Demographics of Iraq

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox place demographics

Historical population of Iraq

The Iraqi people (Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Syriac: ܥܡܐ ܥܝܪܩܝܐ) are people originating from the country of Iraq.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Iraqi Arabs are the largest ethnic group in Iraq,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> followed by Iraqi Kurds, then Iraqi Turkmen as the third largest ethnic group in the country.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Studies indicate that Mesopotamian Arabs, who make up the overwhelming majority of Iraq's population, are genetically distinct from other Arab populations in the Arabs of the Arabian peninsula.<ref name="Nadia Al-Zahery; Maria Pala; Vincenza Battaglia; Viola Grugni; Mohammed A. Hamod; Baharak Hooshiar Kashani; Anna Olivieri; Antonio Torroni; Augusta S. Santachiara-Benerecetti; Ornella Semino 2011 2011 2882">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The most spoken languages are Mesopotamian Arabic, Kurdish, Assyrian Syriac and Iraqi Turkmen dialects. The percentages of the different ethno-religious groups of Iraq vary from source to source due to the lack of recent official data.

After several postponements, the latest national census was held on 20 and 21 November 2024, with a total number of 120,000 field researchers who executed the census in all governorates on the set date.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The detailed results, announced on 24 February 2025, showed that the Iraqi population had risen to 46,118,793, with 101 Male for every 100 Female. Named the ‘General Population and Housing Census’,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> it did not include a questionnaire on ethnicity, and was specifically designed to provide official data for developmental and welfare purposes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Population

Template:Historical populations 39,650,145 (2021 estimate),<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> Template:UN Population (Template:UN Population estimate),Template:UN Population up from 31,234,000 (April 2009 IMF estimate)<ref name="imf2">Template:Cite web</ref>

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (1 July 2013) (Estimates):<ref name="unstats.un.org">Template:Cite web</ref>

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 17,710,750 17,083,444 34,794,194 100
0–4 2,495,131 2,405,862 4,900,993 14.09
5–9 2,374,908 2,191,807 4,566,714 13.12
10–14 2,232,712 2,048,891 4,281,603 12.31
15–19 1,937,714 1,825,963 3,763,677 10.82
20–24 1,701,884 1,593,679 3,295,563 9.47
25–29 1,424,739 1,316,462 2,741,201 7.88
30–34 1,176,433 1,134,882 2,311,316 6.64
35–39 983,570 1,044,325 2,027,895 5.83
40–44 933,785 897,936 1,831,722 5.26
45–49 746,884 763,311 1,510,195 4.34
50–54 508,498 562,274 1,070,772 3.08
55–59 356,581 393,511 750,093 2.16
60–64 345,830 378,456 724,285 2.08
65–69 187,626 218,991 406,617 1.17
70–74 133,277 138,375 271,651 0.78
75–79 81,742 90,630 172,373 0.50
80+ 89,436 78,087 167,523 0.48
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 8,005,327 7,674,802 15,680,129 39.01
15–24 3,976,085 3,829,086 7,805,171 19.24
25–54 6,900,984 6,752,797 13,653,781 33.97
55–64 788,602 839,291 1,627,893 4.05
65+ 632,753 794,489 1,427,242 3.55

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020):<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 20 135 407 19 719 025 39 854 432 100
0–4 3 001 938 2 845 630 5 847 568 14.67
5–9 2 801 593 2 637 323 5 438 915 13.65
10–14 2 503 802 2 337 380 4 841 183 12.15
15–19 2 196 837 2 075 647 4 272 484 10.72
20–24 1 918 965 1 770 996 3 689 961 9.26
25–29 1 505 098 1 463 422 2 968 520 7.45
30–34 1 317 918 1 356 230 2 674 148 6.71
35–39 1 123 350 1 184 338 2 307 688 5.79
40–44 1 059 298 1 073 442 2 132 741 5.35
45–49 782 854 806 097 1 588 951 3.99
50–54 461 586 574 816 1 036 401 2.60
55–59 524 741 549 131 1 073 872 2.69
60–64 361 381 394 984 756 365 1.90
65-69 237 890 247 820 485 710 1.22
70-74 155 203 156 175 311 378 0.78
75-79 81 749 98 501 180 250 0.45
80+ 101 202 147 093 248 296 0.62
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 8 307 333 7 820 333 16 127 666 40.47
15–64 11 252 030 11 249 103 22 501 133 56.46
65+ 576 044 649 589 1 225 633 3.08

