Desventuradas Islands

Template:Short description Template:Infobox islands The Desventuradas Islands (Template:Langx,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Template:IPA, "Unfortunate Islands" or Islas de los Desventurados, "Islands of the Unfortunate Ones"<ref>ADM - Records of the Admiralty, Naval Forces, Royal Marines, Coastguard, and related bodies; Pacific Ocean: South America, W Coast: Chile: Islas de los Desventurados and Islas Juan Fernandez;</ref>) is a group of four small oceanic islands located Template:Convert off the coast of Chile, northwest of Santiago in the Pacific Ocean.<ref>Template:WWF ecoregion</ref> They are considered part of Insular Chile.

Due to their isolation and difficulty of access there are no civilian settlements on these islands, but a detachment of the Chilean Navy is stationed on Isla San Félix, which also hosts the Template:Convert Isla San Felix Airport.

History

Prehistory

No signs of prehistoric human activity by Polynesians or Indigenous peoples of the Americas have ever been found on the islands, or on the neighboring Juan Fernández Islands.<ref name="press">Template:Cite book</ref> Michael Levinson's 1973 book The Settlement of Polynesia states, "the Juan Fernández Islands and San Felix and San Ambrosio were apparently unoccupied in pre-Columbian times and were not discovered by the Spanish until between 1563 and 1574. There is no evidence available to suggest that they were visited for fishing or other reasons by Amerindians before this."<ref>https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114825/2/b13217963.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF</ref>

Discovery

The islands in the 1775 Olmedilla's map, showing them as part of Chile.

The islands were possibly discovered by Ferdinand Magellan as early as 1521. The first confirmed sighting was by Juan Fernández on 6 November 1574 while voyaging from Callao to Valparaíso.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa wrote in 1579 that "they are now called after St. Felix and St. Ambor (i.e. Felix and Nabor)". However, the name of the martyr Ambor (Nabor) became confused with that of the more famous bishop Saint Ambrose (San Ambrosio).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Brand, Donald D. The Pacific Basin: A History of its Geographical Explorations The American Geographical Society, New York, 1967, p.127.</ref> It is, probably, one of these islands that Captain John Davis struck one night in 1686. He was able to continue his voyage but erroneously reported the position of the incident.<ref name="Labillardière1800">Template:Cite book</ref>

The islands as part of the Kingdom of Chile

The islands are mentioned in an 18th Century book about the geography of the Kingdom of Chile.

The San Félix and San Ambrosio Islands of the Desventuradas Archipelago, as well as Easter Island, are mentioned by the abbot Giovanni Ignazio Molina as part of Chilean territory in his work Compendio de la historia geográfica, natural y civil del reyno de Chile (1788),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and therefore are considered part of the territory inherited by Chile under the principle of uti possidetis iuris.

20th century

San Felix played a part in the Falklands War. In May 1982, the Chilean government allowed an RAF Nimrod R1 to fly signals reconnaissance sorties from the island, gathering information on Argentine Air Force movements.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Ecology

Template:Further Vegetation of the larger islands is a miniature mosaic of matorral, barren rock, various sizes of trees, and shrubs mixed with ferns and perennial herbs. Sonchus laceratus is an endemic shrub species. The large islands, San Félix and San Ambrosio, are home to a critical WWF recognized temperate forest biome.

The marine fauna shares close affinities with the south Pacific and the central Pacific, more so than with the nearing South America. This is partly due to the Humboldt Current, which helps create a powerful biogeographic barrier between these islands and South America.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

There are no permanent sources of fresh water on any of the islands. Vertebrates inhabiting both of the largest islands are limited to birds. Ten species of marine birds and one land bird species, some of them endangered, make their nests on or visit the islands. The island group has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it is a breeding site for large numbers of Masatierra petrels.<ref name=bli>Template:Cite web</ref>

List of islands and location

The Desventuradas Islands, from east to west:

Island/Rock	Area (km2)	Peak Elevation (m)	Geographical Coordinates
San Ambrosio	3.1	479	Template:Coord
San Felix group
Islote González	0.25	173	Template:Coord
San Félix	2	Cerro Amarillo, 193	Template:Coord
Roca Catedral	0.01	53	Template:Coord
Total	5.36	479

See also

• List of islands of Chile
• Insular Chile

External links

• GoogleMaps picture of San Felix island
• Islands of Chile @ United Nations Environment Programme
• World island information @ WorldIslandInfo.com
• South America Island High Points above 1000 meters
• Archipiélago de Las Desventuradas (Spanish)
• United States Hydrographic Office, South America Pilot (1916)