Depok

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox settlement Template:Contains special characters

Depok (Template:Langx, Sundanese: ᮓᮦᮕᮧᮊ᮪) is a landlocked city in West Java province. It is located directly south of Jakarta, and it is the third largest urban center in the Greater Jakarta metropolitan area after Jakarta and Bekasi, covering an area of about 199.91 km2. Known as a center of education and commerce, the city had a population of 1,738,600 at the 2010 census<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011">Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> and 2,056,400 at the 2020 census;<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> the official estimate for mid 2024 was 2,163,635 (comprising 1,088,759 males and 1,074,876 females), resulting in a density of about 10,823 people per km2.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, Kota Depok Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3276)</ref> Depok became an independent city on 20 April 1999, having previously been part of Bogor Regency. It is the second most populous suburban city in Indonesia after Bekasi, and among the ten most populous suburban cities in the world.

History

There are two possible origins of the name 'Depok'. The first suggests that the region was already known as Depok when the land was purchased by Cornelis Chastelein, a senior official in the Dutch East India Company, on 18 May 1696. The purchased land measured about 12.44 km2, approximately 6.2% of the current area of Depok. Aside from establishing plantations with the help of the local inhabitants, Chastelein was also engaged in missionary work, introducing Christianity to the local population. He founded a local congregation named De Eerste Protestante Organisatie van Christenen (DEPOC), and in the 1950s, some members of the Depok community in the Netherlands claimed that this acronym influenced the modern name of the city.<ref name="The Forgotten Bule Depok">Template:Cite web</ref> An alternative explanation is that the name derives from the Indonesian word padepokan (Hermitage), as the site had previously been used as a religious retreat.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Before his death on 28 June 1714, Chastelein wrote a will that freed the enslaved families of Depok and granted them pieces of his land, transforming them into landowners. Therefore, the 12 slave families became landowners (forever as given to them with entitlement deeds of Chastelein himself in his will) and freed men, women, and their children. The freed slaves are also referred to as the Mardijker's – and it originated from the word *Merdeka* or freedom in Bahasa Indonesia. Therefore, June 28 has been designated as Depokse Dag (Depok Day) by the descendants of the original Depok family, and on 28 June 2014, to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Chastelein's will, they erected a 3-meter-high monument on their land, but the city government at the time prohibited it, citing its association with Dutch colonial history.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The 12 original Depok family names are:<ref name="Jakarta Globe article">Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Div col

  • Bacas
  • Isakh
  • Jacob
  • Jonathans
  • Joseph
  • Laurens
  • Leander
  • Loen
  • Sadokh
  • Samuel
  • Soedira
  • Tholense

Template:Div col end

The original slave families of Depok are of Balinese, Ambonese, Buginese, Sundanese and Portuguese Indo, i.e., Mestizo and Mardijker descent. Isakh, Jacob, Jonathans, Joseph, and Samuel were family names baptized by Chastelein after the slave families converted to Protestant Christianity. The other families retained their original names and might have been (Roman Catholic) Christian already before joining Chastelein's Protestant church. Descendants of the original Depok families with the exception of the Sadokh family, still live in Indonesia, the Netherlands, Norway, Canada and the United States.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Jakarta Globe article"/>

In 1871, the colonial government granted Depok a special status (Gemeente), allowing the area to establish its own local government headed by a council leader (President). This local governance ended in 1952, when the Depok administration transferred its authority to the Indonesian government, except for certain territories.

During the Bersiap (Indonesian civil war and war for independence from The Netherlands) period of 1945, Depok experienced violence, and some of its inhabitants were killed by the local youth groups (Pemuda).<ref>Meijer, Hans. 'In Indie geworteld, de Geschiedenis van Indische Nederlanders, de twintigste eeuw.' (Publisher Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2004) P.245 Template:ISBN</ref> The instability caused by the Indonesian War of Independence led to several of the original Depok families to flee the town. Many of the surviving families later settled in the Netherlands and various other countries as part of the broader Indo community.<ref>Template:In lang Dutch Depok community Website. Retrieved 20 May 2010. Template:Webarchive</ref>

In March 1982, Depok was reclassified as an administrative city within Bogor Regency. On 20 April 1999, the city of Depok merged with some neighbouring districts of Bogor Regency to form an autonomous city, independent of the Regency, with an area of 199.91 km2.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This date is commemorated as Depok's official establishment date.

