El Nuevo Día

El Nuevo Día (English: The New Day) is the newspaper with the largest circulation in Puerto Rico. It is considered the territory's newspaper of record.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> El Nuevo Día was founded in 1909 in Ponce, Puerto Rico, and is a subsidiary of GFR Media. It is headquartered in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.<ref name="Chronicling"/>

History

Original run as El Dia

Sign from former headquarters of the El Día newspaper, while on Calle Salud, Ponce (1945–1970), now on display at Museo de la Historia de Ponce

El Nuevo Día was founded in 1909 in the city of Ponce as "El Diario de Puerto Rico,"Template:Efn later changing its name to "El Día" in 1911, a name it kept for nearly seven decades. Its founder was Guillermo V. Cintrón,<ref name="Baralt"/> with assistance from Eugenio Astol and Nemesio Canales.<ref name="ICP"/> Its editorial staff consisted of Felix Matos Bernier, Juan Braschi, Nemesio R. Canales, Felix Astol, and Eugenio Deschamps.<ref name="Rodriguez"/> El Día was a regional newspaper from Ponce that covered regional news with occasional sensationalism.<ref name="Coss23">Template:Harvnb</ref>

In 1928 Guillermo V. Cintron sold the paper to Guillermo Vivas Valdivieso who formed an editorial team consisting of the three Gil De Lamadrid brothers (Jesus, Joaquin and Alfredo), Enrique Colon Barega, and Julio Enrique Monagas, and published the paper until 1945. Under his directorship the paper also started distribution in San Juan, Puerto Rico.<ref name="Rodriguez"/> On 8 November 1945, the newspaper was acquired by Ponce native and future governor Luis A. Ferré. The cement magnate converted it’s narrative into a pro-statehood publication, placing it in one of the factions promoting options to solve the status issue.<ref name="Coss7">Template:Harvnb</ref> Its board of directors consisted of Raul Matos Balaguer, Arturo Gallardo Guerrero, Miguel Sotero Palermo, Juan A. Wirshing, and Luis A. Ferre. After Ferré was elected governor of Puerto Rico in 1968, his eldest son, Antonio Luis Ferré, purchased the paper from his father for a dollar.<ref name="Rodriguez"/> The paper's slogan was "Y vivamos la moral, que es lo que nos hace falta" (roughly, "And let us live by the moral yardstick, which is what we lack").<ref name="Rodriguez">Neysa Rodriguez Deynes, Ph. D., curator. Journalism Hall. Museo de la Historia de Ponce. Ponce, Puerto Rico. March 2011.</ref> Gustavo Cubas and Benito del Cueto, both linked to the Ferré family, were intended to join the paper from the get go.<ref name="Coss112">Template:Harvnb</ref>

Launch of El Nuevo Día

Two years after this, Antonio Luis moved the newspaper to San Juan and renamed it "El Nuevo Día". The first edition under this rebrand was published on May 18, 1970, amidst socioeconomic changes and political clashes, with Antonio Luis Ferré stating that the paper would favor statehood.<ref name="Coss105">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Coss18">Template:Harvnb</ref> El Nuevo Día entered into an alliance with Ferré's Partido Nuevo Progresista (PNP), echoing the institutional stances.<ref name="Coss8">Template:Harvnb</ref> Despite this, Antonio Luis Ferré portrayed his editorial line as neutral, claiming that it only covered what was news.<ref name="Coss13">Template:Harvnb</ref> Debuting during Luis A. Ferré's final year as governor, El Nuevo Día only covered the government’s official versions during this timeframe.<ref name="Coss46">Template:Harvnb</ref> When the Comisión de Derechos Civiles investigated the objectivity of the Puerto Rican press, Antonio Luis Ferré declined participating in the process.<ref name="Coss101">Template:Harvnb</ref> This process led to the Consejo de Prensa being proposed to safeguard freedom of press.<ref name="Coss129">Template:Harvnb</ref> It also inspired Robert Anderson's La prensa en Puerto Rico.<ref name="Coss101"/>

