Document (album)

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox album Document is the fifth studio album by American rock band R.E.M., released on September 1, 1987, by I.R.S. Records. It was their first album to be co-produced by the band and Scott Litt. Continuing in the vein of their previous album Lifes Rich Pageant, Document features more audible lyrics and a harder rock sound in comparison to the band's earlier releases. The album became R.E.M.'s greatest success at the time, giving the band their first Top 10 hit ("The One I Love") and album, peaking at number 10 on the Billboard 200.<ref name="Billboard 200"/>

Composition

Document was R.E.M.'s first album with producer Scott Litt, with whom they worked for the next decade.

Document was R.E.M.'s first album to be co-produced by the band and Scott Litt; this was a collaboration that continued through the productions of Green, Out of Time, Automatic for the People, Monster, and New Adventures in Hi-Fi. The album's clear production and muscular rock riffs both helped to move the band toward mainstream success and built on the work done by Don Gehman, who had produced their previous album Lifes Rich Pageant. This release not only launched "The One I Love" — R.E.M.'s first Top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 9 — but also gave them their first platinum album.

R.E.M. expanded their instrumentation somewhat on the album, adding a dulcimer to "King of Birds" and a saxophone to "Fireplace".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Steve Berlin was brought in to add his saxophone skills because of a prior relationship with producer Scott Litt.<ref name="berlin">Template:Cite web</ref> This experimentation would lead to their adoption of the mandolin, which featured prominently on their subsequent albums Green and Out of Time; furthermore, the band's musicians began swapping instruments both in concert and the studio with an effort to create new sounds and avoid stagnation.<ref name= "green">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

The song "Strange" was originally recorded by post-punk band Wire on their debut album Pink Flag.

Packaging

The original sleeve for the album featured the message "File under Fire", a reference to what Michael Stipe considered to be the central lyrical theme of the album, and also references the chorus to "The One I Love".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A similar message ("File under water") could be found on the cover of the band's second album, Reckoning, as well as on the compilation album Eponymous ("File under grain") referring to the idea behind "Talk About the Passion", which was about hunger.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Two rejected suggestions for the title of the album—R.E.M. No. 5 and Table of Content—also appear on the sleeve artwork.<ref>R.E.M. in Time: The Story Behind Every Song, Craig Rosen, 1997</ref> Other possible album titles included Mr. Evil Breakfast, Skin Up with R.E.M., and Last Train to Disneyland (the last one having been suggested by Peter Buck, who felt that America under the presidency of Ronald Reagan was beginning to feel a lot like the famed amusement park).<ref>Reveal: The Story of R.E.M., Johnny Black, 2004</ref>

Critical reception

In a contemporary review for The Village Voice, Robert Christgau said that R.E.M. had moved on from their past work's escapism and that "their discovery of the outside world has sharpened their sense of humor along with everything else", citing "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)" as an "inspirational title".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rolling Stone reviewer David Fricke felt that the album was R.E.M.'s "finest to date", and said that "Document is the sound of R.E.M. on the move".<ref name="Rolling Stone review"/>

Los Angeles Times critic Chris Willman complimented the diversity of the music and themes, observing, "Document is a tougher, meaner, leaner record than its immediate predecessors—replacing the jangly, sprightly, romantic sound the band became known for with a far more hard-edged guitar sound, as well as tenser rock rhythms. It's predictably cryptic indeed at times, but the opaque mystery that was so enticingly R.E.M. has been largely replaced here with something more definite and immediately tangible."<ref name="LAT"/>

UncutTemplate:'s Andrew Mueller praised Document in a retrospective review, saying, "If 1986's Lifes Rich Pageant had marked the beginnings of R.E.M.'s emergence from their cocoon of indie diffidence, 1987's Document was where they first properly reconciled themselves to their destiny as the only group of the 1980s American college-rock milieu to graduate to stadiums, and stay there."<ref name="Uncut"/> David Browne of Entertainment Weekly observed, "The record that gave R.E.M. a top 10 hit ('The One I Love') mostly does no more than consolidate their strengths but has moments of undeniable power and the most sardonic apocalypse ever recorded, 'It's the End of the World as We Know It (and I Feel Fine).'"<ref name="EW"/> Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic said that "where Lifes Rich Pageant sounded a bit like a party record, Document is a fiery statement, and its memorable melodies and riffs are made all the more indelible by its righteous anger."<ref name="AllMusic"/>

Rolling Stone went on to include Document in their list of the 100 greatest albums of the 1980s (in 41st place), and then ranked it number 462 on 2012 list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.<ref name="500-greatest">Template:Cite web</ref> In 2012, Slant Magazine listed the album at number 17 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Reissue

In 1999, the album was remastered by Bob Ludwig and re-released on Compact Disc by I.R.S. Records in the United States. This version came in a replica of the record sleeve made of cardboard. In 2005, Capitol Records (whose then parent company EMI at that time owned I.R.S. Records' catalog) issued an expanded DualDisc edition of Document which includes a digitally remastered version of the album on the CD side, a DVD-Audio, DTS and Dolby Digital 5.1-channel surround sound mix of the album done by Elliot Scheiner on the DVD side, and the original CD booklet.Template:Citation needed

Track listing

All songs were written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe, except "Strange" by Bruce Gilbert, Graham Lewis, Colin Newman, Robert Grey.