Geology and climate

Located in a tropical country, Depok experiences two seasons, namely wet and dry seasons. The former usually happens between June and September, while the latter on October until May.

Depok is situated on a geological basement dominated by alluvial deposits. Gravitational data from ESA-MWT studies indicate variations in subsurface rock density beneath the area, supporting the presence of these deposits.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite journal</ref> The finding has been corroborated by other geological surveys.<ref>Turkandi T, Sidarto, Agustyanto D A and Hadiwijoyo M M P 1992 Geologi Lembar Jakarta dan Kepulauan Seribu, Jawa (bandung: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi)</ref> The alluvial layers are located approximately 0–68 meters above a bedrock formation dating from the Pleistocene epoch.<ref name=":1" />

Two major rivers flow through Depok: the Ciliwung River and the Pesanggrahan River.<ref name="daerahkita.com">Template:Cite web</ref> Depok also has 13 tributaries and 22 lakes spread across districts around the city.

Administration

File:Indonesia Depok City location map.svg
Administration of Depok City

Depok is headed by a mayor, with a legislative assembly. Both the mayor and the members of the legislative assembly are elected by direct vote.

Mayors

  • Mochammad Rukasah Suradimadja (1982–1984)
  • Mochammad Ibid Tamdjid (1984–1988)
  • Abdul Wachyan (1988–1991)
  • Mochammad Masduki (1991–1992)
  • Sofyan Safari Hamim (1992–1996)
  • Badrul Kamal (1997–2005)
  • Nur Mahmudi Ismail (2006–2016)
  • Mohammad Idris (2016–2025)
  • Supian Suri (2025–present)

Administrative districts

The city of Depok is divided into eleven districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census<ref name="Biro Pusat Statistik 2011"/> and the 2020 census,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021"/> together with the official estimates as at mid 2024.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2025"/> The table also includes the number of administrative villages (all classed as urban kelurahan) in each district and its postal codes.

Kode
Wilayah		 Name of
District
(kecamatan)		 Area
in
km2		 Pop'n
census
2010		 Pop'n
census
2020		 Pop'n
estimate
mid 2024		 No.
of
kelurahan		 Post
codes
32.76.01 Pancoran Mas 18.05 210,514 245,000 254,701 6 16431 - 16436
32.76.02 Cimanggis 21.78 241,979 252,000 251,002 6 16451 - 16454
32.76.03 Sawangan 26.07 123,571 178,900 202,456 7 16511 - 16519
32.76.04 Limo 11.89 87,953 115,700 126,167 4 16512 - 16515
32.76.05 Sukmajaya 17.37 232,308 252,500 255,723 6 16411 - 16418
32.76.06 Beji 14.63 165,903 171,700 170,627 6 16421 - 16426
32.76.07 Cipayung 11.375 127,917 171,600 188,488 5 16436 - 16439
32.76.08 Cilodong 15.38 125,014 168,200 184,950 5 16413 - 16415
32.76.09 Cinere 10.53 107,461 101,700 100,988 4 16512 - 16514
32.76.10 Tapos 33.43 216,215 263,400 278,704 7 16451 - 16459
32.76.11 Bojongsari 19.41 99,735 135,700 149,829 7 16516 - 16518
Total city 199.91 1,738,570 2,056,400 2,163,635 63

Demographics

Ethnic groups

File:0211m tarian-lenggang-nyai-betawi.jpg
Lenggang Nyai dance of Betawi people.

The ethnic groups characteristics in the population of Depok are diverse. Based on data from the 2000 Indonesian census, the majority of the Depok population's are Betawi, Javanese, and Sundanese. Significant numbers also come from the Sumatran ethnic groups, namely Batak and Minangkabau. The diversity of ethnic groups in Depok greatly influences the differences in culture and customs of the peoples, where the Betawi people of native Depok and a small number of Sundanese people (not including other ethnic Sundanese immigrants from Parahyangan and Banten) in the eastern part of the city are recognized as the indigenous people of Depok. The following is the population of Depok City based on ethnicity according to data from the 2000 Indonesian census;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