This placed it at odds with several competing newspapers, with pro-independence Claridad denounced that despite having three times less distribution as El Imparcial, the paper received more government advertising.<ref name="Coss60">Template:Harvnb</ref> Gratuitous distribution was employed as a loophole to avoid legal conflict.Luis A. Ferré prohibited the presence of Claridad in the press conferences at La Fortaleza, citing that it was a political publication.<ref name="Coss60">Template:Harvnb</ref> The paper was banned until restrictions were lifted to allow a statehooder paper. El Mundo was critical of the Luis A. Ferré administration, leading to the rejection of the statehooders (who argued that it favored the PPD).<ref name="Coss48">Template:Harvnb</ref> Despite being generally apathetic to party-based politics, The San Juan Star would denounce corruption scandals during the Ferré administration.<ref name="Coss57">Template:Harvnb</ref>

The paper's first director under Antonio Luis Ferre was Carlos Castañeda from Cuba, who was wrestled away from El Mundo, which unsuccessfully tried to retain his services.<ref name="Coss9">Template:Harvnb</ref> Graphic designer José Díaz de Villegas were brought in by El Nuevo Día to complete the "daily magazine" format.<ref name="Coss27">Template:Harvnb</ref> Dimas Planas (previously of The San Juan Star) and Saúl Pérez Lozano completed the newspaper director.<ref name="Coss30">Template:Harvnb</ref> Ferré, himself a Cuban descendant, brought in exile members including Díaz de Villegas, general manager Gustavo Cubas, production manager Rodolfo Martínez and sales manager Alfredo Arias.<ref name="Coss30"/> The only Puerto Rican in a prominent position was Fernando Sánchez, who was in charge of circulation. Other members of the staff were Hugo del Cañal, Fernando Heydrich, Eduardo Valero, Rafael Carrasquillo, Ray García, Ángel Alonso, Sergio Peréz Grau, José Prados Herrero, José A. Collado, Ariel Ortiz Tellechea, Rafael López Rosas and Ismael Fernández.<ref name="Coss30"/>

During its first years in San Juan, El Nuevo Día's newsroom was located in the "Torre de la Reina" building, near the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra. Publishers Group was employed, impossing the use of illustrations and photos along concise headlines.<ref name="Coss23"/> Employing a presentation format that was new to the local press, the publication found a following.<ref name="Coss8"/> Castañeda emphasized design, topography and cartoon, also giving preferential treatment to photographers (a first among local newspapers) that included additional training, salaries equal to those of journalists and participation in all field assignments.<ref name="Coss26">Template:Harvnb</ref> Times was used 8.5 in 9 points and sans serif was used 9 in 10 points.<ref name="Coss28">Template:Harvnb</ref> An added emphasis on image quality that introduced lab techniques, avoided the use of flash and equipped the four photographers in the staff wit 35 mm Nikon cameras and 200 ASA film was used for sharper image quality.<ref name="Coss29">Template:Harvnb</ref>

Articles were confined in as little space as possible, an attempt to avoid "page jumping" and streamline reading.<ref name="Coss35">Template:Harvnb</ref> All these changes were attempts to attract 1970s youth, which were perceived as being trained by television culture to rely on visual input and lacked a "reading culture". El Nuevo Día also had a commercial press.<ref name="Coss69">Template:Harvnb</ref> Emphasis was given to sports, show business, law enforcement and other topics besides politics.<ref name="Coss33">Template:Harvnb</ref> Its coverage of Roberto Clemente's performance for the World Series-winning Pittsburgh Pirates and Marisol Malaret's Miss Universe victory popularized this approach. Gloria Leal was brought in to write sections targeted towards women, a job that had been previously refined by Castañeda and evolved into the long-running Por Dentro section.<ref name="Coss34">Template:Harvnb</ref>

During its early years, El Nuevo Día did not give emphasis to academics.<ref name="Coss38">Template:Harvnb</ref> Edgardo Rodríguez Juliá is one of the few academics to join the paper.<ref name="Coss118">Template:Harvnb</ref> The creation of the Asociación de Periodistas (ASPRO) and a journalism program at the UPR coincided with this.<ref name="Coss24">Template:Harvnb</ref> El Nuevo Día moved 16,000 copies its first year, duplicating this to 30,000 the following year.<ref name="Coss25">Template:Harvnb</ref> Within three years, the number had risen to 120, 000. The working environment created by low wages and foreign directors in El Mundo created miscontent among its employees, who failed to reach agreements during eight months of negotiations.<ref name="Coss48">Template:Harvnb</ref> The ensuing strike began on February 11, 1972 and extended until October, allowing El Nuevo Día to capitalize and displace the paper.<ref name="Coss49">Template:Harvnb</ref> The process featured numerous legal measures from both sides and clashes between the protesters and the police.<ref name="Coss50">Template:Harvnb</ref>