Vital statistics

UN estimates (based on UN WPP Revision 2022)

Note: This table uses the sticky table format to make scrolling easier. If you prefer, you can disable it. Template:Sticky table startTemplate:Static row numbersTemplate:Mw-datatableTemplate:Sort underTemplate:Table alignment

Year<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change CBR1 CDR1 NC1 IMR1 Total fertility rate Life expectancy (years)
1950   259,000   142,000   117,000 45.7 25.1 20.6 222.0 6.20 38.98
1951   270,000   137,000   133,000 46.7 23.8 23.0 210.2 6.40 40.65
1952   293,000   136,000   157,000 49.4 23.0 26.4 199.1 6.84 42.20
1953   297,000   134,000   163,000 48.8 22.0 26.8 188.5 6.84 43.71
1954   297,000   130,000   167,000 47.6 20.8 26.7 178.5 6.76 45.21
1955   267,000   123,000   144,000 41.7 19.2 22.5 169.0 6.00 46.58
1956   271,000   117,000   154,000 41.4 17.8 23.6 160.1 6.00 47.88
1957   220,000   107,000   113,000 32.9 16.0 16.9 151.6 4.80 49.21
1958   224,000   101,000   123,000 32.9 14.8 18.1 143.7 4.80 50.41
1959   252,000   101,000   151,000 36.4 14.6 21.8 136.3 5.30 51.03
1960   257,000 98,000   159,000 36.3 13.9 22.4 129.4 5.30 52.62
1961   289,000   100,000   189,000 39.7 13.8 26.0 123.1 5.80 53.41
1962   352,000   105,000   247,000 47.1 14.0 33.0 117.2 6.87 54.33
1963   363,000   109,000   254,000 46.9 14.0 32.8 111.8 6.90 54.95
1964   373,000   110,000   263,000 46.7 13.8 32.9 107.4 6.93 55.63
1965   384,000   109,000   275,000 46.4 13.2 33.2 102.1 6.95 56.62
1966   395,000   109,000   286,000 46.2 12.8 33.4 97.7 6.97 57.35
1967   408,000   108,000   299,000 46.1 12.2 33.8 93.5 7.00 58.37
1968   422,000   110,000   312,000 46.1 12.0 34.1 89.9 7.05 58.78
1969   438,000   110,000   328,000 46.2 11.6 34.6 86.0 7.10 59.32
1970   450,000   110,000   340,000 45.8 11.2 34.6 82.6 7.08 60.19
1971   461,000   109,000   352,000 45.4 10.7 34.7 79.0 7.06 60.91
1972   471,000   110,000   362,000 44.8 10.4 34.4 76.0 7.01 61.39
1973   481,000   109,000   372,000 44.3 10.0 34.2 73.0 6.96 62.03
1974   492,000   117,000   375,000 43.7 10.4 33.4 70.4 6.93 60.90
1975   500,000   116,000   384,000 43.0 10.0 33.0 67.7 6.88 61.46
1976   508,000   108,000   400,000 42.3 9.0 33.3 64.6 6.81 63.72
1977   516,000   108,000   408,000 41.6 8.7 32.9 62.1 6.75 64.23
1978   525,000   110,000   416,000 41.0 8.5 32.4 59.8 6.69 64.40
1979   536,000   110,000   426,000 40.4 8.3 32.1 57.7 6.63 64.79
1980   546,000   128,000   418,000 40.0 9.4 30.6 55.7 6.57 61.50
1981   560,000   143,000   417,000 39.8 10.1 29.6 53.8 6.51 59.33
1982   573,000   143,000   429,000 39.5 9.9 29.6 52.1 6.45 59.73
1983   586,000   144,000   442,000 39.4 9.7 29.7 50.5 6.39 60.06
