Cynthia Breazeal

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox scientist Cynthia Breazeal is an American AI and robotics scientist and entrepreneur. She is a pioneer of social robotics and human-robot interaction. She is the former chief scientist and chief experience officer of Jibo, a company she co-founded in 2012 that developed companion robots for the family at home. Currently, she is a professor of media arts and sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she is the director of the Personal Robots Group at the MIT Media Lab,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> dean for digital learning at MIT Open Learning,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and director of the MIT RAISE Initiative.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Her work has explored the theme of living everyday life in the presence of AI and, in recent years, has been a leader in AI literacy for youth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Early life and education

As the daughter of two computer scientists working in national labs,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> she had early access to the fields of computer science and engineering. Breazeal earned a B.Sc in electrical and computer engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in 1989. From MIT she received her M.S. in 1993 and Sc.D. in 2000, both in electrical engineering and computer science. After watching NASA land a robot on Mars in 1997, she wondered why robots had made it to Mars but not into everyday lives.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This inspired her to switch her focus to build the world's first social robot, Kismet, and pioneer the field of social robotics.

Breazeal developed the robot Kismet as a doctoral thesis under Rodney Brooks.<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref> Kismet explored the expressive social-emotional exchange between humans and autonomous robots, including when they collaborate as partners. Kismet, as well as other robots Breazeal co-developed while a graduate student at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, has been on display in the MIT Museum since 2000.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

MIT career

Breazeal is a professor of Media Arts and Sciences at MIT, where she founded and directs the Personal Robots Group.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She has written several books in the field of AI robotics and has published hundreds of highly-cited peer-reviewed papers on the topic. She also serves on multiple editorial boards and committees for autonomous robots.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Breazeal's work at MIT has examined social embodiment in robots that interact with people using natural verbal, paralinguistic, and non-verbal cues such as gaze, emotions, and posture on human emotional engagement.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> She did early explorations of social embodiment on robotic telepresence<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and has investigated long-term interaction with robots, such as the impact of rapport-building on human outcomes in domains like health, wellness, and education. In sum Breazeal has centered her work around the concept of "living with AI,"<ref name="media.mit.edu">Template:Cite web</ref> the impact of incorporating social robots into our everyday lives. Her goal, she has said, is to help people in achieving long-term goals in areas where sustained social support is known to be key for human outcomes, such as behavior change, coaching, and tutoring.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

With professors Eric Klopfer and Hal Abelson, in 2021 she launched the MIT RAISE Initiative to investigate and drive AI's the creative potential and ethical use, particularly in the context of K-12 education.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>

In January 2022, Breazeal was named as dean for digital learning at MIT, where she leads MIT Open Learning's revenue-generating professional education and research portfolio, identifying the areas for technical and pedagogical innovation, while researching how different methods and technologies can improve digital learning.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Social robots and the Personal Robots Group

Early robots

Leonardo was one of Breazeal's earliest robots, co-developed with Stan Winston Studio and a successor to Kismet (recognized in 2006 by Wired magazine as one of the "50 Best Robots Ever").<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Leonardo was also used to investigate social cognition and theory of mind abilities on robots with application to human-robot collaboration, in addition to developing social learning abilities for robots such as imitation, tutelage, and social referencing. Nexi<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> was another of Breazeal's robots in this tradition and was named by Time magazine as one of the 50 Best Inventions of 2008.<ref name="Time">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Nexi is an MDS (mobile, dexterous, social) robot that combines social communication abilities with mobile dexterity to investigate more complex forms of human-robot teaming.

Breazeal has also been part of creating a robotic flower garden installation, Cyberflora, which was exhibited at the 2003 National Design Triennial<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> at the Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum.

Breazeal's Personal Robots Group at the MIT Media Lab has produced a number of real-world robot design projects and publications covering topics such as education, health and wellness, aging, psychology, personalization, and advancing the social and emotional intelligence of AI and robots. Autom was a robot diet and exercise coach developed by Breazeal's Ph.D. student Cory Kidd; research found Autom to be more effective than a computer counterpart in sustaining engagement and building trust and a working alliance with users.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Cory Kidd, Designing for Long-Term Human-Robot Interaction and Application to Weight Loss. January 2008. Ph.D. Media Arts and Sciences, MIT.[1] Template:Webarchive</ref> Breazeal's group has also explored expressive remote presence robots such as MeBot, whose physical social embodiment was found to elicit greater psychological involvement, engagement, and desire to cooperate over purely screen-based video conferencing or a mobile screen.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> There is also the Huggable, which was designed as a pediatric companion to help support the emotional needs of hospitalized children and to help support and augment child life specialists.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Tega robot was developed as a personalized learning companion for young children for early childhood language and literacy development. Instead of engaging children as a tutor, the robot played educational games as a peer-like companion.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Tega has been used in numerous studies with children to show its adaptive personalization of content along with its social and emotional support during peer-like interactions. Tega helps with improved language and literacy skills,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> but it can also foster children's increased growth mindset,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> curiosity,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and creativity.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