This motivated other groups including PIP, PSP, FUPI, FEPI and MOU to support the union workers.<ref name="Coss51">Template:Harvnb</ref> This resulted in the helicopters used by the administration of El Mundo, in an attempt to overcome the strike and weaken the syndicate by continuing to publish with sympathetic employees, being disabled.<ref name="Coss52">Template:Harvnb</ref> Claridad joined a boycott. Meanwhile, PNP lawmakers and functionaries such as Mario Gaztambide, Rafael Llovet, Ramón Rivera Valentín and Frank Romero-besides the party's base- supported the process due to perceiving El Mundo as an enemy.<ref name="Coss53">Template:Harvnb</ref> The government itself aided in extending the conflict by contracting the strikers.<ref name="Coss56"/> Ultimately, the union workers prevailed and defeated the administration's attempt to exclude circulation from syndicate protection.<ref name="Coss56">Template:Harvnb</ref> Ferré used his position within both El Nuevo Día and the PNP administration to gather government support for the protests.<ref name="Coss50"/> The economic impact of losing revenue from publicity in an election year ultimately began a sharp decline for El Mundo, who could no longer move over 100,000 copies.<ref name="Coss56"/> In 1974, the newspaper also lost chief of redaction Miguel A. Santín to El Nuevo Día.<ref name="Coss58">Template:Harvnb</ref> By 1979, El Nuevo Día had surpassed El Mundo in distribution.<ref name="Coss25"/>

1975-1989

After the Ferré administration ended, the affiliation with statehood was toned down and not openly mentioned.<ref name="Coss106">Template:Harvnb</ref> Editorials were suspended for some time in 1975, but made a reappearance by the next year in sporadic form.<ref name="Coss114">Template:Harvnb</ref> Prior to the 1976 elections, the paper promoted voting for individual candidates, this while supporting Barceló.<ref name="Coss116">Template:Harvnb</ref> According to two studies on the matter, El Nuevo Día supported his reelection in 1980 and continued favoring the PNP until at least 1988. However, the friction between Barceló and the press following the Cerro Maravilla murders led to an editorial by Castañeda following his 1984 defeat.<ref name="Coss117">Template:Harvnb</ref>

While the topic was covered in The San Juan Star, Claridad and to a lesser extent El Mundo, El Nuevo Día ignored the early stages of the Cerro Maravilla murder case investigation.<ref name="Coss72">Template:Harvnb</ref> It wasn't until the Associated Press and the other local newspapers discussed contradictions in the version of governor Carlos Romero Barceló that director Roberto Fabricio published a piece on April 30, 1979. A damage control campaign by the administration ensued. As El Nuevo Día denounced Fabricio in an editorial by Castañeda (returning to the daily role after being promoted to editorial vice-president) on May 4, the director left the publication. The newspaper then adopted a conciliatory tone towards Romero Barceló, supporting the governor's proposal of a federal investigation.<ref name="Coss73">Template:Harvnb</ref> The family of the victims opposed the involvement of the United States, as clashes between independence groups and the FBI were in full swing during the 1970s.<ref name="Coss74"/> The situation was complicated, as El Nuevo Día adviser Héctor M. Laffitte was in charge of defending police officers accused of the murders, but the publication failed to publish a disclaimer about it during its coverage.<ref name="Coss75">Template:Harvnb</ref> During this time, Roberto Fabricio was selected as director of El Nuevo Día.<ref name="Coss74">Template:Harvnb</ref>