1984   607,000   147,000   460,000 39.5 9.6 29.9 49.1 6.33 60.22
1985   620,000   148,000   472,000 39.1 9.3 29.7 47.7 6.25 60.68
1986   626,000   149,000   477,000 38.8 9.2 29.6 46.4 6.18 60.87
1987   642,000   151,000   491,000 38.5 9.0 29.5 45.3 6.10 61.18
1988   662,000   184,000   477,000 38.8 10.8 28.0 49.2 6.02 57.47
1989   683,000   187,000   495,000 39.1 10.7 28.4 53.3 5.94 58.24
1990   708,000   190,000   518,000 39.4 10.6 28.8 52.2 5.88 58.44
1991   707,000   153,000   554,000 39.5 8.5 31.0 46.2 5.81 62.52
1992   722,000   123,000   599,000 39.3 6.7 32.6 41.1 5.72 66.71
1993   744,000   125,000   619,000 39.1 6.6 32.6 40.3 5.64 66.90
1994   782,000   133,000   649,000 38.7 6.6 32.1 39.7 5.53 66.74
1995   796,000   138,000   658,000 38.0 6.6 31.4 39.1 5.40 66.46
1996   810,000   142,000   668,000 37.4 6.6 30.9 38.4 5.29 66.39
1997   835,000   150,000   685,000 37.4 6.7 30.7 37.9 5.24 65.84
1998   853,000   156,000   697,000 37.0 6.8 30.3 36.9 5.15 65.49
1999   873,000   154,000   719,000 36.7 6.5 30.2 36.3 5.06 66.18
2000   891,000   152,000   740,000 36.3 6.2 30.1 35.6 4.95 66.82
2001   905,000   154,000   752,000 35.6 6.0 29.6 34.9 4.84 67.03
2002   916,000   156,000   759,000 35.0 6.0 29.0 34.2 4.71 67.08
2003   937,000   175,000   761,000 34.6 6.5 28.1 33.6 4.62 65.64
2004   963,000   186,000   776,000 34.6 6.7 27.9 32.9 4.58 65.03
2005   975,000   193,000   782,000 34.0 6.7 27.3 32.3 4.48 64.84
2006   998,000   213,000   785,000 33.8 7.2 26.6 31.6 4.44 63.59
2007   976,000   210,000   766,000 33.6 7.2 26.4 30.8 4.37 63.55
2008   972,000   193,000   779,000 33.5 6.7 26.8 30.1 4.34 64.94
2009   1,019,000   184,000   836,000 33.7 6.1 27.6 29.3 4.36 66.45
2010   1,071,000   183,000   888,000 34.3 5.9 28.4 28.6 4.43 67.06
2011   1,132,000   182,000   950,000 35.1 5.6 29.4 27.7 4.54 67.66
2012   1,159,000   184,000   974,000 34.6 5.5 29.1 26.9 4.48 68.02
2013   1,192,000   191,000   1,001,000 33.8 5.4 28.4 26.2 4.38 68.25
2014 1,216,000   190,000 1,026,000 33.1 5.2 27.9 25.2 4.28 68.91
2015   1,193,000   187,000   1,006,000 31.6 5.0 26.6 24.5 4.09 69.44
2016   1,168,000   199,000   970,000 30.2 5.1 25.0 23.7 3.90 68.99
2017   1,146,000   184,000   962,000 28.9 4.6 24.3 23.0 3.73 70.41
2018   1,154,000   174,000   980,000 28.4 4.3 24.1 22.4 3.66 71.51
2019   1,168,000   179,000   989,000 28.1 4.3 23.8 21.8 3.60 71.58
2020   1,179,000 223,000   957,000 27.7 5.2 22.5 21.0 3.55 69.12
2021   1,192,000   207,000   985,000 27.4 4.8 22.6 20.3 3.50 70.38
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1,000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1,000); NC = natural change (per 1,000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1,000 births

