Efrem Zimbalist Jr.

Efrem Zimbalist Jr. (November 30, 1918 – May 2, 2014) was an American actor best known for his starring roles in the television series 77 Sunset Strip and The F.B.I. He is also known as recurring character "Dandy Jim Buckley" in the series Maverick and as the voice of Alfred Pennyworth in the DC Animated Universe.

Early life

Zimbalist was born on November 30, 1918 in Brooklyn, to Jewish immigrants Efrem Zimbalist (1889–1985), a famous Russian-born violinist and symphony conductor,Template:Sfn and Alma Gluck (1884–1938), an equally famous Romanian-born operatic soprano.<ref name="nytimes">Template:Cite news</ref> He had an older sister, Mary (1915–2008),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> along with a half-sister from his mother's first marriage, author Marcia Davenport (1903–1996).<ref>Marston Records bio of Alma Gluck Template:Webarchive</ref> His stepmother was Mary Louise Curtis, the founder of the Curtis Institute of Music. Both parents converted to Anglican Christianity and regularly attended the Episcopal Church. Zimbalist Jr. attended Fay School in Southborough, Massachusetts.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Zimbalist boarded at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, taking part in school plays. He briefly attended Yale University but was expelled, reinstated and expelled a second time on account of low grades.<ref name="nytimes"/> He moved back to New York City in 1936 to work as a page for NBC radio where he had small on-air roles as well as presenting shows. He furthered his acting training at Neighborhood Playhouse<ref>Hayward, Anthony. (May 5, 2014) "Efrem Zimbalist Jr : Actor who made his name as a suave private detective in '77 Sunset Strip' and a federal agent in 'The FBI'", The Independent; retrieved February 21, 2018.</ref> before serving in the United States Army during World War II, where he became friends with writer and director Garson Kanin.Template:Citation needed

Military service

Zimbalist was drafted in 1941.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Inducted into the United States Army, he completed his initial training at Fort Dix, New Jersey.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Selected for officer candidate school, after graduation in 1943 he received his commission as a second lieutenant of Infantry.<ref name="Octofoil">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref> Zimbalist was assigned as a platoon leader in Company L, 3rd Battalion, 60th Infantry Regiment, 9th Infantry Division and participated in combat in Europe following the Normandy landings.<ref name="Octofoil"/> He was discharged at the end of the war, and his awards and decorations included the Bronze Star Medal and Combat Infantryman Badge, in addition to the Purple Heart he received for a shrapnel wound to his leg during the battle of Hürtgen Forest.<ref name="Octofoil"/>

Career

Early career

Following the war, Zimbalist returned to New York and made his Broadway acting debut in The Rugged Path,<ref name="Path"/>Template:Sfn starring Spencer Tracy. This led to a stage career as both actor and producer. His producing successes included bringing three Gian Carlo Menotti operas to Broadway, one of which, The Consul,<ref name="Consul"/> won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1950.

In 1954–1955, he co-starred in his first television series, Concerning Miss Marlowe.Template:Sfn

Warner Bros. star

File:Andra Martin Efrem Zimbalist Jr. 77 Sunset Strip 1960.JPG

Andra Martin and Zimbalist in 77 Sunset Strip, 1960

File:Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. 77 Sunset Strip 1963.JPG

Zimbalist in 77 Sunset Strip, 1963

In 1956, Zimbalist was put under contract by Warner Bros. and moved to Hollywood.<ref name="My Dinner of Herbs"/> Zimbalist's first recurring role in a Warner Bros. Television series was as roguish gambler "Dandy Jim Buckley" on Maverick, opposite James Garner in 1957, and making five appearances as the character. In 1958, Zimbalist played the co-lead Stuart "Stu" Bailey in 77 Sunset Strip, a popular detective series running until 1964.

During this period, he made several concurrent appearances in other Warner Bros. television shows, such as Hawaiian Eye, The Alaskans, and Bronco. He also starred as the lead in several feature films for Warners, such as Bombers B-52, The Deep Six, A Fever in the Blood and The Chapman Report. Zimbalist was in such demand during this time that he was given a vacation by Jack L. Warner, owing to exhaustion from his busy schedule.Template:Citation needed

Jack Warner lent him to Columbia Pictures for By Love Possessed in exchange for adding several years to his Warners' contract, but he refused to let Zimbalist appear in BUtterfield 8 for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1959, he was awarded the Golden Globe for "Most Promising Newcomer – Male".Template:Citation needed

The F.B.I. television series

File:Efrem Zimbalist Jr. 1971.JPG

1971 publicity photo of Zimbalist on The F.B.I.

