Dolcetto

Dolcetto (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell,<ref>Template:Cite American Heritage Dictionary</ref><ref>Template:Cite Merriam-Webster</ref> Template:IPA) is a black Italian wine grape variety widely grown in the Piedmont region of northwest Italy. The Italian word dolcetto means "little sweet one", but it is not certain that the name originally carried any reference to the grape’s sugar levels: it is possible that it derives from the name of the hills where the vine is cultivated.<ref name="Roccabruna"/> In any case the wines produced are nearly always dry. They can be tannic and fruity with moderate,<ref name="Clarke pg 86"/> or decidedly low,<ref name="Roccabruna"/> levels of acidity and are typically meant to be consumed within a few years after release.<ref name="Clarke pg 86">O. Clarke Encyclopedia of Grapes pg 86 Harcourt Books 2001 Template:ISBN</ref>

History

One theory suggests the grape originated in France and was brought to Monferrato sometime in the 11th century.<ref name="Robinson pg 209">J. Robinson Vines, Grapes & Wines pg 209 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 1986 Template:ISBN</ref> A competing theory has the grape originating in the Piedmontese village of Dogliani.<ref name="MacNeil pg 332">K. MacNeil The Wine Bible pg 332 Workman Publishing 2001 Template:ISBN</ref> In 1593, an ordinance of the municipality of Dogliani which forbade the harvesting of Template:Lang grapes earlier than Saint Matthew's Day, unless an exceptional authorization had been granted, has been taken to refer to this variety, which is still known in local dialects under the names Template:Lang and Template:Lang.<ref name="Comune di Dogliani">‘Dolcetto di Dogliani: Il principe dei vini doglianesi’ Template:Webarchive, Comune di Dogliani, 2004.</ref><ref name="ctbbalr">‘Dolcetto’ Template:Webarchive, Consorzio di tutela Barolo Barbaresco Alba Langhe e Roero.</ref> A document of 1633 records the presence of Dolcetto in the cellars of the Arboreo family of Valenza.<ref name="Roccabruna">‘Il Dolcetto’ Template:Webarchive, Associazione italiana sommeliers: Sezione territoriale Trentino. A report of a presentation given by Roberto Perrici in Trento at the Palazzo Roccabruna on 27 February 2007.</ref> In 1700, Barnabà Centurione sent the wine as a gift to Queen Anne of Great Britain.<ref name="ctbbalr"/><ref>Barnabà Centurione was marquis of Morsasco where Dolcetto di Ovada is still produced today. See ‘Morsasco’, Alessandria: 190 Comuni, Provincia di Alessandria, Dipartimento Economia e Sviluppo</ref>

Along with the French grape Chatus, Dolcetto is a parent variety to several Piedmontese grapes including Valentino nero, Passus and San Martino.<ref>J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours pgs 1110-1111 Allen Lane 2012 Template:ISBN</ref>

Regions

Dolcetto vine leaf

Pio Cesare Dolcetto d'Alba 1982

Most Dolcetto is found in the Piedmont region of northwest Italy, where many of the top estates produce Dolcetto on less-favoured sites as an "early to market wine" to generate some income for the winery while the Nebbiolo and Barbera are being matured.<ref name="Oxford pg 233">J. Robinson "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition pg 233 Oxford University Press 2006 Template:ISBN</ref> It is particularly associated with the towns of Dogliani and Diano d'Alba in the province of Cuneo, although the greatest volumes come from around Alba and Ovada. The grape is also found in Liguria under the name Ormeasco, and in the Oltrepò Pavese where it is called Nebbiolo or Nibièu.<ref name="Clarke pg 86"/><ref name="AiP"/>

Of the 100% Dolcetto DOCs, all but one have two levels, the "standard" version typically requiring a minimum 11.5% ABV, and the Superiore at 12.5% ABV.<ref name="DOClist">Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> They are Dolcetto di Dogliani (DOCG since 2005), Dolcetto d'Acqui, Dolcetto d'Alba, Dolcetto d'Asti, Dolcetto delle Langhe Monregalesi (integrated to Dogliani DOCG in 2011), Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba and Dolcetto d'Ovada. Only Langhe Dolcetto has no Superiore variety.<ref name="DOClist"/> Of the blended wines, Riviera Ligure di Ponente Ormeasco requires a minimum of 95% Dolcetto/Ormeasco; Colli Tortonesi Dolcetto, Monferrato Dolcetto and Pineronese Dolcetto a minimum of 85%, and Valsusa a minimum of 60%.<ref name="DOClist"/> Golfo Del Tigullio can be between 20-70%, while Lago di Corbara and Rosso Orvietano contain less than 20% Dolcetto.<ref name="DOClist"/>

Outside of Italy, Dolcetto is known as Douce Noire in Savoie and Charbono in California.<ref name="Clarke pg 86"/> However, DNA fingerprinting done at the University of California, Davis has shown that the actual Douce Noire and Charbono vines are not, in fact, Dolcetto, but two different vines.<ref name="Oxford pg 233"/> In spite of this confirmation, some plantings of true Dolcetto vines still retain the local synonyms in some areas of Savoie and California.<ref name="Clarke pg 86"/>

The grape was first brought to California by expatriate Italians, and is most popular in Lodi AVA, Mendocino County, Russian River Valley AVA, Napa Valley AVA, Santa Cruz Mountains AVA, Sta. Rita Hills AVA, and Santa Barbara County. The Dolcetto grape is gaining popularity in the Washington State Lake Chelan AVA (C R Sandidge Wines Purtteman Estate vineyard). There are also some plantings in the Oregon AVAs of Umpqua Valley AVA and Southern Oregon AVA, Michigan's Leelanau Peninsula AVA (Ciccone Vineyard & Winery), as well as the statewide appellations of New Mexico and Pennsylvania.<ref>Appellation America Dolcetto Details Template:Webarchive</ref> Dolcetto is also being produced in the Texas Hill Country with great results as well.