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Total fertility rate

Iraq fertility rate by region (2006)<ref name="unicef">Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend
Age groups<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 1997 2006
15–19 56.2 68
20–24 210 187
25–29 276.2 221
30–34 257.9 188
35–39 196.5 136
40–44 101.4 56
45–49 31 9
Total 1,128.2 865
TFR 4.3

Life expectancy at birth

Average life expectancy at birth of the total population.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Life expectancy at birth in Iraq
Period Life expectancy in
Years 		Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 37.9 1985–1990 64.3
1955–1960 44.9 1990–1995 67.4
1960–1965 50.9 1995–2000 69.1
1965–1970 56.4 2000–2005 68.9
1970–1975 59.5 2005–2010 68.0
1975–1980 61.7 2010–2015 69.2
1980–1985 59.0

Ethnicity

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Iraq's dominant ethnic group is Arabs, who account for more than three-quarters of the population.

According to the CIA World Factbook, citing a 1987 Iraqi government estimate, the population of Iraq is formed of 75-80% Arabs (including Marsh Arabs) followed by 15-20% Kurds and other minorities form 5% of the country's population, including the Turkmen, Kaka'i, Bedouins, Roma, Assyrians, Circassians, Mandaeans, and Persians.<ref name="TWFIraq">Template:Cite web</ref>

However, the International Crisis Group points out that figures from the 1987 census, as well as the 1967, 1977, and 1997 censuses, "are all considered highly problematic, due to suspicions of regime manipulation" because Iraqi citizens were only allowed to indicate belonging to either the Arab or Kurdish ethnic groups;<ref name="ICG">Template:Cite web</ref> consequently, this skewed the number of other ethnic minorities, such as Iraq's third largest ethnic group – the Turkmen.<ref name="ICG" />

Languages

Template:See also Arabic and Kurdish are the two official languages of Iraq. Arabic is taught across all schools in Iraq, however in the north the Kurdish language is the most spoken. Eastern Aramaic languages, such as Syriac and Mandaic are spoken, as well as the Iraqi Turkmen language, and various other indigenous languages.

Kurdish, including several dialects, is the second largest language and has regional language status in the north of the country. Aramaic, in antiquity spoken throughout the whole country, is now only spoken by the Assyrian minority, in distinct dialects that differ from church affiliation and geographic origin. The Iraqi Turkmen dialect is spoken in parts of northern Iraq, numerous languages of the Caucasus are also spoken by minorities, notably the Chechen community.

Religions

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The CIA World Factbook estimated in 2015 that between 95-98% of Iraqis followed Islam, with 61-64% being Shia and 29-34% being Sunni. Christianity accounted for 2%, and the rest (1-4%) practiced Yazidism, Mandaeism, and other religions.<ref name="Iraq - the World Factbook"/>

While there has been voluntary relocation of many Christian families to northern Iraq, recent reporting indicates that the overall Christian population may have dropped by as much as 50 percent since the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003, with many fleeing to Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon (2010 estimate).<ref name="TWFIraq"/> The percentage of Christians has fallen from 6% in 1991 or 1.5 million to about one third of this. Estimates say there are 500,000 Christians in Iraq.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Nearly all Iraqi Kurds identify as Sunni Muslims. A 2014 survey in Iraq concluded that "98% of Kurds in Iraq identified themselves as Sunnis and only 2% identified as Shias".<ref name="pewresearch.org">Template:Cite web</ref> The religious differences between Sunni Arabs and Sunni Kurds are small. While 98 percent of Shia Arabs believe that visiting the shrines of saints is acceptable, 71 percent of Sunni Arabs did and 59 percent of Sunni Kurds support this practice.<ref name="pewresearch.org"/> About 94 percent of the population in Iraqi Kurdistan is Muslim.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

References

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Further reading

Template:Demographics of Iraq Template:Iraq topics Template:Asia in topic

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