Apart from 77 Sunset Strip, Zimbalist was most widely known for his starring role as Inspector Lewis Erskine in the Quinn Martin television production The F.B.I., which premiered on September 19, 1965, and aired its final episode on April 28, 1974.<ref>IMDB.com</ref> Zimbalist was generous in his praise of producer Martin and of his own experience starring in the show. Those who worked with him were equally admiring of the star's professionalism and likable personality.Template:Sfn

Zimbalist maintained a strong personal relationship with FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, who requested that the show be technically accurate and portray his agents in the best possible light, and he insisted actors playing FBI employees undergo a background check.Template:Sfn Zimbalist subsequently spent a week in contact with Hoover in Washington, D.C., and at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. The men remained mutual admirers for the rest of Hoover's life.Template:Sfn Hoover held up Zimbalist as a model for FBI employees' personal appearance.Template:Sfn

The Society of Former Special Agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation<ref name="Society of Former Special Agents of the FBI Inc.">Template:Cite web</ref> honored the character of Lewis Erskine in 1985 with a set of retired credentials,<ref name="Presentation of Honorary Special Agent Badge to Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. Los Angeles"/> and on June 8, 2009, FBI Director Robert Mueller presented Zimbalist with a plaque honoring him for his work on the series.<ref name="Presentation of Honorary Special Agent Badge to Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. Los Angeles">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Actor Efrem Zimbalist Jr. honored by FBI">Template:Cite news</ref>

The show was revived in the 1980s as Today's FBI starring Mike Connors.

Other television work

File:Efrem Zimbalist Jr. 1972.JPG

Zimbalist in 1972

After 77 Sunset Strip, Zimbalist appeared in other series, including CBS's short-lived The Reporter starring Harry Guardino as journalist Danny Taylor of the fictitious New York Globe. He also appeared in leading and supporting roles in several feature films, including Harlow, A Fever in the Blood (a film about a ruthless politician), Wait Until Dark and Airport 1975.

Zimbalist had a recurring role as Daniel Chalmers, a white-collar con man, on his daughter Stephanie Zimbalist's 1980s television detective series Remington Steele. He also recurred in the television dramatic series Hotel.

In 1990, Zimbalist portrayed the father of Zorro in the Christian Broadcasting Network's The New Zorro. Zimbalist relinquished the role after the program's first season because of the filming at studios outside Madrid, Spain, and the role subsequently went to Henry Darrow. He had a small recurring role in the 1990s hit science fiction television series Babylon 5 as William Edgars.

Also in the 1990s, Zimbalist voiced Alfred Pennyworth in Batman: The Animated Series. He reprised the role in subsequent media set in the DC Animated Universe, including Superman: The Animated Series, The New Batman Adventures, Justice League, and Static Shock. He said being Alfred had "made me an idol in my little grandchildren’s eyes.”<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Zimbalist also played villain Doctor Octopus in Spider-Man: The Animated Series. He appeared on the Trinity Broadcasting Network<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and as himself in the 1998 Smithsonian Institution production of Gemstones of America.<ref>Gemstones of America</ref> He performed as the narrator in "Good Morning, America" by Elinor Remick Warren.<ref>Cambria CD #1042 (1993)</ref>

Zimbalist wrote an autobiography, My Dinner of Herbs, published by Limelight Editions, New York.<ref name="My Dinner of Herbs">Template:Cite bookTemplate:Unreliable source?</ref>

In 2008, Zimbalist appeared in the short film The Delivery, in which he played a professor who helps a young girl in her struggles for literacy. The film won first place in fantasy at the Dragon*Con Film Festival and was an official selection at the Los Angeles International Children's Festival and the Reel Women International Film Festival in 2009.

