Dénia
Template:About Template:More citations needed Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox settlement Dénia (Template:IPA; Template:Langx Template:IPA) is a historical coastal city in the province of Alicante, Spain, on the Costa Blanca halfway between Alicante and Valencia, and the capital and judicial seat of the comarca of Marina Alta. Denia's historical heritage has been influenced by Iberian, Greek, Roman, Islamic, Napoleonic and Christian civilizations. Template:As of, it had a population of 49,700,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> although this is more than doubled by tourism during the summer months.
History
There is evidence of human habitation in the area since prehistoric times and there are significant Iberian ruins on the hillsides nearby. In the 4th century BC it was a Greek colony of Massalia or Emporion,Template:Cn perhaps the one mentioned by Strabo<ref name="perseus.tufts">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="perseus.tufts_a">Template:Cite book</ref> as Hēmeroskopeion (Template:Langx) (meaning "watchtower"). It was an ally of Rome during the Punic Wars, and later was absorbed into the Roman Empire under the name of Dianium (after their goddess Diana). In the 1st century BC Quintus Sertorius established a Roman naval base here.<ref name="Agencia del Medioambient 1990">Template:Cite book</ref>
From 636Template:Ndash696, under Visigothic rule, it was the seat of a bishop subordinate to Toledo. After the Muslim conquest of Iberia and the dissolution of the Caliphate of Córdoba, Dénia (Template:Langx, Template:Translit) became the capital of a Taifa kingdom that reigned over part of the Valencian coast and Ibiza. Slavic Muslim slaves, saqālibah, led by Mujahid ibn Yusuf ibn Ali, profited from the progressive crumbling of the Caliphate's superstructure to gain control over the province of Dénia. The saqālibah managed to free themselves and run the kingdom, which extended its reach as far as the islands of Majorca and its capital Template:Ill. The saqālibah taifa lost its independence in 1076, when it was captured by Ahmad al-Muqtadir, lord of Zaragoza, under which it remained until the Almoravid invasion in 1091. The Muslim Arabs originally built the castle fortress, and the French, who occupied the city for four years during the Peninsular War, rebuilt it in the early 19th century.
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The town was reconquered by the Christians in 1244. This caused a decline for the city, which remained nearly uninhabited after the exile of most of the Muslim population. It was later repopulated by the Valencian government. Created a fief in 1298, it was held by the de Sandoval family from 1431, although the city itself was returned to the Aragonese crown in 1455. A marquisate from 1487, Dénia gained many privileges thanks to Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, Duke of Lerma, a favourite of Philip III of Spain. It suffered a further period of decay after the decree of Expulsion of the Moriscos (1609), by which 25,000 people left the marquisate, leaving the local economy in a dismal state.
During the War of the Spanish Succession Dénia was besieged by 9,000 French troops in June 1707, who broke down several sections of the town walls using cannon, but their attacks in July were repulsed by the small garrison with great loss of life to the attackers resulting in the siege being raised after 27 days. Dénia, however, fell to the French forces that November. In 1713 the Treaty of Utrecht recognised Louis XIV's grandson Philip, Duke of Anjou, as King of Spain (as Philip V), so returning Dénia to Spanish rule.
It was reacquired by the Spanish crown in 1803, after which Denia gained an increasingly important role as a trading port. A community of English raisin traders lived in Denia from 1800 until the time of the Spanish Civil War in the late 1930s.
Main sights
Dénia is home to a large Moorish castle named Castle of Dénia on a rocky crag overlooking the city. It was built in the 11th and 12th century and offers views around the sea, the city and the surrounding area. Located in the castle is the Palau del Governador and its corresponding museum.
Dénia also has the Museu Etnològic with further details on the history and culture of the city.
Climate
Dénia has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), with mild winters and hot summers. The average annual temperature surpasses Template:Convert and the rainfall amount is around Template:Convert. The mean temperature of the coldest month (January) is around Template:Convert, while the mean of the hottest month (August) is around Template:Convert.<ref name="MyWeather2" /> Autumn is by far the wettest season, receiving more than Template:Convert of rainfall, mostly falling in few days but with heavy rainfalls, a phenomenon called cold drop in Spain that is very common on the Valencian coast.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Both September and October receive more than Template:Convert of rainfall while November receives close to 100mm as well. Summer is the driest season, but not rainless, as on average, it receives around Template:Convert although July is almost rainless as on average it receives under Template:Convert of rain, being the sunniest month as well. Storms are common in Autumn, averaging about 15 stormy days per year. The city enjoys around 2750 sunshine hours per year.<ref name="AEMET">Template:Cite web</ref>
Transportation
Baleària operates daily ferry service from Dénia to Ibiza and the other Balearic Islands. Dénia is the closest Spanish mainland city to Ibiza.
The city also serves as the northern terminus for a Template:RailGauge railway line through the mountains from Alicante (popularly known as the Limón Express), run by FGV. This is not a specific tourist railway; it provides transport throughout the year and is geared to commuter use.
Connections by ALSA bus are also available to major cities Benidorm and Alicante to the south, and to Gandia and Valencia to the north.<ref>https://www.alsa.com/en/destination/denia</ref>
Dénia is accessible by car from the AP-7 motorway and N-332 national road, which lie several kilometers due west of the city.
Economy
The head office of Baleària is in Dénia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Culture
The Fallas festival is celebrated each March from March 14-19.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As done in major cities throughout the Valencian Community, huge papier-mâché statues called fallas are set up throughout the town, are awarded both overall and category prizes, and then set ablaze on the last night of the celebration in reverse order of their overall finish. Dénia has 11 "falla districtes": Baix La Mar, Campaments, Centro, Darrere de Castell, Diana, Les Roques, Nou Camp Roig, Oeste, París-Pedrera, Port-Rotes, and Saladar.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Each district constructs both an adult and children's falla. Districts compete in the "Especial" or the "Primera" categories, depending upon how much is allocated for the construction of each falla.
The Bous a la Mar (meaning "Bulls at the Sea") is held in July. The highlight of this week-long festival is watching bulls run down the main street Marqués de Campo, only to be chased into the Mediterranean sea by those daring enough to enter a makeshift bull ring with them.
Since 1974, Dénia has been home to painter and sculptor Joan Castejón. The town honored him as an Adoptive Son of Dénia in 1999.
Since 2015, Dénia has been an UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The celebrity chef Quique Dacosta has his namesake 3-star Michelin restaurant in the Las Marinas area of the city.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The 1-star Michelin restaurant Peix y Brases is also in Dénia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The annual D*na Festival is the city's annual gastronomic fair, held annually on the last weekend of September at the Marineta Cassiana boardwalk.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Notable people
- Abu al-Salt, Andalusian polymath
- Al-Dani, Andalusian jurist and qari.
- Joan Castejón, sculptor
- Marta García, racing driver
- Alberto Sols García, biochemist
- Pepelu, footballer for Valencia CF
Sports
Dénia's local football team is called Club Deportivo Dénia, and plays at the seventh level in Spain's pyramid, the Lliga Primera FFCV.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Dénia's local basketball team is called Dénia Basquet, and plays at the fifth level in Spain's pyramid, the Primera División de Baloncesto.
Twin towns
- Template:Flagicon Cholet, France