, September 13, 2005. Retrieved June 20, 2007.</ref> Given this new knowledge about the riverbed, some interested parties, including Summit County, campaigned for complete removal of the dam. The revised plan, initially denied on September 20, 2005, was approved by the Munroe Falls City Council a week later. The Template:Convert sandstone dam has since been removed, and in its place now is a natural ledge with a Template:Convert drop at its greatest point.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>AP / Cleveland Plain Dealer. Dam removal to return Cuyahoga to natural, free-flowing stateTemplate:Dead link. Posted September 29, 2005; retrieved October 6, 2005.</ref>
Kent Dam
The Kent Dam was bypassed in 2004 and was the first dam modification project in the state of Ohio that was made solely for water quality issues. The modification resulted in the river fully attaining the designated Ohio water quality standards.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>City of Kent, Ohio, Cuyahoga River Restoration Project FINAL SUMMARY Template:Webarchive. Retrieved June 20, 2007.</ref>
Lists
Variant names
According to the United States Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, the Cuyahoga River has also been known as:<ref name="GNIS-CR" /> Template:Div col
- Cajahage River
- Cayagaga River
- Cayahoga River
- Cayhahoga River
- Cayohoga River
- Cujahaga River
- Cuyohaga River
- Gichawaga Creek
- Goyahague River
- Gwahago River
- River de Saguin
- Rivière Blanche
- Rivière à Seguin
- Saguin River
- Yashahia
- Cayahaga River
- Cayanhoga River
- Cayhoga River
- Coyahoga River
- Cuahoga River
- Guyahoga River
- Gwahoga River
- Kiahagoh River
The name "White River" has also been applied.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Dams
| RM Template:Efn<ref name="EPA-WQS-CR">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Coordinates | Elevation | Locality | County | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Template:Coord<ref>Ohio and Erie Canal diversion dam manually plotted in Google.</ref> | Ohio and Erie Canal diversion dam, built 1825–1827 upstream from File:OH-82.svg SR 82 Chippewa Road-West Aurora Road bridge, downstream from Station Road-Bridle Trail bridge | |||
| 45.8 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-GMPD">Template:Cite gnis manually adjusted in Google</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-GMPD" /> | Summit | Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam, built in 1912, upstream from File:OH-8.svg SR 8 North Main Street-State Road bridge, downstream from File:OH-59.svg SR 59 Front Street bridge | ||
| citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-CFLHD">Template:Cite gnis manually adjusted in Google</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-CFLHD" /> | Cuyahoga Falls | Summit | Cuyahoga Falls Low Head Dam, upstream from Portage Trail bridge, downstream from File:OH-8.svg File:OH-59.svg SR 8/SR 59 bridge |
| 54.8 <ref name="OH-EPA-MCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref>Kent dam manually plotted from Google Maps</ref> | Kent | Portage | Kent dam, upstream from File:OH-59.svg File:OH-43.svg SR 59/SR 43 Haymaker Parkway bridge, immediately downstream from West Main Street bridge | ||
| 57.97 <ref name="OH-EPA-UCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-LRD">Template:Cite gnis manually adjusted in Google</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-LRD" /> | Franklin Township | Portage | Lake Rockwell Dam, upstream from Ravenna Road bridge, downstream from File:OH-14.svg SR 14 Cleveland-East Liverpool Road bridge |
Tributaries
Generally, rivers are larger than creeks, which are larger than brooks, which are larger than runs. Runs may be dry except during or after a rain, at which point they can flash flood and be torrential.
Default is standard order from mouth to upstream:Template:Efn
| RM Template:Efn<ref name="EPA-WQS-CR" /> |
Coordinates | Elevation | Tributary | Municipality | County | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-OR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-OR" /> | Old River (Cuyahoga River) | Cleveland | Cuyahoga | near Division Avenue/River Road | |
| 4.46 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-KR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-KR" /> | Kingsbury Run (Cuyahoga River) | Cuyahoga | near Independence Road and Rockefeller Avenue | |
| 5.05 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-MR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-MR" /> | Morgan Run (Cuyahoga River) | Cuyahoga | near Independence Road and Pershing Avenue | |
| 5.29–5.4 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-BB">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-BB" /> | Burk Branch (Cuyahoga River) | Cuyahoga | near CW steel mill | |
| 7.2 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-Big">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-Big" /> | Big Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Cuyahoga | near Jennings Road, Harvard Avenue and Valley Road | |
| 10.84–11.4 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-WC">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-WC" /> | West Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Cuyahoga | near SR-17 Granger Road, Valley Belt Road, and I-77 | |
| 11.4 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-MC">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-MC" /> | Mill Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Cuyahoga | near Canal Road and Warner Road | |
| 16.36 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-TSC">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-TSC" /> | Tinkers Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Cuyahoga, Summit and Portage |
near Canal Road and Tinkers Creek Road | |
| 18.08 | Template:Convert | from Willow Lake | ||||
| 20.88 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-CC">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-CC" /> | Chippewa Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Cuyahoga and Summit |
near Chippewa Creek Drive and Riverview Road | |
| 24.16 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-BWC">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-BWC" /> | Brandywine Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Summit | near Highland Road | |
| 25.72 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-SFR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-SFR" /> | Stanford Run | Summit | near Stanford Road | |
| Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-GR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-GR" /> | Grannys Run (Cuyahoga River) | Summit | near Boston Mills Road and Riverview Road | ||
| 28.79 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-Slipper">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-Slipper" /> | Slipper Run | Summit | near SR-303 Main Street/West Streetsboro Road and Riverview Road | |