Entering the 1980s, El Nuevo Día had become print's mass communication leader, economically benefiting the Ferré family. <ref name="Coss14"/> During this decade, El Nuevo Día was critical of El Reportero, which they accused of supporting the PPD.<ref name="Coss61">Template:Harvnb</ref> The paper used its superior distribution to sway advertising away from the new publication.<ref name="Coss63">Template:Harvnb</ref> In contrast to the political and crime news emphasized in the covers of other papers, El Nuevo Día gave room to sports and other entertainment matters.<ref name="Coss103">Template:Harvnb</ref> This pattern was also seen in special sections. Jesús García led a sports department that had gained a second front page within El Nuevo Día.<ref name="Coss93">Template:Harvnb</ref> During this time, Ángel Olivieras allowed the recently graduated Amarilys Ortiz a role within the section, but denied her permanency based on gender. By 1985, El Nuevo Día was nearing 45% of the market.<ref name="Coss64">Template:Harvnb</ref> A year later, the publication was moving 200,000 daily copies and controlled 50% of the market.<ref name="Coss63">Template:Harvnb</ref> In 1986, to its current location municipality of Guaynabo, purchasing the building for 22 million dollars. With the end of both El Mundo and El Reportero, El Nuevo Día grew to control almost 60% by 1990 and 70% five years later.<ref name="Coss64"/>

1990-2010

García served as director of El Nuevo Día from 1990 to 1996, when he left the role to the Ferré siblings.<ref name="Coss131"/> Feeling that they could change society, the paper underwent a decentralization in its administration, bringing in younger educated journalists and attempted to include the average citizen in its news (though non partisan groups rarely made it to the cover).<ref name="Coss133">Template:Harvnb</ref> During this decade, El Nuevo Día supported the Centro de Libertad de Prensa of the Universidad del Sagrado Corazón and internships for UPR students.<ref name="Coss41">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Coss123">Template:Harvnb</ref> The Rosselló administration marked a departure from El Nuevo Día's historical support of the PNP, leading open conflict that resulted in the government withdrawing advertising from it.<ref name="Coss62">Template:Harvnb</ref> By the paper's 25th Anniversary, Ferré claimed that the publication never made an alliance with "any political party".<ref name="Coss109">Template:Harvnb</ref> The conflict between El Nuevo Día and Rosselló lasted from April 1997 to May 1999.<ref name="Coss111">Template:Harvnb</ref> It began with a piece on pay for play about a group named "Empresarios con Rosselló" leading to a suspension of advertising by the administration.<ref name="Coss119">Template:Harvnb</ref> After Rosselló extended his offensive against other Ferré corporations, the Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa confronted him, but were dismissed.<ref name="Coss120">Template:Harvnb</ref> The governor also cited that Antonio Luis Ferré had pressured the government by using El Nuevo DíaTemplate:'s paper to discuss matter concerning other companies (which he felt was a hostile reminder of their influence in the media). A number of journalistic, civilian and professional organizations sided with the paper citing freedom of press.<ref name="Coss121">Template:Harvnb</ref> Ultimately, both sides reached an agreement in which Rosselló allowed advertising in the paper. During this conflict, El Nuevo Día made widespread use of federal sources.<ref name="Coss154">Template:Harvnb</ref> The struggle costed 20 million for the newspaper. Despite this, at one point, El Nuevo Día dominated media share in Puerto Rico, an inversion of the usual trend were newspapers trail television.<ref name="Coss65">Template:Harvnb</ref>

"El Nuevo Día" continues to be owned and published by the Ferré family. During the late 1990s, Luis Alberto Ferré joined as a journalist for environmental topics, while co-directing along his sister María Luisa.<ref name="Coss122">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Coss123"/> María Eugenia was placed in charge of marketing and sales.<ref name="Coss131"/> In April 1999, Luis Alberto became the sole director. He adopted a critical stance on the status of newspapers in Puerto Rico, in particular of what he referred to as "bipolar journalism" and a lack of introspection.<ref name="Coss134">Template:Harvnb</ref> In 2000, El Nuevo Día sponsored a series of academic activities on democracy and journalism where self-critic was a fixture.<ref name="Coss133"/> During the 2000s, María Eugenia became president of El Nuevo Día.<ref name="Coss131"/> María Lorenza, who worked marketing and sales for Primera Hora, was placed in charge of the paper's supplemental content.

