Daniel Wilson (academic)

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File:Archibald Place, Edinburgh.jpg
Archibald Place, Edinburgh

Sir Daniel Wilson Template:Post-nominals FSA (Scot) FRSE LLD (January 5, 1816 – August 6, 1892) was a Scottish-born Canadian archaeologist, ethnologist and author.

Life

File:St Mary's Church South Leith, Before 1836.jpg
St Mary's Church South Leith, from a drawing by Wilson, showing the church as it was before 1836

Wilson was born at 55 Potterow<ref>edinburgh Post Office Directory 1816</ref> in Edinburgh on 3 January 1816, the son of Archibald Wilson and his wife, Janet Aitken. His father is listed in directories as a book-binder, but some records state he was a wine-dealer. He was educated at the Royal High School. He was apprenticed as an engraver around 1830 then went to London,Template:Sfn and worked in the studio of J. M. W. Turner. His skills as a water-colour painter came back into play much later in his career.Template:Sfn

Wilson returned to Edinburgh in 1842, and was appointed Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1845.Template:Sfn He corresponded with Christian Jürgensen Thomsen and J. J. A. Worsaae, who had established the exhibition of the prehistoric material in the Danish national museum in Copenhagen in terms of the Three-age system – the succession of a Stone Age by a Bronze Age and an Iron Age. He organized the display of the Society's museum after the same chronological scheme, the first to emulate the Copenhagen museum.Template:Sfn

In 1845 he is listed as a "printseller and artist's colourman" with premises at 25 Hanover Street and living at 32 Broughton Place.<ref>Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1845</ref>

In 1848 Wilson published Memorials of Edinburgh in the Olden Time, of which the chief value lies in the numerous illustrations, done by himselfTemplate:Sfn It was an important record of the many historic buildings that were at risk or were being lost in the rapid development of central Edinburgh.Template:Citation needed In 1851 he published The Archaeology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland,Template:Sfn which introduced the word prehistoric into the English archaeological vocabulary<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> – he probably translated it from the Danish word "forhistorie" as used by Thomsen and Worsaae.Template:Citation needed

Portrait of Sir Daniel Wilson, c. 1860
Portrait of Sir Daniel Wilson, c. 1860

His final years in Edinburgh were spent at 17 Archibald Place, near George Heriot's School.<ref>Edinburgh Post Office directory 1850</ref>

In 1853 Wilson left Scotland to take up the post of Professor of History and English Literature in Toronto.Template:Sfn In addition to his teaching duties, he kept up his interests in natural history, geology, and was very interested in the ethnography of the indigenous groups that he encountered on his vacation treks. Many of his watercolour sketches of landscapes and encampments of hunter-gatherer groups are now in the Canadian national archives in Ottawa.Template:Citation needed His brother George Wilson had become the first director of a new national museum in Edinburgh (now the National Museums of Scotland), and Daniel Wilson actively collected ethnographic material for the museum by means of an extensive network of contacts.Template:Citation needed He was the author of Civilisation in the Old and the New World, and a number of other books, for example, a study on Thomas Chatterton, and Caliban, the Missing Link.Template:Sfn He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1861.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1875 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir George Frederick Harvey, John Hutton Balfour, Sir Andrew Douglas Maclagan and Sir Robert Christison.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He served as president of the Canadian Institute (later the Royal Canadian Institute) from 1878-1881.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Daniel Wilson also served as president of University College, Toronto from 1880 to 1892,Template:Citation needed and as the first president of the federated University of Toronto from 1890–1892.Template:Sfn He asserted their claims against the sectarian universities of the province which denounced the provincial university as godless, and against the private medical schools in Toronto. He advocated what he called "the maintenance of a national system of university education in opposition to sectarian or denominational colleges".Template:Sfn He opposed the federation of colleges,Template:Sfn particularly that of Victoria College, as a "Methodist plot".Template:Sfn

In 1888 Wilson was knighted by Queen Victoria for his services to education in Canada, and in 1891 given the Freedom of the City of Edinburgh.

He died in Toronto on August 6, 1892.Template:Sfn He is buried in St. James Cemetery in Toronto.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Family

His older brother was George Wilson FRSE (1818–1859).

In 1840, he married Margaret Mackay.

His sister Jessie Aitken Wilson married the biologist James Sime.

Recognition

The Sir Daniel J. Wilson Residence at the University College in University of Toronto is named in his honour.

Publications

Notes

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References

Further reading

  • Hulse, Elizabeth (ed.), Thinking with both hands: Sir Daniel Wilson in the old world and the new. Toronto & London, University of Toronto Press, 1999.
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