AI and education

In recent years Breazeal's work has expanded into AI and education.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Through MIT's Responsible AI for Social Empowerment and Education initiative, she has been a global leader of K12 AI literacy for all children. She has emphasized RAISE's ambition to innovate and advance at scale, to educate primary through high school-aged students in the creative and ethical use of AI, and do so in part with free resources for use in the classroom and teacher professional development.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> MIT RAISE pursues a constructionist pedagogical approach called computational action that fosters critical thinking, teamwork, and creative problem solving and expression. As part of that approach, in 2021 MIT RAISE created the MIT FutureMakers<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> program, "a free, six-week summer program that inspires and trains high school and early college students how to design with AI and digital technologies to be positive change makers in their communities."

The same year, MIT RAISE launched Day of AI<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> to advance, at scale, the mission that "AI literacy is for everyone". Day of AI was launched in collaboration with i2 Learning president Ethan Berman, and through it RAISE has developed innovative, free, and open AI curricula, AI-powered tools to support learning-by-making, and professional development for K-12. To date, tens of thousands of teachers and over a million students have learned AI literacy in 50 U.S. states and 170 countries.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> RAISE has received significant funding from Google and DP World, among others.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

As MIT broadly has taken on a more prominent role in AI policy,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Breazeal co-authored papers on AI's risks and rewards for career pathways in secondary education<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and, for a government audience, a brief on the "proper use of AI in education".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Research impact

Breazeal's research publications have over 40,000 citations on Google Scholar and an h-index of 100, having authored or co-authored more than 100 publications, each cited more than 100 times.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (A typical h-index for a computer science senior scholar is generally between 30 and 60.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>) Breazeal's most influential publications are her early ones that pioneered social robots. Publications co-authored with her graduate students have become sources for large-language models in health,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> K-12 AI literacy,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> AI and ethics,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> social robot learning companions for children,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and long-term human-robot interaction studies.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Industry work

Jibo, Inc.

On July 16, 2014, Breazeal launched a successful Indiegogo campaign to crowdfund the development of Jibo,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a personal assistant robot widely marketed as the world's first family robot.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She served as chief scientist and chief experience officer.<ref name="media.mit.edu" /> Jibo reached its series A fundraising goal of $70 million.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Its natural social interface was the first consumer product to combine far-field speech and machine vision to identify people and their movement with physically expressive behavior, the ability to turn to look at the user, and an appealing persona. Inspired by the app ecosystem of mobile devices, Jibo was also the first personal robot to use these capabilities to perform a range of skills.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Jibo was released in November 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The robot was created to be a helpful companion that could bring "content to life" in a new way beyond flat screens. Jibo was designed to interact with people with more engaging social experiences, including storytelling, game play, and other forms of entertainment. It also supported a range of practical skills that leveraged machine vision such as being an interactive photographer, recognizing people to deliver news and weather in a personalized report, IoT control with an IFTTT integration, music with iHeartRadio, and other features.

Jibo generally received positive reviews for its innovative user experience and likable persona; however, it offered fewer skills than Amazon Alexa and Google Home, which came at a lower price point.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The company failed to raise series B funding, and in March 2020, the assets of Jibo Inc. were acquired by NTT Corporation for healthcare and education markets.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Breazeal returned to the MIT Media Lab in 2018 and used the Jibo platform to continue to advance new AI capabilities and -- more recently using new LLM generative AI models -- to support long-term interactions with people and robots in real-world environments to understand what properties of social robots and personified AI agents lead to beneficial outcomes for people. Her Personal Robots Group investigated the impact of social embodiment on human engagement and perceptions of AI personas and found richer forms of social embodiment led to more extended interaction and stronger perceptions of trustworthiness, emotional connection, and companionship.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Since 2018, her research group has published numerous studies using Jibo in the home,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> senior communities,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and schools.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Breazeal has shown that the role of the robot as a collaborative, emotionally engaging partner can enhance children's creative story-making,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> enrich parent-child interactions around educational stories and games,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> serve as a positive psychology coach to improve mental wellness even during the COVID-19 pandemic,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and act as a social catalyst to promote social interaction among residents in senior communities.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Several of her publications highlight the role of Jibo's companionship and physical presence in promoting more successful, longer-lasting outcomes for people.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Awards and recognition

Selected works

Books

Selected Articles, Papers, and Chapters

References

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Further reading

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