Edward F. Cline
Template:Short description Template:For
Template:Infobox person Edward Francis Cline (November 4, 1891 – May 22, 1961) was an American screenwriter, actor, writer and director best known for his work with comedians W.C. Fields and Buster Keaton. He was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin and died in Hollywood, California.
Career
Cline began working for Mack Sennett's Keystone Studios in 1914 and supported Charlie Chaplin in some of the shorts he made at the studio. At one time he claimed credit for having come up with the idea for the Sennett Bathing Beauties.<ref name="Curtis 405">Template:Cite book</ref> When Buster Keaton began making his own shorts, after having worked with Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle for years, he hired Cline as his co-director.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In Keaton's short films Cline and Keaton himself were the only two regular gag men.<ref>Meade, p. 134.</ref> For Keaton's 1921 short Hard Luck, Cline is credited with originating Keaton's personal favorite gag from his films. At the end of the film, Keaton dives into a swimming pool which has been emptied of water. Years later, he emerges from the hole which his fall created, accompanied by a Chinese wife and two small Chinese-American children.<ref>Meade, p. 104.</ref> Besides working on most of Keaton's early shorts, Cline co-directed Keaton's first feature, Three Ages (1923).<ref name="Curtis 405"/>
Although he worked mostly in comedy, Cline directed some melodramas and the musical Leathernecking (1930), Irene Dunne's film debut.<ref name="Curtis 405"/>
Cline began his association with W.C. Fields in the 1932 Paramount film Million Dollar Legs. The film had several veterans of Mack Sennett's Keystone films, including Andy Clyde, Ben Turpin, and Hank Mann. Producer Herman J. Mankiewicz recalled of Cline, "He was very much of the old, old comedy school. He didn't know what was happening in Million Dollar Legs. At all. But he enjoyed doing it, because he had Andy Clyde. And Ben Turpin. And Bill Fields."<ref>Curtis, p. 241.</ref>
During troubles with the shooting of Fields's 1939 film You Can't Cheat an Honest Man, largely resulting from Fields's clashes with director George Marshall, Fields managed to put Cline in the director's chair. Co-star Constance Moore remembered "Before Mr. Fields did the famous Ping-Pong scene he wanted Mr. Cline. He said 'I've worked with Cline. He knows my work.' He first put out his feelers. Then he started asking for Cline. Then he demanded him..."<ref>Curtis, pp. 384-385.</ref> Cline's work on the film lasted 10 days during which he shot the party scene containing the ping pong game.<ref>Curtis, pp. 386-387.</ref>
As director of My Little Chickadee (1940), Cline's desire that the actors follow the script caused some difficulties with Fields until Cline finally submitted to Fields's tendency to ad-lib. Cline objected to the ad-libbing because it caused the crew to laugh, and Cline's own laughter necessitated a quick cut at the end of one of Fields's barroom scenes.<ref name="Curtis 407"/>
Cline directed Fields's last two starring films, The Bank Dick (1940) and Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (1941). Recalling their work together, Cline said that Fields chose him to direct his films because he was the only person in Hollywood who knew "less about making movies" than Fields himself.<ref name="Curtis 407">Curtis, p. 407.</ref> Assistant director Edward Montagne remembered, "Fields and Cline were basically the same type. They both had great comedy sense... With actors, if he thought they were on the right track, he'd let them go."<ref name="Curtis 407"/>
Universal Pictures, which had hired Cline to direct Fields, released Fields in 1941 but retained Cline, signing him to a new contract. Cline directed many of the studio's musical comedies, starring Gloria Jean, The Ritz Brothers, and Olsen and Johnson. He was dismissed, along with other directors, producers, and actors, when new owners took over the studio in 1945. Cline moved over to Monogram Pictures, directing and/or writing the studio's "Jiggs and Maggie" comedies. The last one, in 1950, was co-directed by veteran William Beaudine.
Television
Cline became a pioneer in television when his old crony, Buster Keaton, became one of the first movie comedians to succeed in the new medium. Keaton and Cline collaborated on two of Keaton's series.
Comic bandleader Spike Jones was famous for using wild visual gags in his band's performances, and his television show required even more material. Jones found an ideal resource in Eddie Cline, whose knack for comedy (and long memory for old sight gags) made him a valuable assistant. Cline remained in Jones's employ well into the 1950s.