Personal life

File:Zimbalist & Gluck LCCN2014709576.tif

Efrem's parents, Alma Gluck and Efrem Zimbalist Sr., 1915

In December 1941, Zimbalist married Emily Munroe McNair. They had two children, Efrem "Skip" Zimbalist III (b. 1947) and Nancy (1944–2012). In January 1950, Emily died from cancer.<ref name="USA TODAY">Template:Cite web</ref>

On February 12, 1956, at New Hartford, Connecticut, Zimbalist married Loranda Stephanie Spalding, daughter of Francis Lecompte Spalding, United States Consul General in Seville, Spain, and a grand-daughter of Edgar L. G. Prochnik, former Austrian Minister to the United States.<ref>"MISS L. SPALDING BECOMES A BRIDE; Daughter of Consul in Spain Wed to Efrem Zimbalist Jr., Son of Violinist", The New York Times, Feb. 13, 1956, accessed 8 October 2025</ref> They had a daughter, future actress Stephanie Zimbalist. In December 1961, AP News reported that Mrs Zimbalist had gained an uncontested divorce in Los Angeles, testifying that her husband had shown her "little love or affection" in five years of marriage.<ref>"WINS UNCONTESTED DIVORCE – Mrs. Stephanie Zimbalist", AP Wire Story, December 4, 1961</ref>

On February 5, 2007, Loranda died from lung cancer, aged 73.<ref name="USA TODAY"/>

Religious beliefs

Zimbalist's parents, Alma Gluck and Efrem Zimbalist, were of Jewish descent but, on emigrating to America, had left the religion.Template:Sfn Moreover, Efrem Zimbalist stated,Template:When "As far as I am concerned, there has been no Jew in the family for sixty-five years."Template:Sfn

Zimbalist was baptized in the Episcopal Church. He said that when growing up he was taken to church every Sunday. He attended St. Paul's School, an Episcopal boarding school in New Hampshire.<ref name="EZimablist Jr ">Template:Cite journal</ref> Zimbalist said his faith gave him comfort when Emily died.Template:Sfn

He had a nine-year association with the practice of Transcendental Meditation as taught by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Zimbalist described the Maharishi Yogi as a "fascinating character", but found the meditation method "... was a total waste of energy for me."Template:Sfn

In the late 1970s, he was drawn to the Charismatic Christianity movement. His first association was with Jim Bakker and Tammy Faye Bakker's PTL ministry. For several years, he was a member of the PTL board. PTL's principal televangelistic successor, the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN),<ref name="95 Years"/> engaged Zimbalist to make its many announcements, including the station's idents every half hour, which aired between 1992 and 2012. In a five-minute segment called "The Word" aired on TBN at 25 minutes after the hour, Zimbalist would read a verse from the Bible, eventually completing the entire text, verse by verse.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1989, he said, "for a while I did go overboard in my association with a fundamentalist group".<ref>Mary Evertz, "At 65 Still a Sex Symbol: Veteran Actor Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. is Back on Stage," St. Petersburg (Florida) Times, May 26, 1989.</ref>

In later life, Zimbalist joined the congregation of an Episcopal parish near to his home.Template:Sfn Afterward he joined the Anglican Church of Our Savior in Santa Barbara; he was an occasional reader there and requested donations be made to them (among others) in his obituary.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Political views

In 1963 and 1964, Zimbalist joined fellow actors William Lundigan, Chill Wills and Walter Brennan in making appearances on behalf of U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater, the Republican candidate, in his election campaign against U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Death

Zimbalist died at the age of 95, on May 2, 2014, from natural causes.<ref name="95 Years">Template:Cite news</ref>