Australia is home to the oldest current plantings of Dolcetto, with vines dating back to the 1860s.<ref name="Clarke pg 86"/>

Dogliani DOCG

Dogliani, and Dogliani Superiore are Italian red wines produced in the Langhe using only the Dolcetto grape variety. The wines were recognized as DOC in 1974 under the name Dolcetto di Dogliani. In 2005, the original DOC was revoked and gradually replaced by a DOCG named Dogliani. The yield of grapes is restricted to eight metric tons per hectare for Dogliani and seven for Dogliani Superiore. Furthermore, to qualify for Superiore status, the wines must be aged for at least one year. The vineyards are restricted to the hilly areas within the boundaries of the communes of Bastia Mondovì, Belvedere Langhe, Briaglia, Castellino Tanaro, Cigliè, Clavesana, Dogliani, Farigliano, Igliano, Marsaglia, Monchiero, Niella Tanaro, Piozzo and Rocca Cigliè, plus parts of the communes of Carrù, Mondovì, Murazzano, Roddino, San Michele Mondovì, Somano and Vicoforte. <ref>Disciplinare di produzione dei vini a denominazione di origine controllata e garantita “Dogliani”[1] April 17, 2015.</ref>

Wines

A Dolcetto d'Alba from Piedmont

Dolcetto wines are known for black cherry and liquorice with some prune flavours, and a characteristically bitter finish reminiscent of almonds. While the name implies sweetness, the wines are normally dry. The tannic nature of the grape contributes to a characteristic bitter finish.<ref name="Clarke pg 86"/> The dark purple skin of Dolcetto grapes has high amounts of anthocyanins, which require only a short maceration time with the skin to produce a dark-coloured wine. The amount of skin contact affects the resulting tannin levels in the wine, with most winemakers preferring to limit maceration time to as short as possible.<ref name="Clarke pg 87">O. Clarke Encyclopedia of Grapes pg 87 Harcourt Books 2001 Template:ISBN</ref> During fermentation, the wine is prone to the wine fault of reduction.<ref name="Oxford pg 233"/>

Food pairing

Overall, Dolcetto is considered a light easy drinking red wine that pairs well with pastas and pizza dishes.<ref>Per-Henrik Mansson "Light Makes Right Template:Webarchive" Wine Spectator October 31, 1995</ref>

Synonyms and homonyms

Acqui, Barbirono, Bathiolin, Batialin, Beina, Bignola, Bignona, Bignonia, Bignonina, Bourdon Noir, Cassolo, Charbonneau, Charbono, Chasselas Noir, Cote Rouge Merille, Crete de Coq, Debili Rifosk, Dolcedo Rotstieliger, Dolceto, Dolcetta Nera, Dolcetto A Raspe Verde, Dolcetto A Raspo Rosso, Dolcetto Nero, Dolcetto Piemontese, Dolchetto, Dolcino Nero, Dolciut, Dolsin, Dolsin Raro, Dolzin, Dolzino, Dosset, Gros Noir de Montelimar, Gros Plant, Maennlicher Refosco, Mauvais Noir, Montelimar, Monteuse, Montmelian, Mosciolino, Nebbiolo (dialect Nibièu, in the Tortonese and the hills of the Oltrepò Pavese<ref name="AiP">‘Vitigno Dolcetto’ Template:Webarchive, Agricoltura in Piemonte: Vini, Regione Piemonte.</ref>) Nera Dolce, Nibio, Noirin D'Espagne, Nord Du Lot Et Garonne, Ocanette, Orincasca, Ormeasca (at Ormea and Pieve di Teco<ref name="AiP"/>), Ormeasco (Liguria), Picot Rouge, Plant de Calarin, Plant de Chapareillan, Plant de Moirans, Plant de Montmelian, Plant de Provence, Plant de Savoie, Plant de Turin, Plant du Roi, Premasto, Primaticcio, Primitivo Nero, Promotico, Provençal, Ravanellino, Refork, Refork Debeli, Refork Male, Refosk Debeli, Rotstieliger Dolcedo, Savoyard, Turin, Turino, Uva d'Acqui, Uva d'Acquia, Uva del Monferrato, Uva di Ovada, Uva di Roccagrimalda,<ref name="VIVC">Template:Cite web</ref> and Dolsin Nero.<ref name="Robinson pg 209"/>

The Dolcetto di Boca, grown in Novara, is quite distinct while the rare Piedmontese Dolcetto Bianco is an unrelated white grape.<ref name="AiP"/>

See also

• Negroamaro - a similar grape from Apulia
• List of Italian grape varieties

External links

• VIVC passport date
• Template:Cite web From the official site of the Piedmont region.
• J. Suckling "Overlooked Treasures: Dolcetto, Italy Template:Webarchive" Wine Spectator September 26, 2001
• Dolcetto d'Alba DOC Vintage Chart
• Dolcetto Food Pairing