| 28.98 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-BR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-BR" /> | Boston Run (Cuyahoga River) | Summit | near East Mill Street and West Mill Street | |
| 29.24 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Peninsula Creek | Summit | ||||
| 29.82 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-HR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-HR" /> | Haskell Run | Summit | near Akron-Peninsula Road | |
| 30.26 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-Salt">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-Salt" /> | Salt Run (Cuyahoga River) | Summit | near Akron-Peninsula Road and Truxell Road | |
| 30.66 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-DR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-DR" /> | Dickerson Run (Cuyahoga River) | Summit | near | |
| 31.47 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-LR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-LR" /> | Langes Run | Summit | ||
| 32.3 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-RR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-RR" /> | Robinson Run (Cuyahoga River) | Summit | ||
| citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> || Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-FR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> || Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-FR" /> || Furnace Run (Cuyahoga River)|| || Summit | |||||
| 37.16 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-YC">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-YC" /> | Yellow Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Summit and Medina |
||
| 37.26 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-WWC">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-WWC" /> | Woodward Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Summit | ||
| 39.12 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-Sand">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-Sand" /> | Sand Run (Cuyahoga River) | Summit | ||
| 39.78 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-MB">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-MB" /> | Mud Brook (Cuyahoga River) | Summit | ||
| 42.27 <ref name="OH-EPA-LCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-LCR">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-LCR" /> | Little Cuyahoga River | Summit | ||
| 52.1 <ref name="OH-EPA-MCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-FC">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-FC" /> | Fish Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Stow | Summit and Portage |
near North River Road between Marsh Road and Verner Road |
| 53.7 <ref name="OH-EPA-MCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-PC">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-PC" /> | Plum Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Kent | Portage | near Cherry Street and Mogadore Road |
| 56.8 <ref name="OH-EPA-MCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-BNC">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-BNC" /> | Breakneck Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Kent/Franklin Township border | Portage | near River Bend Boulevard and Beechwold Drive |
| 57.6<ref name="OH-EPA-MCR" />-57.97 <ref name="OH-EPA-UCR" /> |
Twin Lakes Outlet | |||||
| 59.95 <ref name="OH-EPA-UCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-ED">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-ED" /> | Eckert Ditch (Cuyahoga River) | Portage | ||
| 63.45 <ref name="OH-EPA-UCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-YD">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-YD" /> | Yoder Ditch | Portage | ||
| 65.19 <ref name="OH-EPA-UCR" /> |
Bollingbrook, Portage | |||||
| 66.33 <ref name="OH-EPA-UCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-HD">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-HD" /> | Harper Ditch (Cuyahoga River) | Portage | ||
| 76.64 <ref name="OH-EPA-UCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-Black">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-Black" /> | Black Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Portage | near SR-700 Welshfield Limaville Road between SR-254 Pioneer Trail and CR-224 Hankee Road | |
| 79.15 <ref name="OH-EPA-UCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-SB">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-SB" /> | Sawyer Brook (Cuyahoga River) | Geauga | near Main Market Road US-422 and Claridon Troy Road | |
| 83.29 <ref name="OH-EPA-UCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-Bridge">Template:Cite gnis</ref> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-Bridge" /> | Bridge Creek (Cuyahoga River) | Geauga | ||
| 84.9 <ref name="OH-EPA-UCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-WBCR" /> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-WBCR" /> | West Branch Cuyahoga River | Geauga | ||
| 84.9 <ref name="OH-EPA-UCR" /> |
Template:Coord<ref name="GNIS-EBCR" /> | Template:Convert<ref name="GNIS-EBCR" /> | East Branch Cuyahoga River | Geauga |
See also
Notes
References
General references
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}
- Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link
- Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link
- Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link
- Akron Beacon Journal Editorial (2005). All Wet. Retrieved July 29, 2005.
- AP / Cleveland Plain Dealer. Dam removal to return Cuyahoga to natural, free-flowing stateTemplate:Dead link. Posted September 29, 2005; retrieved October 6, 2005.
- Template:Cite news
- Template:Cite news
External links
- Cuyahoga River Community Planning Organization
- Cuyahoga Valley
- Friends of the Crooked River
- National Whitewater River Inventory
- Lower Cuyahoga Gorge (below the Ohio Edison Dam)
- Upper Cuyahoga Gorge (Cuyahoga Falls, above the Dam)
- Kent to Munroe Falls
- Ira Rd. to Peninsula
- Peninsula to Boston Mills
- Cuyahoga River and Cuyahoga River Fire entries from the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
- Year of the River, The Plain Dealer special section commemorating the 40th anniversary of the 1969 fire
Template:Cleveland Template:Protected areas of Ohio Template:AHR Template:Authority control
- Pages with broken file links
- Cuyahoga River
- Rivers of Ohio
- Waste disposal incidents in the United States
- Water pollution in the United States
- Rivers of Cuyahoga County, Ohio
- Rivers of Geauga County, Ohio
- Rivers of Portage County, Ohio
- Rivers of Summit County, Ohio
- Cuyahoga Valley National Park
- Tributaries of Lake Erie
- American Heritage Rivers
- National Recreation Trails of the United States
- Water trails