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Role	Notes	Refs
1949	House of Strangers	Tony Monetti	Film noir directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz	Template:Sfn<ref name="House of Strangers">Template:Cite web</ref>
1957	Band of Angels	Lt. Ethan Sears	Romantic drama film directed by Raoul Walsh.	Template:Sfn<ref name="Band of Angels">Template:Cite web</ref>
	Bombers B-52	Colonel Jim Herlihy	CinemaScope film directed by Gordon Douglas.	Template:Sfn<ref name="Bombers B-52">Template:Cite web</ref>
1958	The Deep Six	Lt. Blanchard	World War II drama film directed by Rudolph Maté, loosely based on a novel of the same name by Martin Dibner.	Template:Sfn<ref name="The Deep Six">Template:Cite web</ref>
	Too Much, Too Soon	Vincent Bryant	Biographical film directed by Art Napoleon.	Template:Sfn<ref name="Too Much, Too Soon">Template:Cite web</ref>
	Violent Road	George Lawrence	Remake of The Wages of Fear and directed by Howard W. Koch.	Template:Sfn<ref name="Violent Road">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
	Girl on the Run	Stuart Bailey
	Home Before Dark	Jacob 'Jake' Diamond	Drama film directed and produced by Mervyn LeRoy.	Template:Sfn<ref name="Home Before Dark">Template:Cite web</ref>
1960	The Crowded Sky	Dale Heath	Drama film directed by Joseph Pevney.	Template:Sfn<ref name="The Crowded Sky">Template:Cite web</ref><ref group="Note">In Airport 1975, both Efrem Zimbalist Jr. and Dana Andrews reprised their roles, but in a reversal, Andrews does the crashing.<ref name="Nixon">Template:Cite web</ref></ref>
1961	A Fever in the Blood	Judge Leland Hoffman	Drama film directed by Vincent Sherman.	Template:Sfn<ref name="A Fever in the Blood">Template:Cite web</ref>
	By Love Possessed	Arthur Winner	Drama film directed by John Sturges.	Template:Sfn<ref name="By Love Possessed">Template:Cite web</ref>
1962	The Chapman Report	Paul Radford	Drama film directed by George Cukor.	Template:Sfn<ref name="The Chapman Report">Template:Cite web</ref>
1965	Harlow	William Mansfield	Fictionalized drama based on the life of film star Jean Harlow directed by Alex Segal.	Template:Sfn<ref name="Harlow">Template:Cite web</ref>
	The Reward	Frank Bryant	Western film directed by Serge Bourguignon.	Template:Sfn<ref name="The Reward">Template:Cite web</ref>
1967	Wait Until Dark	Sam Hendrix	Psychological thriller film directed by Terence Young.	Template:Sfn<ref name="Wait Until Dark">Template:Cite web</ref>
1974	Airport 1975	Captain Stacy	Air disaster film and the first sequel to the successful 1970 film Airport and directed by Jack Smight.	Template:Sfn<ref name="Airport 1975">Template:Cite web</ref>
1982	The Avenging	Jacob Anderson	Drama film written and directed by Lyman Dayton.	Template:Sfn<ref name="The Avenging">Template:Cite web</ref>
1991	Hot Shots!	Wilson	Comedy spoof film of Top Gun directed and co-written by Jim Abrahams.	Template:Sfn<ref name="Hot Shots!">Template:Cite web</ref>
1993	Jack L. Warner: The Last Mogul	Narrator	Documentary film directed and written by Gregory Orr.
	Batman: Mask of the Phantasm	Alfred Pennyworth (voice)	Template:Plain list	Template:Sfn
1995	The Street Corner Kids: The Sequel	Makenzie	Family film directed and written by Margaret Raphael.
1998	Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero	Alfred Pennyworth (voice)	Direct-to-video superhero animated feature film directed, co-written, and co-produced by Boyd Kirkland.	Template:Sfn<ref name="SubZero">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="btva">Template:Cite web A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.</ref>
1999	The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man	Doctor Octopus	Animated short film directed and co-written by Scott Trowbridge.
2003	Batman: Mystery of the Batwoman	Alfred Pennyworth (voice)	Direct-to-video animated film directed by Template:Ill.	Template:Sfn<ref name="Batwoman">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="btva" />
2008	The Delivery	Dr. Engel	Short film directed and written by Gabrielle DeCuir., (final film role)

