DIN 31635

Template:Short description DIN 31635 is a Template:Lang (DIN) standard for the transliteration of the Arabic alphabet adopted in 1982. It is based on the rules of the Template:Lang (DMG) as modified by the International Orientalist Congress 1935 in Rome. The most important differences from English-based systems were doing away with j, because it stood for Template:IPAslink in the English-speaking world and for Template:IPAslink in the German-speaking world and the entire absence of digraphs like th, dh, kh, gh, sh. Its acceptance relies less on its official status than on its elegance (one sign for each Arabic letter) and the Geschichte der arabischen Literatur manuscript catalogue of Carl Brockelmann and the dictionary of Hans Wehr. Today it is used in most German-language publications of Arabic and Islamic studies.

Along with rules for the Arabic language, it also includes transliteration standards for Ottoman Turkish, Persian, Kurdish, Urdu, and Pashto.

Table

The 28 letters:

Arabic letters	Template:Lang‎ / Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang	Template:Lang / Template:Lang‎<ref>In Egypt, Sudan and sometimes other regions, the final form is always Template:Lang (without dots).</ref>
DIN 31635	Template:Transliteration / Template:Transliteration	b	t	Template:Transliteration	Template:Transliteration	ḥ	Template:Transliteration	d	Template:Transliteration	r	z	s	Template:Transliteration	ṣ	ḍ	ṭ	ẓ	Template:Transliteration	Template:Transliteration	f	q	k	l	m	n	h	w / ū	y / ī
ALA-LC	ʼ / ā			th	j		kh		dh				sh					ʻ	gh
IPA (MSA)	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA	Template:IPA link, Template:IPA

Rules

The Template:Transliteration (Template:Transliteration, Template:Transliteration and Template:Transliteration) are transliterated as Template:Transliteration, Template:Transliteration and Template:Transliteration. A Template:Transliteration results in a geminate (consonant written twice). The article is written with the sun letters assimilated.

An Template:Transliteration marking Template:IPA is transliterated as Template:Transliteration. The letter (Template:Lang) Template:Transliteration is transliterated as word-final Template:Transliteration normally, or Template:Transliteration in a word in the construct state.

Template:Transliteration has many variants, Template:Lang; depending on its position, all of them are transliterated as Template:Angbr. The initial Template:Transliteration (Template:Lang) without a Template:Transliteration is not transliterated using Template:Transliteration initially, only the initial vowel is transliterated (if pronounced): Template:Transliteration.

(Template:Lang) Template:Transliteration appears as Template:Transliteration, transliterating it indistinguishable from Template:Transliteration.<ref>Template:Lang for final Template:IPA is also known as Template:Lang Template:Transliteration Template:IPA "flexible Template:Transliteration".</ref> Long vowels Template:IPA and Template:IPA are transliterated as Template:Transliteration and Template:Transliteration. The Template:Transliteration suffix Template:IPA appears as Template:Transliteration although the former is normally transliterated as Template:Transliteration, and nunation is ignored in transliteration. A hyphen Template:Transliteration is used to separate clitics (the article, the prepositions and the conjunction) from words to which they are attached.

The Eastern Arabic numerals (Template:Lang) are rendered as western Arabic numerals (Template:Transliteration).

See also

• Romanization of Arabic
• ISO 233
• Hans Wehr transliteration
• Arabic phonology
• Help:IPA/Arabic (Wikipedia help)

References

• Template:Cite book Reprint (Wiesbaden, 1969)

External links

• Chart of Arabic transliteration systems (non-normative), including DIN 31635, Revision 2.2 (2008-02-25)
• Deutsches Institut für Normung