EBow
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The EBow is an electronic device used for playing string instruments, most often the electric guitar. It was invented by the American guitarist Greg Heet in 1969 and introduced in 1976. The EBow uses a pickup and a magnetic feedback circuit to vibrate strings without touching them, allowing players to sustain notes indefinitely.
History
The EBow was invented in 1969 by the American guitarist Greg Heet and introduced in 1976 at the NAMM trade show.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It has remained in continuous production since.<ref name="Gill-2023" /> The first version was activated by plucking the guitar string. The second, introduced in 1983, added an on/off switch and a more powerful drive. The third, introduced in 1989, had improved sensitivity and faster attack. The EBow Plus, introduced in 1998, adds a blue LED and a switch to allow users to move between normal and harmonic modes (which sounds one octave higher).<ref name="Gill-2023">Template:Cite web</ref> The EBow is powered by a nine-volt battery.<ref name="White-2020">Template:Cite web</ref>
Function
The EBow uses a pickup and a magnetic feedback circuit to vibrate strings without touching them. Whereas guitars traditionally have fast attack and slow release, meaning notes ring immediately and then fade out, the EBow can sustain notes indefinitely and gives greater control over attack and decay.<ref name="Gill-2023" /> The EBow can only play one string at a time, but can be moved across the strings to play arpeggios.<ref name="White-2020" /> It can produce sounds similar to cello or violin.<ref name="Gill-2023" />
Use
The EBow was particularly popular in 1980s music, used by acts such as Big Country, Tones on Tail, Love and Rockets and Bill Nelson.<ref name="Gill-2023" /> The Love and Rockets guitarist Daniel Ash said the EBow "changed everything for me ... [It] basically turns the guitar into a keyboard ... It completely opened up the sound of the guitar."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The EBow has been used to create background textures or sustained notes similar to guitar feedback, as in "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" (1976) by Blue Öyster Cult and "Heaven Beside You" (1996) by Alice in Chains.<ref name="Gill-2023" /> It was used by the U2 guitarist the Edge on the 1983 album The Unforgettable Fire and by Noel Gallagher on the 1996 Oasis song "Don't Look Back in Anger".<ref name="Gill-2023" /> Though Robert Fripp did not use an EBow on the studio version of the 1977 David Bowie song "Heroes", many guitarists have used one to replicate the sound in live performances.<ref name="Duxson-2024" /> R.E.M. used the EBow extensively on their 1996 single "E-Bow the Letter".<ref name="Duxson-2024" />
The EBow was prominently used by the Siouxsie and the Banshees guitarist John McGeoch on "Sin in My Heart", from the 1981 album Juju.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The EBow is used by the Radiohead guitarist Ed O'Brien for performances of songs such as "My Iron Lung", "Talk Show Host", "Jigsaw Falling Into Place", "Where I End and You Begin" and "Nude".<ref name="Duxson-2024">Template:Cite web</ref> Other users include Duran Duran, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Van Halen, Metallica and the Foo Fighters.<ref name="Gill-2023" /> The Canadian-American ambient rock band Vision Eternel uses an EBow on nearly all their songs.<ref name="NewNoiseMagazineInterview2021">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ReGenMagazineInterview2024">Template:Cite web</ref>