Television

Year	Title	Role	Notes	Refs
1946	Mr. and Mrs. North	Star	Television film	Template:Sfn
1954–1955	Concerning Miss Marlowe	Jim Gavin	Contract role	Template:Sfn
1956	Star Tonight	Template:CGuest	Episode: "The Long View"	Template:Sfn
	The United States Steel Hour	Sean O'Neill	Episode "Stopover at Sublimity"	Template:Sfn
1957	Conflict	Stuart Bailey	2 episodes	Template:Sfn
1957–1958	Maverick	Dandy Jim Buckley	Template:CRecurring
1958	Girl on the Run	Stuart Bailey	Television film	Template:Sfn<ref name="Girl on the Run">Template:Cite web</ref>
	Sugarfoot	Kerrigan the Great	Episode: "The Wizard"
1958–1964	77 Sunset Strip	Stuart Bailey	Contract role; 163 episodes	Template:Sfn
1959–1962	Hawaiian Eye	Stuart Bailey	Template:CRecurring
1960	The Alaskans	John Conrad	Episode: "The Trial of Reno McKee"
1961	Person to Person	Himself	Episode:"August 11, 1961"
	Bronco	Edwin Booth	Episode: "The Prince of Darkness"	Template:Sfn
	What About Linda?	Himself	March of Dimes fund raising program
1962	Here's Hollywood	Himself	November 2, 1962
1964	The Hollywood Palace	Himself	Episode: "Host: Efrem Zimbalist Jr."
	Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre	Paul Radford	Episode: "The Sojourner"	Template:Sfn
	The Alfred Hitchcock Hour	Stranger	Episode: "See the Monkey Dance"
	The Reporter	Charles Durwood	Episode: "Super-Star"
1965	Rawhide	Jeff McKeever	Episode: "The Diehard"
	Password	Himself	Episode: "Angie Dickinson vs. Efrem Zimbalist Jr."
1965–1974	The F.B.I.	Inspector Lewis Erskine	Contract role; 241 episodes	Template:Sfn
1967	Cosa Nostra, Arch Enemy of the F.B.I.	Inspector Lewis Erskine (archive footage)	Television film	Template:Sfn
	Insight	Byron	Episode: "Stranger In My Shoes"
1969		Jim	Episode: "The Coffee House"
1970		Bergman	Episode: "The Day God Died"
		Don Ford	Episode: "He Lived With Us, Ate With Us, What Else, Dear?"
		Charles de Foucauld	Episode: "The Hermit"
1972	The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson	Himself	February 16, 1972
1974	Insight	Template:CGuest	Episode: "When You See Arcturus"
1975	Who Is the Black Dahlia?	Sgt. Harry Hansen	Television film	Template:Sfn
1978	A Family Upside Down	Mike Long	Television film	Template:Sfn
	Terror Out of the Sky	David Martin	Television film	Template:Sfn
	30th Primetime Emmy Awards	Himself	Presenter
1979	The Best Place to Be	Bill Reardan	Television film	Template:Sfn
	The Gathering, Part II	Victor Wainwright	Television film	Template:Sfn
	Insight	God	Episode: "Checkmate"
		Template:CGuest	Episode: "A Family of Winners"
1980	Scruples	Ellis Ikehorn	Miniseries	Template:Sfn
	The Anita Bryant Spectacular	Himself		Template:Sfn
1982	Beyond Witch Mountain	Aristotle Bolt	Television film	Template:Sfn
	Family in Blue	Marty Malone	Television film	Template:Sfn
1983	Insight	Template:CGuest	Episode: "The Hit Man"
	Fantasy Island	Mr. Baldwin	Episode: "The Butler's Affair/Roarke's Sacrifice"
	Charley's Aunt	Col. Francis Chesney	Television film	Template:Sfn
	Baby Sister	Tom Burroughs	Television film	Template:Sfn
	Shooting Stars	Robert Cluso	Television film	Template:Sfn
1983–87	Remington Steele	Daniel Chalmers	Template:CRecurring	Template:Sfn
1984	The Love Boat	Dan Whitman	Episode: "Polly's Poker Palace"
	Hardcastle and McCormick	Emmett Parnell	Episode: "The Georgia Street Motors"	Template:Sfn
	Partners in Crime	Grant Latham	Episode: "Murder in the Museum"
	Hotel	Alexander Heath	Episode: "Flesh and Blood"	Template:Sfn
	Cover Up	E.G. Dawson	Episode: "Writer's Block"
	You Are the Jury	Narrator	Episode: "The Case of the People of Florida v Joseph Lamdrum"	Template:Sfn
1985	Finder of Lost Loves	Judge Alex Hale	Episode: "Mister Wonderful"
1986	38th Primetime Emmy Awards	Himself	Presenter: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Special
	You Are the Jury	Narrator	Episode: "The State of Arizona v Dr. Evan Blake"	Template:Sfn
1986–88	Hotel	Charles Cabot	Template:CRecurring	Template:Sfn
1988	Hunter	Clarence Hyland	Episode: "Murder He Wrote"
	Murder, She Wrote	Gen. Havermeyer	Episode: "The Last Flight of the Dixie Damsel"
1990	Zorro	Don Alejandro de la Vega	Contract role; 25 episodes	Template:Sfn
	Who's the Boss?	Robert Robinson	Episode: "Operation Mona"
	Murder, She Wrote	Richard Thompson Grant	Episode: "Hannigan's Wake"
1991	Hot Shots: The Making of an Important Movie	Himself
1992	Murder, She Wrote	Adam Quatrain	Episode: "Sugar, Spice, Malice and Vice"
1992–1993	The Legend of Prince Valiant	King Arthur (voice)	Contract role; 53 episodes	<ref name="btva" />
1992–1995	Batman: The Animated Series	Alfred Pennyworth (voice)	Contract role; 57 episodes	Template:Sfn<ref name="btva" />
1993	Trade Winds	Christof Philips	Miniseries	Template:Sfn
1994	Vicki!	Himself
	Burke's Law	Sam Gallagher	Episode: "Who Killed the Legal Eagle?"
	Heaven Help Us	Lexy's Dad	Episode: "A Little Left of Heaven"
	The Nanny	Theodore Timmons	Episode: "Material Fran"
1995	Biker Mice from Mars	King Arthur	Episode: "Knights of the Round Table"
	One West Waikiki	Walter Mansfield	Episode: "Flowers of Evil"
	Gargoyles	Mace Malone	Episode: "Revelations"	<ref name="btva" />
	Iron Man	Justin Hammer (voice)	Template:CRecurring	<ref name="btva" />
1995–1997	Spider-Man: The Animated Series	Doctor Octopus / Otto Octavius (voice)	Template:CRecurring	<ref name="btva" />
1996	Picket Fences	Hal Klosterman	Episode: "Forget Selma"
	Mighty Ducks	Dr. Denton P. Hookerman	Episode: "Zap Attack"
1997	Babylon 5	William Edgars	Template:CRecurring	Template:Sfn
	The Visitor	Wayland Scott	Episode: "Miracles"
	Superman: The Animated Series	Alfred Pennyworth (voice)	Episode: "World's Finest"	Template:Sfn<ref name="btva" />
1997–1998	The New Batman Adventures	Alfred Pennyworth (voice)	Template:CRecurring	Template:Sfn<ref name="btva" />
1998	Gemstones of America	Himself	Host
1999	A Year to Remember	Himself	Host
2001	The First Day	Benjamin Hart	Television film	Template:Sfn
2003	Static Shock	Alfred Pennyworth (voice)	Episode: "Hard as Nails"	Template:Sfn<ref name="btva" />
2003–2004	Justice League	Alfred Pennyworth (voice)	3 episodes	Template:Sfn<ref name="btva" />
2004	Batman: Behind the Mystery	Himself
	TVLand Moguls	Himself
2007	The Brothers Warner	Himself	Historical film directed by Cass Warner (credited as Cass Warner Sperling).	<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Video games