Personal life
In 1913, Cline became engaged to Minnie Elizabeth Matheis, aged 18, who previously had been engaged three times in three months.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> They married on March 6, 1916.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1918, they had a daughter, named Elizabeth Normand; Minnie contracted an infection in childbirth and died four days later.<ref name="Buster Keaton's Crew">Template:Cite book</ref>
In 1919, Cline married Beatrice Altman. They had no children.<ref name="Buster Keaton's Crew"/> She died in 1949.<ref name="ReferenceA">Template:Cite book</ref>
Cline died of cirrhosis in 1961.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
In popular culture
One of the two detective characters in The X-Files episode "Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose", is named after him. Just like how the title of the episode itself is named after Clyde Bruckman.
Partial filmography
Cline is credited as director unless noted. He directed nearly 60 Mack Sennett comedies between 1914 and 1933.<ref name="Walker Bio">Template:Cite book</ref>
| Year | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1914 | Template:Sortname | Short film; actor only<ref name="BFI">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| 1916 | His Bread and Butter | Short film<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1920 | One Week | Short film; also screenwriter<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1920 | Convict 13 | Short film; also screenwriter, actor<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1920 | Neighbors | Short film; also screenwriter and actor<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1920 | Template:Sortname | Short film; also screenwriter<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1921 | Template:Sortname | Short film; also screenwriter and actor<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1921 | Hard Luck | Short film; also screenwriter<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1921 | The High Sign | Short film; also screenwriter<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1921 | Template:Sortname | Short film; actor only<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1921 | Template:Sortname | Short film; also screenwriter<ref name="BFI"/> and actor |
| 1921 | Template:Sortname | Short film; also screenwriter and actor<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1922 | Template:Sortname | Short film; also screenwriter<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1922 | Cops | Short film; also screenwriter and actor<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1922 | My Wife's Relations | Short film; also screenwriter and actor<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1922 | Template:Sortname | Short film; also screenwriter<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1922 | Template:Sortname | Short film; also screenwriter<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1922 | Daydreams | Short film; also screenwriter and actor<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1923 | Template:Sortname | Short film; also screenwriter<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1923 | Template:Sortname | Short film; also screenwriter<ref name="BFI"/> |
| 1923 | Circus Days | <ref name="AFI">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| 1923 | Three Ages | Co-director (with Buster Keaton)<ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1923 | Template:Sortname | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1924 | When a Man's a Man | |
| 1924 | Captain January | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1924 | Little Robinson Crusoe | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1924 | Along Came Ruth | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1925 | Template:Sortname | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1925 | Old Clothes | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1926 | Flirty Four-Flushers | |
| 1927 | Let It Rain | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1927 | Soft Cushions | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1929 | Template:Sortname | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1930 | Leathernecking | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1930 | Hook, Line and Sinker | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1931 | Cracked Nuts | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1932 | Million Dollar Legs | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1934 | Peck's Bad Boy | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1934 | Template:Sortname | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1935 | When a Man's a Man | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1935 | It's a Great Life | |
| 1937 | Forty Naughty Girls | |
| 1939 | You Can't Cheat an Honest Man | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1940 | My Little Chickadee | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1940 | Template:Sortname | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1941 | Never Give a Sucker an Even Break | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1942 | What's Cookin'? | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1942 | Give Out, Sisters | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1942 | Behind the Eight Ball | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1943 | Crazy House | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1944 | Hat Check Honey | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1944 | Ghost Catchers | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1945 | Penthouse Rhythm | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1946 | Bringing up Father | <ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1947 | Jiggs and Maggie in Society | Also screenwriter<ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1947 | Jiggs and Maggie in Court | Also screenwriter<ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1949 | Jiggs and Maggie in Jackpot Jitters | Screenwriter only<ref name="AFI"/> |
| 1950 | Jiggs and Maggie Out West | Co-director (with William Beaudine) and screenwriter<ref name="AFI"/> |
References
Further reading
- Jordan R. Young (2005). Spike Jones Off the Record: The Man Who Murdered Music (3rd edition). Albany: BearManor Media. Template:ISBN.
- Scott MacGillivray and Jan MacGillivray (2005). Gloria Jean: A Little Bit of Heaven. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse. Template:ISBN.
- Lisle Foote (2014). Buster Keaton's Crew: The Team Behind His Silent Films Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc.. Template:ISBN.
External links
- 1891 births
- 1961 deaths
- American comedy film directors
- American male screenwriters
- American male film actors
- American male silent film actors
- Male actors from Kenosha, Wisconsin
- 20th-century American male actors
- Film directors from Wisconsin
- Screenwriters from Wisconsin
- 20th-century American male writers
- 20th-century American screenwriters