Side one – "Page side"

1. "Finest Worksong" – 3:48
2. "Welcome to the Occupation" – 2:46
3. "Exhuming McCarthy" – 3:19
4. "Disturbance at the Heron House" – 3:31
5. "Strange" – 2:31
6. "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)" – 4:06

Side two – "Leaf side"

7. "The One I Love" – 3:17
8. "Fireplace" – 3:22
9. "Lightnin' Hopkins" – 3:20
10. "King of Birds" – 4:09
11. "Oddfellows Local 151" – 5:21

Personnel

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2 Sources:<ref>Template:Cite AV media notes</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

R.E.M.

• Bill Berry – drums, vocals
• Peter Buck – guitar
• Mike Mills – bass, vocals
• Michael Stipe – vocals

Template:Col-2 Additional musicians

• Steve Berlin – horns
• Carl Marsh – Fairlight CMI

Production Template:Div col

• Scott Litt – production
• R.E.M. – production
• Steve Catania – engineering
• Tom Der – engineering
• Toni Greene – engineering
• Gary Laney – engineering
• Ted Pattison – engineering
• Todd Scholar – engineering
• Bob Ludwig – mastering at Masterdisk, New York City, New York, United States; remastered at Gateway Mastering, Portland, Maine, United States in June 1999
• Elliot Scheiner – mixing on 2005 re-release
• Jim McKay – photography
• Michael Meister – photography
• Sandra-Lee Phipps – photography
• Ron Scarselli – packaging

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Album

Year	Chart	Peak position	Weeks on chart
1987	Billboard 200	10<ref name="Billboard 200">Template:Cite magazine</ref>	33<ref name=allmawards>Template:Cite web</ref>
1987	UK Albums Chart	28	5<ref name=occ>Template:Cite web</ref>
1987	Australia (Kent Music Report)	47	9<ref name=kent>Template:Cite book N.B. The Kent Report chart was licensed by ARIA between 1983 and June 19, 1988.</ref>

Singles

Year	Song	Chart	Position
1987	"It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)"	Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks	16<ref name=allmawards />
1987	"It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)"	Billboard Hot 100	69<ref name=allmawards />
1987	"The One I Love"	Billboard Hot 100	9<ref name=allmawards />
1988	"The One I Love"	Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks	2<ref name=allmawards />
1988	"Finest Worksong"	Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks	28<ref name=allmawards />
1988	"Finest Worksong"	UK Singles Chart	50<ref name=occ />
1988	"The One I Love"	UK Singles Chart	51<ref name=occ />
1991	"The One I Love"	UK Singles Chart	16<ref name=occ />
1991	"It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)"	UK Singles Chart	39<ref name=occ />

Certifications and sales

Organization	Level	Date
RIAA – US	Gold	November 2, 1987<ref name=riaagold>Template:Cite web</ref>
RIAA – US	Platinum	January 25, 1988<ref name=riaagold />
BPI – UK	Gold	July 22, 2013<ref name=bpigold>Template:Cite web</ref>

Release history

Region	Date	Label	Format	Catalog
United States	Template:Dts	I.R.S.	vinyl LP	IRS-42059
			Compact Disc	IRSD-42059
			cassette tape	IRSC-42059
United Kingdom	Template:Dts	I.R.S.	LP	IRLD 19144/MIRG1025
Australia	Template:Dts	I.R.S.	LP	460105 1
Brazil	Template:Dts	Epic	LP	231111
Greece	Template:Dts	I.R.S./CBS	LP	ILP-460105 1
Japan	Template:Dts	I.R.S.	LP	28AP-3382
The Netherlands	Template:Dts	I.R.S.	LP	ILP-460105 1
Zimbabwe	Template:Dts	CBS	LP	ASF-3174
Worldwide	Template:Dts	MCA	Compact Disc	42059
		I.R.S.	cassette tape	IRSC-42059
Worldwide	Template:Dts	Universal	Compact Disc	19144
The Netherlands	Template:Dts	I.R.S.	Compact Disc	7 13200 2 6†
Brazil	Template:Dts	EMI	Compact Disc	7 13200-2
Worldwide	Template:Dts	EMI	Compact Disc	1508
United Kingdom	Template:Dts	I.R.S.	LP	0777/CTMCD 337†
Worldwide	Template:Dts	EMI	Compact Disc	337
Worldwide	Template:Dts	Capitol	Compact Disc	93480
Worldwide	Template:Dts	Capitol	Compact Disc	21276
United States	Template:Dts	I.R.S.	LP	724349946613-4
			Compact Disc	72435-21276-2-7‡
Europe	Template:Dts	EMI	Compact Disc	13200†
United States	Template:Dts	EMI	LP	499466
United States	Template:Dts	Capitol	DVD-Audio	90149•
United States	Template:Dts	Capitol	DualDisc	99398•
United States	Template:Dts	Capitol	LP	220591
United States	Template:Dts	Capitol / EMI	Compact Disc	5099997200628††

Notes

• †I.R.S. Vintage Years edition, with bonus tracks
• ‡Compact Disc remastered edition
• •DualDisc remastered edition
• †† 25th anniversary edition, with bonus disc
• A truncated edition of Document was also issued on Armed Forces Radio—catalogue number P-24576—with "Finest Worksong", "Welcome to the Occupation", "Fireplace", "Lightnin' Hopkins", and "King of Birds" on one side and tracks from Pink Floyd's A Momentary Lapse of Reason on the other.

Further reading

• Template:Cite book

External links

• R.E.M.HQ on Document
• Template:AllMusic (I.R.S. Vintage Years edition)
• Template:AllMusic (DualDisc edition)
• Template:MusicBrainz release group