Year	Title	Role	Refs
1993	Gabriel Knight: Sins of the Fathers	Wolfgang	<ref name="btva" />
2000	Spider-Man	Doctor Octopus	<ref name="btva" />
2001	Batman: Vengeance	Alfred Pennyworth	Template:Sfn<ref name="btva" />

Video

Year	Title	Role	Notes	Refs
1983	The Tempest	Prospero	Directed by William Woodman.	Template:Sfn

Theatre

Opening date	Closing date	Title	Role	Theatre	Refs
Nov 10, 1945	Jan 19, 1946	The Rugged Path	Gil Hartnick	Plymouth	<ref name="Path">Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Sfn
Nov 6, 1946	Feb 21, 1947	King Henry VIII	Duke of Suffolk	International Theatre	Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Nov 8, 1946	Feb 15, 1947	What Every Woman Knows	A Butler, Ensemble	International Theatre	Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Dec 19, 1946	Feb 22, 1947	A Pound on Demand Androcles and the Lion	Secutor	International Theatre	Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Feb 27, 1947	Mar 15, 1947	Yellow Jack	Aristides Agramonte	International Theatre	Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
May 1, 1947	Nov 1, 1947	The Telephone The Medium	(producer)	Ethel Barrymore Theatre	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Feb 24, 1948	Mar 6, 1948	Hedda Gabler	Eilert Lovborg	Cort Theatre	Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Dec 7, 1948	Jan 9, 1949	The Telephone	(producer)	City Center	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Dec 7, 1948	Jan 9, 1949	The Medium	(producer)	City Center	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Mar 15, 1950	Nov 4, 1950	The Consul	(producer)	Ethel Barrymore Theatre	<ref name="Consul">Template:Cite web</ref>
Jan 17, 1956	Aug 11, 1956	Fallen Angels	Maurice Duclos	Playhouse	Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Oct 16, 2004	Nov 7, 2004	Night of the Iguana	Nonno	Rubicon Theatre Company	<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Free access</ref>
Apr 26, 2007	May 20, 2007	Hamlet	The Player King	Rubicon Theatre Company	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Sources

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External links

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