Ego reduction
The concept of ego reduction is predicated on the use of Sigmund Freud's concept of the ego to describe the conscious adult self; and broadly describes the deflating of an over-inflated or egotistical sense of oneself<ref>Edmund Bergler, in J. Halliday/P. Fuller eds., The Psychology of Gambling (1974) p. 176-7</ref> - a curtailment of what Iris Murdoch called “the anxious avaricious tentacles of the self”.<ref>Quoted in D. N. McCloskey, The Bourgeois Virtues (2006) p. 190</ref>
Among other contexts, ego reduction has been seen as a goal in Alcoholics Anonymous; as a part of BDSM play,<ref>B. A. Firestein, Becoming Visible (2007) p. 365</ref> providing a means of entering "subspace"; and as a way of attaining religious humility and freedom from desire in Buddhism.<ref>Peter Kreeft, Back to Virtue (1992) p. 40</ref>
Alcoholics Anonymous
Harry Tiebout saw the surrender of the alcoholic in AA as dependent upon ego reduction, in the twin sense of a relinquishment of personal narcissism, and the development of a new trust in other people.<ref>K. G. Davis, Primero Dios (1994) p. 60</ref>
Tiebout stressed that this was a process that should be applied only to the (over-extended) infantile ego Template:NowrapTemplate:Tspthe surviving remnants of an original megalomania that had not been worn away by the normal processes of life.<ref>Harry Tiebout Harry Tiebout: Collected Writings (1999) p. 78</ref>
Therapy
While most therapy favours a process of strengthening the ego functions, at the expense of the irrational parts of the mind,<ref>Harold Stewart, Psychic Experience and Problems of Technique (1992) p. 127-8</ref> a reduction in self-importance and Template:NowrapTemplate:Tspego Template:NowrapTemplate:Tspis also generally valorised: Robin Skynner for example describing the 'shrink' as a head-shrinker, and adding that “as our swollen heads get smaller... as people we grow”.<ref>Robin Skynner/John Cleese, Families and how to survive them (1994) p. 63</ref>
Rational emotive behaviour therapy also favours such ego reduction as a part of extending self-control and confirming personal boundaries.<ref>K. E. FitzMaurice, Garbage Rules (2012) p. 7-8</ref>
Buddhism
Ego reduction is traditionally seen as the goal of the Buddha's teaching.<ref>S. Sharma, Legacy of the Buddha (2001) p. 40</ref>
However, the goal of egolessness (as Buddhist therapists warn) is not to be confused with a mere loss or paralysis of ego functions: it is rather their incorporation and transcendence.<ref>Mark Epstein, Psychotherapy without the Self (2007) p. 79</ref>