Dhu al-Kifl

Dhu al-Kifl (Template:Langx), also spelled Dhu l-Kifl, Dhul-Kifl, Zu al-Kifl, Zul Kifl, or Zu l-Kifl, is an Islamic prophet. Although his identity is unknown, his identity has been theorised and identified as various Hebrew Bible prophets and other figures, most commonly Ezekiel.<ref>Encyclopedia of Islam, G. Vajda, Dhu al-Kifl</ref><ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":3">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref> Dhu al-Kifl is believed to have been raised by Allah to a high station in life and is chronicled in the Qur'an as a man of the "Company of the Good".<ref>Template:Qref</ref> Although not much is known of Dhu al-Kifl from other historical sources, all the writings from classical commentators, such as Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Kathir, speak of Dhu al-Kifl as a prophetic, saintly man who remained faithful in daily prayer (Template:Langx) and worship (Template:Langx).<ref>Stories of The Prophets, page 299</ref>

A tomb in the Ergani province of Diyarbakir, Turkey is believed by some to be the resting place of Prophet Dhu al-Kifl. It is located 5 km from the city centre on a hill called Makam Dağı.<ref>İnanç ve kültür mirasının gözdesi: Hazreti Zülkifl Makamı (Turkish)ilkha. Posted 17 November 2018.</ref><ref>İNANÇ VE KÜLTÜR MİRASININ GÖZDESİ: HAZRETİ ZÜLKİFL MAKAMI (Turkish) GuneydoguGuncel. Posted 18 November 2018.</ref>

Etymology

The name Dhu al-Kifl literally means "the possessor of Template:Thinspace, using a type of name where ذُو dhū ("possessor of") precedes some characteristically associated feature.<ref>Encyclopedia of Islam, Dhu'l-Kifl</ref> Such names were used of other notable figures in the Quran, for example Dhu al-Qarnayn (Template:Langx), and Dhu al-Nūn (Template:Langx), referring to Yunus. Kifl (Template:Langx) is an archaic Arabic word meaning "double" or "duplicate", from the root ka-fa-la (ك-ف-ل) meaning "to double" or "to fold"; it was also used for a fold of cloth. The name is generally understood to mean "one of a double portion." Some scholars have suggested that the name means "the man with the double recompense" or rather "the man who received recompense twice over",<ref>John Walker takes this viewpoint in Who is Dhul-Kifl?, in MW, xvi, 399–401</ref> that is to say that it is a title for Job, as his family was returned to him according to the Qur'an and the Book of Job.<ref>Job xlii: 10</ref>

In the Qur'an

Dhu al-Kifl has been mentioned twice in the Qur'an, in the following verses: Template:Blockquote

In both cases, Dhu al-Kifl is mentioned in the context of a list of Qur'anic prophets, including many others not mentioned in the ayatayn quoted above.

Identifications

Ezekiel

Islamic depiction of Ezekiel raising the dead with God's help.

Some identify Dhu al-Kifl is Ezekiel. When the exile, monarchy, and state were annihilated, political and national life was no longer possible. In conformity with the two parts of his book, his personality and his preaching are alike, and the title Dhu al-Kifl means "the one to double" or "to fold."

In a story repeated in a fragment from the Cairo Geniza and a work by the 12th century Jewish scholar Moses ben Jacob of Coucy, the tomb of Ezekiel is at al-Kifl and was visited by Jews.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In his Qur'anic commentary, Abdullah Yusuf Ali says: Template:Quote

Al-Kifl is a town in southeastern Iraq on the Euphrates between Najaf and Hillah. Variant names for the shrine within al-Kifl are the Dhu'l Kifl Shrine, Marqad Dhu'l Kifl, Qubbat Dhu'l Kifl, Qabr al-Nabi Dhu al-Kifl, Dhu al-Kifl Shrine, Zul Kifl Shrine, Qabr Hazqiyal, Hazqiyal Shrine. Hazqiyal (Template:Langx) is the Arabic version of the Hebrew name for Ezekiel, which was mostly utilized by Arabic-speaking Sephardic Jews. This indicates that the Jews equated Ezekiel and Dhu al-Kifl, and Muslim exegetes followed suit.

The Iraqi authorities assert that in 1316 (715–16 AH), the Il khan Öljaitü acquired the rights of guardianship over the tomb of Dhu al-Kifl from the Jewish community. Consequently, the shrine was renamed according to the Islamic nomenclature for the same prophet. Öljaitü added to the structure by building a mosque and a minaret and restored the shrine, implementing some alterations made clear by comparing its present state with pre-Ilkhanid travelers' descriptions.

The site remained a Muslim pilgrimage place until the beginning of the nineteenth century, when Menahem ibn Danyal, a wealthy Jew, successfully converted it back to a Jewish site and restored it. The minaret remained as the only witness to its tenure as an Islamic site. Although the mosque and minaret were built in the 14th century, the antiquity of the shrine and grave cannot be determined.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Others

Template:Further Dhu al-Kifl has also been identified variously with Joshua, Obadiah,<ref name=":0">Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran, 38:48 Footnote: "Scholars are in disagreement as to whether Ⱬul-Kifl was a prophet or just a righteous man. Those who maintain that he was a prophet identify him with various Biblical prophets such as Ezekiel, Isaiah, and Obadiah."</ref> Isaiah,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":0" /> and even Gautama Buddha.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":3"/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

• Biblical and Qur'anic narratives
• List of legends in the Qur'an
• Prophets and messengers in Islam
• Qisas al-Anbiya
• Al Kifl

Further reading

• Thalabi, Ara'is al-Madjalis, Cairo edition 1371, 155
• J. Horovitz, Koranische Untersuchungen, 113
• Harawi, K. al-isharat ila ma'rifat al-Ziyarat, ed. J. Sourdel-Thomine, 76
• Guide des lieux de Pelerinage, tans. J. Sourdel-Thomine, 76, Damascus 1957, 174

External links

• Ezekiel (Hizqeel) (edited from The Stories of the Prophets by Ibn Kathir)
• Dhu'l Kifl Shrine