Entering the 21st Century, journalist experienced a crisis bolstered by credibility issues product of the involvement of marketers and reader apathy. By 1996, Castañeda (who was still part of the board of El Nuevo Día) was publicly critical of the way in which conformism, bureaucracy and prioritizing money making has affected the local press.<ref name="Coss128">Template:Harvnb</ref> The introduction of the "Bombón de la Semana" during the 2000s served as an example of how marketing overcame journalism in the model of GFR's publications.<ref name="Coss126">Template:Harvnb</ref> Castañedas’ criticism included a book that he authored for the paper's 25th Anniversary or a 1996 conference, has not been republished afterwards.<ref name="Coss131">Template:Harvnb</ref> El Nuevo Día still used anonymous sources, which on occasion led to opinions and incomplete or unverifiable statements making way to its pages.<ref name="Coss170"/>

Despite portraying itself in a different light, celebrity news still made the cover of El Nuevo Día sporadically.<ref name="Coss170">Template:Harvnb</ref> "Por Dentro", "Domingo" and "En Grande" were dedicated to trivial topics, while intelectual projects like "Foro" and "Letras" were short lived and assimilated into the latter.<ref name="Coss156">Template:Harvnb</ref> The advent of its digital platform, endi.com, has led to El Nuevo Día recruiting young journalists to monitor the media and republish.<ref name="Coss157">Template:Harvnb</ref> The community initiatives created by El Nuevo Día are usually temporary in nature, though the introduction of blogs and editorials authored by external figures have allowed room for the reader.<ref name="Coss152">Template:Harvnb</ref> In addition to its political and community sections, El Nuevo Día also has sports, entertainment and business sections. Its previous television commercial campaign slogan read: El Nuevo Día: Un Gran Periodico ("El Nuevo Día: A Great Newspaper"). The campaign slogan recentlyTemplate:When changed to "El Nuevo Día: Conocer es Crecer" ("El Nuevo Día: To Know is to Grow"). A weekly supplement known as "La Gran Historia Ilustrada de Puerto Rico" was introduced in 2007.<ref name="Coss159">Template:Harvnb</ref>

From 2003 to 2008, El Nuevo Día had an Orlando edition called El Nuevo Día Orlando. It started publication on 2 September 2003 and was published on weekdays. When Primera Hora was launched, it was described as "Coke Diet" to El Nuevo Día's "Coca Cola".<ref name="Coss14">Template:Harvnb</ref> On 13 November 2009, the newspaper began to circulate free of charge. The paper printed 25,000 copies daily.Template:Citation needed A study showed that 96% percent of people who read the Orlando edition read it at home. The Orlando edition ceased publication on 29 August 2008.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The newspaper's current president is María Eugenia Ferré Rangel and the current editor is Luis Alberto Ferré Rangel. Of the 209 millions El Nuevo Día made in 2005, 146 were in advertising.<ref name="Coss65">Template:Harvnb</ref> Until 2010, El Nuevo Día generated more revenue than all of its competitors collectively.<ref name="Coss69"/> During this decade it reached distribution of 300,000 copies for 75% of the market.<ref name="Coss69"/>

2010-present

Its main competitor in terms of distribution is El Vocero. Content-wise, the papers have somewhat different news formats and audiences. While El Nuevo Día has been known largely for its political reporting, El Vocero has traditionally taken a more tabloid-oriented approach, giving greater prominence to news stories on daily street crime. More recently, however, "El Vocero" has begun to put greater emphasis to political and business news, making it a more direct competitor to "El Nuevo Día."

Columnists

• Benjamín Torres Gotay
• Eduardo Lalo
• Fernando Cabanillas
• Geovanny Vicente
• Jaime Lluch
• José Curet
• Juan Zaragoza
• Mayra Montero
• Pedro Reina Pérez
• Rafael Cox Alomar
• Rosa Mercado
• Silverio Pérez

Awards and recognitions

Critical reception

Journalist Luis Fernando Díaz calls it the "most complete model" of Puerto Rico's third wave of journalism and the most modern version of Puerto Rican journalism upon launch.<ref name="Coss14"/><ref name="Coss18">Template:Harvnb</ref>

See also

• List of newspapers in Puerto Rico

References

Bibliography

• Template:Cite book

External links

• El Nuevo Día's website Template:In lang
• El Nuevo Día's online archive (subscription-only service) Template:Webarchive Template:In lang
• El Nuevo Día's corporate site Template:In lang
• Template:Newseum front page