# Ethnic group Pop. %
1 Betawi 390,419 34.20%
2 Javanese 320,770 28.10%
3 Sundanese 292,706 25.65%
4 Batak 32,776 2.87%
5 Minangkabau 26,928 2.36%
6 Chinese 3,383 0.30%
7 Cirebonese 833 0.07%
8 Others 73,601 6.45%
Total 1,141,416 100%

Languages

File:Peta wilayah penggunaan bahasa Sunda di Kota Depok.jpg
Map of the distribution of Sundanese language in Depok. Template:Legend Template:Legend

In Depok there are areas where the majority of the people speak Sundanese language, namely Leuwinanggung, Cimpaeun, and Cilangkap urban villages (kelurahan) in Tapos district.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> There are also several other districts whose people speak Sundanese language, as in Cimanggis and Cilodong.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> However, overall, Betawi language is the regional language most widely used in Depok, namely the Betawi Ora dialect or locally known as bahasa Depok (Template:Lit).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Then, because of the large number of immigrants from all over Indonesia, the lingua franca used is Indonesian language.

Facilities

Shopping and dining

Depok has a growing eclectic collection of malls and traditional markets. Older malls or other notable shopping centers include D'mall Depok, Ciplaz Depok, and SixtyOne Building, and ITC Depok. Depok has many local restaurants and has wide presence of international chains.

Modern-day landmarks that were once known as Depok's primary shopping centers include Ramanda (now an auto shop plus education centre), Hero Supermarket (now Index Home Furnishings) etc.

There are many shopping centers in Depok, such as:

Traditional markets include Pasar Depok Baru, Pasar Depok Lama (short: Pasar Lama), Pasar Kemiri (originally expanded to facilitate the move of Pasar Lama traders), Pasar PAL, Pasar Agung, Pasar Musi, Pasar Cisalak, and Pasar Majapahit.

Parks

Alun Alun Depok or Depok Square is equipped with various sports facilities such as a basketball court, futsal, skateboard, wall climbing, BMX arena, children's playground, fish pond, fountain, and others.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Godongijo Conservation and Education Park is located in Depok. The park provides children and teachers alike the ability to get up close and personal with nature. There are also other children's amusement parks in the city such as Depok Fantasi Waterpark, Taman Pemuda Pratama, and Pondok Zidane.

Education

Depok is a city of education because there are several well-known universities in Indonesia in this city, including:

Depok has several private language schools, namely EF English First, Kinderfield Highfield Depok, International Language Programs (ILP), Lembaga Indonesia Amerika (LIA), The British Institute (TBI), Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia - Amerika (LPIA), and several other small institutions. The location is along Margonda Raya and Cinere Raya, between the main roads that pass through Depok. In the city of Depok there are also Islamic schools including for Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) there are around 72 schools <ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="mtsnkotadepok.sch.id">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="MTs Yapima">Template:Cite news</ref>

Sports

File:Mahakam Stadium.jpg
Mahakam Stadium, homebase of Persikad Depok

Depok is the home town of the Persikad Depok and Dejan FC football team who currently plays in the Liga 3.

Transportation

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Toll road access

KM Toll road Destination
13 Jagorawi Toll Road Cibubur, Cikeas, Cileungsi, Jonggol
28 Jakarta Outer Ring Road Pasar Minggu, Lenteng Agung
16 Cinere-Jagorawi Toll Road Cisalak, Juanda, Margonda
13 Depok–Antasari Toll Road Sawangan, Parung, Ciputat, Serpong, Billabong, Bogor

Public transportation

File:North Entrance Harjamukti LRT Station.jpg
Harjamukti LRT station serves Cibubur Line, part of Jabodebek LRT.

Angkot is the major means of public transportation in Depok. Go-Jek and Grab and taxicabs are easily available. Depok is connected to other areas of greater Jakarta by KRL Commuterline, TransJakarta & Jabodebek LRT. Template:Rws station, Template:Rws station, Template:Rws station, Template:Rws station, Template:Rws station and Template:Rws station of KRL Commuterline commuter train service located within Depok. Commuter train and Light metro is widely used to travel to Jakarta city center and other parts of Greater Jakarta, but is very crowded during peak hours.

Air

Depok is served by Soekarno-Hatta International Airport and Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport. Meanwhile Pondok Cabe Airport is located at South Tangerang in borders with Depok, but does not have regular scheduled air service.

Twin towns – sister cities

Template:See also Depok is twinned with:

See also

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References

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