Dehydratase
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Dehydratases are a group of lyase enzymes that form double and triple bonds in a substrate through the removal of water.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> They can be found in many places including the mitochondria, peroxisome and cytosol.<ref name="pmid1417796">Template:Cite journal</ref> There are more than 150 different dehydratase enzymes<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> that are classified into four groups. Dehydratases can act on hydroxyacyl-CoA with or without cofactors, and some have a metal and non-metal cluster act as their active site.Template:Fact
Pathology
A dehydratase deficiency in the body can lead to a less severe condition of hyperphenylalaninemia, which involves an over presence of phenylalanine in the blood. It is caused by a genetic recessive disorder in the autosomal DNA.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Examples
Common dehydratases include:
- Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ADA-D) is found in blood and is involved in the production of the heme group of globins.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> People exposed to lead will have a decrease in ADA-D activity.<ref name="pmid4328740">Template:Cite journal</ref>
- Serine dehydratase is mostly found in the liver and catalyzes the reaction of turning serine into pyruvate and ammonia. In a diet of increased protein, the activity of serine dehydratase is increased.<ref name="pmid4347092">Template:Cite journal</ref>
- Arogenate dehydratase is found mostly in the chloroplasts of higher plants. It catalyzes the reaction of turning L-arogenate into L-phenylalanine.<ref name="pmid3463961">Template:Cite journal</ref>